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Evaluation Model for Mobility design of Learning Factories

Procedia CIRP 2020年 91卷 659-664页

作者： Natalie Petrusch Wolf Schliephack Holger Kohl Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany

Shortening product life cycles and increasing, global competition lead to the necessity for companies to become flexible and able to change. The successful conduction of change projects depends to a large extent on the understanding and cooperation of the operating people. The acquisition of knowledge and thus of competence at all levels is of fundamental importance for this. Learning Factories are one of the most sustainable concepts in this respect. Concerning the industrial application, however, Learning Factories require high investment costs and are relatively inflexible in respect to their dedicated facilities and their learning content. This reveals a connection between the success of a Learning Factory in an industrial context and its mobility. In order to be able to evaluate approaches towards the mobility design of Learning Factories more precisely, the decisive drivers for mobility are identified. The assessment of these drivers with regard to the extent of influence on mobility, but also the critical consideration of possible limits, lead to an evaluation model for the mobility design of Learning Factories. Subsequently, this model is tested by applying it to a successfully operating Learning Factory.

关键词： Learning Factories Lean production systems Lean Management mobility evaluation

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Enterprise Interoperability VII: Enterprise Interoperability in the Digitized and Networked Factory of the Future

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2018年

作者： Kai Mertins Ricardo Jardim-Gonalves Keith Popplewell Joo P Mendona

ISBN: (纸本)9783319809281

A concise reference to the state of the art in systems interoperability, Enterprise Interoperability VII will be of great value to engineers and computer scientists working in manufacturing and other process industries and to software engineers and electronic and manufacturing engineers working in the academic environment. Furthermore, it shows how knowledge of the meaning within information and the use to which it will be put have to be held in common between enterprises for consistent and efficient inter-enterprise networks. Over 30 papers, ranging from academic research through case studies to industrial and administrative experience of interoperability show how, in a scenario of globalised markets, where the capacity to cooperate with other organizations efficiently is essential in order to remain economically, socially and environmentally cost-effective, the most innovative digitized and networkedenterprises ensure that their systems and applications are able to interoperate across heterogeneous collaborative networks of independent organizations. This goal of interoperability is essential, not only from the perspective of the individual enterprise but also in the business structures that are now emerging, such as complex collaborating networks of suppliers and customers, virtual enterprises, interconnected organisations or extended enterprises, as well as in mergers and acquisitions. Establishing efficient and relevant collaborative situations requires the management of interoperability from a dynamic point of view: a relevant and efficient collaboration of organizations may require adaptation to remain in line with changing objectives, evolving resources, unexpected events, etc. Many of the papers contained in this, the eighth volume of Proceedings of the I-ESA Conferences have examples and illustrations calculated to deepen understanding and generate new ideas. The I-ESA16 Conference from which this book is drawn was organized by the Escola de Engenharia da

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Application of additive manufactured tungsten carbide-cobalt electrodes with interior flushing channels in S-EDM

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Procedia CIRP 2020年 95卷 460-465页

作者： Eckart Uhlmann Julian Polte Robert Bolz Sami Yabroudi Jan Streckenbach André Bergmann Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstrasse 8-9 Berlin 10587 Germany Technische Universität Berlin Chair of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Technology Pascalstrasse 8-9 Berlin 10587 Germany

Application fields of electrical discharge machining (EDM) are limited due to given process conditions. Manufacturing of parts with high aspect ratios and the application of multi-axis machining are limited due to process instabilities caused by removed particles. A promising approach to improve EDM process conditions, especially in sinking EDM (S-EDM), is the utilization of flushing channels in the tool electrode. However, with increasing complexity of the tool electrode geometry and the local integration of these flushing channels, conventional tool electrode manufacturing by cutting is limited. In contrast to that, the machining process selective laser melting (SLM) does not have such limitations. The appropriate integration of flushing channels, even for complex electrode geometries, improves process conditions during EDM in a variety of applications. This leads to a higher material removal rate and reduced tool wear compared to machining without flushing. Additionally, the number of required tool electrodes can be reduced, as SLM enables an efficient integration and miniaturization of all features in a single electrode. Because of its wear resistance and stability, tungsten carbide is an ideal tool electrode material, which is commonly applied in drilling EDM. After identifying suitable process parameters for roughing EDM with additively manufactured tungsten carbide cobalt tool electrodes, different forms of flushing channels were analysed in order to establish a fast process with minimum tool electrode wear. The results concerning material removal rate and the relative tool wear could be improved by applying internal flushing, though the tool wear stayed at a worse level compared to conventional tool electrode materials.

关键词： EDM SLM additive manufacturing tungsten carbide-cobalt tool electrode

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Registration of pre- and postoperative surface scans for pediatric neurosurgery

Registration of pre- and postoperative surface scans for ped...

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作者： Katanacho, Manuel Lack, John-Certus Fehlhaber, Felix Krüger, Jörg Fraunhofer Institute Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstrasse 8 - 9 Berlin Germany

A software for automatic registration and differential visualization of pre- and postoperative surface scans for use in pediatric neurosurgery is developed and implemented. The core operations of the registration include an automatic head extraction, a rough registration by aligning the main axes, a depth map-based registration for robust determination and registration of feature points in the facial area, and a fine registration. A graphical user interface is implemented for the difference visualization and program control. © 2018 Manuel Katanacho et al.

关键词： Graphical user interfaces

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Notch impact toughness of laser beam welded thick sheets of cryogenic nickel alloyed steel X8Ni9 11

Notch impact toughness of laser beam welded thick sheets of ...

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11th CIRP Conference on Photonic Technologies, LANE 2020

作者： Gook, S. Krieger, S. Gumenyuk, A. El-Batahgy, A.M. Rethmeier, M. Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstraße 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing BAM Unter den Eichen 87 Berlin12205 Germany Central Metallurgical R and D Institute CMRDI P. O. Box: 87 Helwan El-Tabbin Cairo Egypt Institut für Werkzeugmaschinen und Fabrikbetrieb IWF Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 Berlin10623 Germany

The paper deals with the investigations of the impact toughness of laser beam welded 14.5 mm thick sheets made of cryogenic steel X8Ni9 as a function of preheating. This 9% nickel alloyed steel is widely used in the liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry. An application of highly efficient welding processes such as high-power laser beam welding (LBW) in LNG sector requires an understanding of the interactions between the LBW process parameters and weld properties, in particular the impact toughness. The results show that the original fine-grained martensitic microstructure of the base metal (BM) is significantly changed by melting and crystallization during the LBW, what can lead to a decrease in the impact toughness of the weld metal (WM) below the required level. An optimal preheating temperature range leads to the favorable thermal welding cycle and is of remarkable importance for maintaining the notch impact toughness of laser beam welded joints of these thick steel sheets. A parameter window was identified in which V-notch impact toughness comparable to that of the BM at -196 °C was achieved. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Microstructure

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4 th Industrial Revolution design Through Lean Foundation

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Procedia CIRP 2020年 91卷 306-311页

作者： Nathaniel Davis Aziz Companiwala Bernd Muschard Natalie Petrusch M.Sc Student Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK) Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany

Industry 4.0 was introduced with the hope of transitioning to the next industrial revolution. I4.0 is a vision of increasing flexibility and efficiency within a system of low complexity. Despite this intention, Industry 4.0 has required users to understand complex information and communication systems, limiting usability and therefore not necessarily satisfying the original vision. However, application of principles from the Lean production systems originally developed in the 1930’s in combination with Industry 4.0, may help to reach its desired goals. Through a literature review, this paper discusses the current state of art of Industry 4.0 and some Lean production systems principles. The paper focuses on a model combining Lean production systems with Industry 4.0, that was created in response to the shortcomings of the anticipated industrial revolution. With a Lean production System as a foundation, the six design principles of I4.0 of interoperability, virtualization, decentralization, real-time capability, service orientation, and modularity can be better implemented to reach the vision of highly flexible and low complexity systems. In return, horizontal and vertical integration within Industry 4.0 can support and accelerate Lean principles by reducing human error and increasing intercommunications between the systems, resulting in a productive integration. The specific principles of Lean that could boost Industry 4.0 will be discussed, demonstrating why a company should be Lean, meaning value adding processes and stakeholder orientation are at its core.

关键词： Lean production systems Industry 4.0 Transparency Interoperability Decentralization Stakeholder Orientation

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Fundamental research of applying tungsten carbide-cobalt as tool electrode material for sinking EDM

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Procedia CIRP 2020年 95卷 466-470页

作者： Eckart Uhlmann Mitchel Polte Robert Bolz Julian Börnstein Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstrasse 8-9 Berlin 10587 Germany Technische Universität Berlin Chair of Machine Tools and Manufacturing Technology Pascalstrasse 8-9 Berlin 10587 Germany

The manufacturing process milling is limited in machining specific geometries like inner contours with sharp edges, high aspect ratios or defined radii. Sinking EDM (S-EDM) is an appropriate process to machine complex features if the negative geometry is machinable. The tool electrode wear is a critical factor, because it affects machining accuracy and process efficiency. The tool electrode wear depends on S-EDM processing parameters, the geometry and material of the tool electrode. The material tungsten carbide-cobalt owns suitable thermophysical properties for the application as tool electrode material in EDM. Most applications of tungsten carbide-cobalt in EDM are limited to EDM drilling processes, where tungsten carbide tube electrodes are widely used. The advancements in milling of hard materials enable an economic manufacturing of tungsten carbide-cobalt form electrodes for sinking EDM applications. However, it is not investigated which composition of the material tungsten carbide-cobalt is the most appropriate for the application as tool electrode material in S-EDM. Additionally, there are no suitable EDM process parameters in order to benefit from the material characteristics of the respective tungsten carbide-cobalt. Focus of this work is the analysis of different tungsten carbide grades regarding the average grain size and the cobalt content in order to identify correlations between the material characteristics and the EDM process results. Therefore, eight different tungsten carbide grades with four different grain sizes and five different cobalt contents were applied in S-EDM experimental analysis. The experimental studies showed a general suitability of tungsten carbide-cobalt tool electrodes for EDM-processing, where the material removal rate is comparable to commonly used tool electrode materials. Nevertheless, the relative tool wear shows inferior results. It could be observed that higher cobalt content and coarser grain size of the applied tungsten c

关键词： EDM tungsten carbide-cobalt tool electrode

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Towards Individualized production with Flexible Shopfloor IT based on Distributed OPC UA Services

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2021年第1期1140卷

作者： Tobias Wolff Axel Vick Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstraße 8-9 Berlin GER

Nowadays, manufacturers face the problems to adjust their production according to the fast-changing global competition. Car manufacturers, for example, are in front of a new era of individual mobility. They need to switch from combustion engines to electric drives. In general, manufacturers have to develop production strategies to lower set up time and meet requirements faster. The classical production line is most effective if the product variety is low and the lot size is high but facing the rapid growing demand for individualized products and fast-changing requirements, manufacturers must discover new ways of manufacturing. One possibility is the flexible shopfloor. In this work, we will present our concept of a flexible shopfloor IT for controlling a robotic demonstrator. We use OPC UA over TSN as a platform for communication and CODESYS as Soft SPS for the control of sensors and actuators. In order to create valid data for ongoing discussions we use function point analysis and counting lines of sourcecode to measure software size. Our expectation is that the initial effort for implementing a flexible shopfloor IT is higher compared to the classic approach, but for all the following implementation it will take less time, because of the possibility of reuse already developed systems.

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Sustainable engineering master module - Insights from three cohorts of European engineering team

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International Journal of Sustainable Manufacturing 2020年第2-4期4卷 413-432页

作者： Gladysz, Bartlomiej Urgo, Marcello Stock, Tim Haskins, Cecilia Sieckmann, Felix Jarzebowska, Elzbieta Kohl, Holger Strandhagen, Jan Ola Tollio, Tulio Faculty of Production Engineering Warsaw University of Technology ul. Narbutta 85 Warsaw02-524 Poland Mechanical Engineering Department Politecnico di Milano via La Masa 1 Milan20156 Italy Chair for Sustainable Corporate Development Technical University of Berlin Pascalstr. 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology S.P. Andersens vei 5 Trondheim7491 Norway Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstr. 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering Warsaw University of Technology ul. Nowowiejska 24 Warsaw00-665 Poland

Mobility and transnational migration are current social developments among the population of the European Union. These developments in both society-at-large and companies, linked to the challenges of sustainability, lead to new requirements for working in the European Union. Teaching and learning in higher education needs to adapt to these requirements. As a result, new and innovative teaching and learning practices in higher education should provide competencies for transnational teamwork in the curriculum of tomorrow's engineers in order to ensure their competitiveness in the job market. A transnational project-oriented teaching and learning framework, which provides the future key competencies for young engineers was implemented in the course European Engineering Team (EET). Engineering students from four countries participated in a new project-based course that focused on the development of innovative and sustainable products and opportunities. The goal of this paper is to present results and lessons learnt from three cohorts of EET. © 2020 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Sustainable development

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Multilayer structure dependent performance behaviour of CVD diamond thin film drilling tools during CFRP machining

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Procedia CIRP 2020年 87卷 360-365页

作者： Eckart Uhlmann Daniel Hinzmann Walter Reimers Katrin Böttcher Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management (IWF) Technische Universität Berlin 10587 Berlin Germany Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK) 10587 Berlin Germany Metallic Materials (MW) Institute for Materials Science and Technologies Technische Universität Berlin 10587 Berlin Germany

The potential of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond coated tools in its application for machining lightweight materials, such as carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRPs), is currently limited to coating adhesion failure. Resulting spontaneous delamination and subsequent critical tool wear adversely affect the reproducibility of tool lifetime, process stability as well as machining quality. Although different morphologies and its variation of layer thicknesses on geometrically complex tools can be deposited, the interaction of coating and substrate determines the overall cutting tool strength. In addition, influencing factors on coating adhesion generated by the manufacturing process, such as tool substrate production and coating parameters, cause a high variance with regard to the cutting tool performance even within one tool batch. The scope of the presented investigation includes the application of varying CVD coated drilling tool specifications in order to analyse its performance regarding wear and process behaviour during machining of CFRP. Tool substrates ranging from tungsten carbide (WC) with varying cobalt content to silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) and silicon-aluminiumoxide nitride (SiALON) individually offer substrate material related tool failure conditions. Although Si 3 N 4 substrates show an increase in averaged machined boreholes compared to WC-based substrate materials by 52 %, occasional tool shank breakage indicates a lack of mechanical strength within this tool specification. In contrast, WC-based substrate materials show typical wear on the rake face until reaching the wear criterion. Thus, process reliability is limited either by spontaneous coating delamination regarding WC-based cutting tools or cutting tool shank failure concerning silcion-based substrates respectively. The resulting workpiece integrity, i. e. surface quality, suffers from coating delamination during machining whereby fibre protrusion as well as workpiece delamination is occ

关键词： Diamond coating drilling Fiber reinforced plastic

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