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Temporal analysis of event-discrete alarm data for improved manufacturing

Procedia CIRP 2020年 93卷 742-746页

作者： Heiner Reinhardt Jan-Peter Bergmann Anke Stoll Matthias Putz Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Reichenhainer Straße 88 09126 Chemnitz Germany

Efficient response to machine failures is crucial for improving machine availability. In practice, the number of alarms occurring during the operation of manufacturing systems could overwhelm even experienced machine operators. Manufacturing execution systems (MES) therefore often allow for alarm data acquisition as well as its filtering and aggregation to reduce the occurring information overload. However, manual configuration of these systems may be cumbersome and time-consuming. Hence, we propose an event-discrete method for temporal alarm data analysis to support the configuration process.

关键词： Man-machine system Maintenance Pattern recognition Knowledge management Algorithm Analysis Automation Condition monitoring Manufacturing system Complexity

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Gathering of Process Data through Numerical Simulation for the Application of machine Learning Prognosis Algorithms

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Procedia Manufacturing 2020年 47卷 608-614页

作者： Mathias Jäckel Tobias Falk Julius Georgi Welf-Guntram Drossel Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Nöthnitzer Straße 44 Dresden 01187 Germany

In recent years, FEA simulation of forming processes has increasingly developed as a good alternative to complex experimental work in the determination of process parameters and product properties. However, detailed material data (e.g. flow curves) are necessary for the execution of FEA simulations, which are often not available to manufacturers and users in the early stages of the product development. In this paper, a method is shown by which application it is possible, that only on the basis the general mechanical properties (e.g. tensile strength, sheet thickness) and the use of data-based prognosis models of supervised machine learning to predict directly a result regarding suitable process parameters as well as expected forming result properties. Thereby an extensive technological database was generated for the joining by forming process self-pierce riveting (SPR) by means of numerical simulation. Subsequently, different learning algorithms are trained using these numerical data and their prediction quality is compared.

关键词： machine Learning forming Simulation Self-pierce riveting

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Development of a New Self-flaring Rivet Geometry Using Finite Element Method and Design of Experiments

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Procedia Manufacturing 2020年 47卷 383-388页

作者： Christian Kraus Tobias Falk Reinhard Mauermann Welf-Guntram Drossel Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Nöthnitzer Straße 44 Dresden 01187 Germany

The paper presents a new joining process for mixed joints of metallic and non-metallic materials. The process bases on a self-flaring rivet, which lances the joining partners and, due to its geometry, produces an interlock. In contrast to conventional self-piercing processes such as self-pierce riveting with semi-tubular rivets (SPR), the new process does not require a special shaped die as counter tool. The development of the rivet geometry is carried out with the aid of FEM analyses in SFTC Deform-3D. Design of experiments (DoE) is used to find a suitable rivet geometry that is stable enough to lance high-strength steel. However, the rivet element must be flaring to produce an interlock. The challenges and solution approaches associated with the modelling of material damage and separation in the three-dimensional calculation models of the riveting process are presented. The consideration of macromechanical and geometrical criteria for element deletion is important in order to obtain robust models with useful results. The validation of the model is done by comparing the simulation results with experimental data.

关键词： Mechanical Joining Finite Element Method Design of Experiments

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High performance machining of continuous metal fibers with cascaded multi-stage profile tools 9

High performance machining of continuous metal fibers with c...

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9th CIRP Conference on High Performance Cutting, HPC 2020

作者： Teicher, Uwe Lange, Tristan Ihlenfeldt, Steffen Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Dresden01187 Germany Technische Universität Dresden Institute of Manufacturing Technology Dresden01062 Germany Technische Universität Dresden Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Dresden01062 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781713835431

Metallic fibers are essential for applications in the chemical industry, the automotive industry for brake pads and, more recently, for the air conditioning modules. The most productive process to date for producing continuous fiber lines with fiber cross-sections between 50 and 150 µm is the application of cascaded multi-stage profile tools for cutting from semi-finished wire products. One challenge is the development of a technology for highly ductile materials made of aluminium, which are used as fiber materials in the area of refrigeration adsorbers. Preliminary studies have shown that high cutting speeds are necessary for machining. For this reason, a highly manually operated machine system was advanced to meet the requirements of high cutting speeds and to integrate a process monitoring system. For the first time, experimental investigations were able to show the interrelationships between set technology values and the effective machining forces for this process. Further investigations were done using the example of aluminium alloys 5019 for an analysis of a control system for wire breakage detection on the basis of force sensors. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Automotive industry

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A novel approach for increasing the traceability of 3D printed medical products

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Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 2020年第3期6卷

作者： Matvieieva, Nataliia Neupetsch, Constanze Oettel, Markus Makdani, Varun Drossel, Welf- Guntram Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Iwu Nöthnitzer Straße 44 Dresden Germany

According to the European Medical Device Directive (MDR (EU) 2017/745), medical products of all risk classes are obliged to be labelled with Unique Device Identification Codes (UDI). In order to meet the requirements of the MDR, a novel method of identification for additively manufactured metallic products was developed at the fraunhofer institute for machine tools and forming technology (iwu). The method provides a product traceability within its production process and during the whole product lifespan, and also functions as a counterfeit protection. This paper shows the integration of a unique identification during an additive manufacturing process for a titanium part. The readout of the integrated identification was executed using ultrasonic and eddy current methods, as well as micro computed tomography. Obtained results are discussed in the paper. © 2020 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston 2020.

关键词： Laser beams

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Impact of Cyber-physically enhanced manufacturing on the product requirement documentation in high-tech applications

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Procedia CIRP 2021年 102卷 210-215页

作者： Albrecht Hänel André Seidel Carl Willy Mehling Alexander Dementyev Karol Kozak Rudi Seidel Uwe Teicher Arvid Hellmich Welf-Guntram Drossel Steffen Ihlenfeldt Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Dresden 01187 Germany Technische Universität Dresden Center for Evidence-based Healthcare Dresden 01307 Germany Technische Universität Chemnitz Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Chemnitz 09126 Germany Technische Universität Dresden Institute of Mechatronic Engineering Dresden 01062 Germany

Conventional machining of high-tech parts and components is often associated with complex processes, long lead times and small to medium batch sizes. Obviously, there is great interest to shorten process development periods and increase process reliability. The transformation of conventional machines into cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) promises significant improvements here. In fact, CPPS allows real-time data acquisition and processing, enabling to target integrated process improvement and quality assurance. In the present work, a methodical procedure for structured data aggregation is introduced for a Cyber-physical enhanced machining process while being explained from a high-tech application point of view. This includes data generation, extraction, transfer and storage, data-consolidation, linkage, visualization and interpretation. Finally, the paper illustrates these aspects in terms of the effects on the “digital product requirements” in order to achieve the presented “analytics-ready” data model using the example of a high-tech application.

关键词： Digital Manufacturing System Modelling Process control Cyber-physical production

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Development and Validation of Bone Models using Structural Dynamic Measurement Methods

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Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 2019年第1期5卷 343-345页

作者： Neupetsch, Constanze Hensel, Eric Werner, Michael Meißner, Sven Troge, Jan Drossel, Welf-Guntram Rotsch, Christian Chemnitz University of Technology Professorship for Adaptronics and Lightweight Design in Production Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU Chemnitz/Dresden Germany

Vibration measurement and signal analysis methods are common to evaluate the functionality and characteristics of technical components in different industrial and scientific areas. Modal analysis for example is a standard method to characterize the dynamic behavior of a structure and enables the development of validated bone models. The state of the art of analyzing bone structures does not include the modal damping, although it has a significant influence on the dynamic characteristics. Within the presented investigations, the modal analyses have been performed contactless with respect to excitation and response acquisition, which implies that there are no influences of shakers or sensor couplings. Therefore, an automatic impulse hammer and a 3D Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer were used for excitation and response detection. Various supports of the test specimens, surface pretreatments, excitation points and excitation impulses were examined to optimize the measurement setup and process. Experimental modal analysis data were analyzed by curve fitting methods to determine the modal parameters. To evaluate different structures and effects of damping, 3D printed artificial bones and animal in vitro bones were used to perform the measurements. To produce the cortical layer of the artificial bone models, volume models were generated based on medical image data and printed by polyamide-based selective laser sintering. The cancellous bone was represented by different foam fillings for the artificial bones. Thereby, the variation of the porosity was achieved by using different mixing ratios of polyurethane foam and hardener. Furthermore, the modal damping parameters were determined from the measurement of animal bones. The measurement time was optimized during the practical implementation of the parameter determination to minimize the influence of drying and decomposition processes on the measurement results. © 2019 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston.

关键词： Structural dynamics

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Ethanol Exposure Duration Effects on Soft Tissue Biomechanics

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Werner, Michael Drossel, Welf-Guntram Löffler, Sabine Hammer, Niels Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Dresden Germany Institute of Anatomy University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy Gottfried Schatz Research Center Medical University of Graz Graz Austria Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany Department of Anatomy University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand

When conducting biomechanical testing or clinical training using embalmed human soft tissues, it is essential to understand their impact on biomechanical properties and their time dependence. Previous studies have investigated this influence, but specific variations over different embalming durations have not been thoroughly addressed to ***-seven human iliotibial band specimens were obtained from nine donors. All specimens were embalmed in ethanol-glycerin for varying durations: one day, eight days, and fourteen days. Prior to the mechanical trials, the specimens underwent osmotic water adjustment, tapering and standardized clamping. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted to determine elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and ultimate strain. Surface strain measurements were performed using a digital image correlation ***-glycerin embalming of soft tissues significantly affects ultimate strain after one day of submersion time, elastic modulus after eight days, and the ultimate tensile strength after fourteen days. For applications requiring consistent and reliable material properties reflecting a (supra-)vital state, caution is advised against using embalmed tissues even following short submersion durations in ethanol-glycerin. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tensile strength

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Characterization of the high-pressure suspension jet for efficient cutting and abrasive circularity

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CIRP Annals 2025年

作者： Morczinek, Florian Dix, Martin Wertheim, Rafael Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Technical University of Chemnitz Chemnitz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Chemnitz Germany Braude College of Engineering Karmiel Israel

To optimize the workpiece removal process and maximize the fraction of reusable abrasive particles, it is necessary to ascertain the characteristics of the high-pressure suspension jet process, including the kinetic energy of the particles in the jet. In this study, the particle velocity and the change in their size were measured and analyzed. It was found that due to breakage the average particle size decreases by up to 35 % during the acceleration process in the nozzle. The results showed that the particle size has insignificant influence on particle velocity, while the kinetic energy of an average particle decreased by up to 72 %. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Kinetic energy

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Evaluation of augmented reality supported approaches for product design and production processes 8

Evaluation of augmented reality supported approaches for pro...

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8th CIRP Conference of Assembly technology and Systems, CATS 2020

作者： Schumann, Marco Fuchs, Christian Kollatsch, Christian Klimant, Philipp Institute for Machine Tools and Production Processes Chemnitz University of Technology Reichenhainer Straße 70 Chemnitz09126 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology Reichenhainer Straße 88 Chemnitz09126 Germany

Augmented Reality (AR) has been a focus of research in the field of production for many years with the goal to improve e.g. monitoring and maintenance processes. Although the benefits have been well researched, the AR technology has not been widespread yet in the industry. This article discusses reasons why existing approaches have not become established outside the research context. Following this, solutions are examined for three identified problematic areas. First, this article presents a theoretical method to create use cases for AR applications in the product design process based on the Double Diamond design process model. The second main part discusses which device properties are relevant for a production environment. A catalogue of criteria is presented, weighting properties according to their importance. Third, a discussion is described regarding data integration concepts, problems and solutions for AR design and production use cases. © 2020 The Author(s).

关键词： Augmented reality

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