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16th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2016

作者： Uhlmann, E. Kühne, S. Jagodzinski, M. Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management IWF Technische Universität Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780956679086

The manufacturing of discontinuous micro-optical structures in the submicron range by shaping processes places high demands on the accuracy and reproducibility. With diffractive optical elements (DOE), the requirements can be in the nanometre range. Lithographic and mechanical procedures compete to achieve these requirements with a high variety of shapes. The mechanical production by ultra-precision machining (UPM) allows higher degrees of freedom and the manufacturing of optics with a higher efficiency. By comparison, lithographic processes ensure a reproducible accuracy. To eliminate this disadvantage, a further development of machine technology and process technology is necessary. For the mechanical production of planar diffractive optical structures, galvanic gold is an established material. In order to achieve the same results in structuring free-form surfaces on 5- Axis machines, the machine kinematics and the tool guide have to be reconsidered. The lower the number of axes involved, the higher is the achievable accuracy. However, this reduction leads to variable rake angles and thus to variable chipping conditions in the sagittal plane. In particular, high process forces due to negative rake angles are suspected to cause profile deformations. Therefore, the influence of the varying conditions on the surfaces in the production of discontinuous micro-optical structures (blazed gratings) was investigated. Process forces, roughness, profile shape and tool wear were considered to understand the interactions and the development process. The studied structures have a height of less than 100 nm. Since the manufacturing of diffractive optics requires very large processing times, the wear is of major importance. Due to the manufacturing process the wear takes on a specific form. It has been shown that the tool guidance has a huge impact on the results.

关键词： Manufacture

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Let's do this together: Bi-Manu-Interact, a novel device for studying human haptic interactive behavior

Let's do this together: Bi-Manu-Interact, a novel device for...

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IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR)

作者： Ekaterina Ivanova Axel Krause Marie Schälicke Franziska Schellhardt Natalie Jankowski Josy Achner Henning Schmidt Michael Joebges Jörg Krüger Rehabilitation Robotics Group Technical University of Berlin Berlin Germany Technical University of Berlin Berlin Germany Brandenburg Klinik Bernau Germany Rehabilitation Robotics Group Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK) Berlin Germany

Our area of interest is robotic-based rehabilitation after stroke, and our goal is to help patients achieve optimal motor learning during high-intensity repetitive movement training through the assistance of robots. It is important, that the robotic assistance is adapted to the patients' abilities, thereby ensuring that the device is only supporting the patient as necessary (“assist-as-needed”). We hypothesize that natural and learning-effective human-machine interaction can be achieved by programming the robot's control, so that it emulates how a physiotherapist adaptively supports the patients' limb movement during stroke rehabilitation. This paper introduces the design of a novel interactive device Bi-Manu-Interact. This device is suited to be used as an experimental setup for the investigation of haptic human-human interaction and for collecting data to model therapists' haptic behavior. In this paper, we present mechanical and sensory specifications as well as tasks visualizations for future investigations. Results of a pilot clinical evaluation of the Bi-Manu-Interact with nine stroke patients are also presented in this work.

关键词： Haptic interfaces Performance evaluation Medical treatment Sensors Rehabilitation robotics Training

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Maturity Model and Action Recommendation: A PSS Capability Self-Assessment Tool for Companies

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Procedia CIRP 2017年 64卷 175-180页

作者： Konrad Exner Raphael Zimpfer Rainer Stark Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany

The main idea in Product-Service systems (PSS) research is to provide solutions instead of products or services. Nevertheless, PSS comprise a broad variety of characteristics from product-oriented services, to use-oriented services and result-oriented services [1] . In industrial practice all of these dimension as well as intermediate stages are evidently realized. Additionally, trending topics like smart services, which can be described as the exploitation strategy from Industrie 4.0 [2] , also known as cyber-physical systems and Internet of Things, accelerate the interest in PSS. However, many companies’ in particular small and medium-sized enterprises just started realizing the potential and necessity to establish service thinking in order to stay competitive. These companies face considerable challenges regarding the transformation from an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) towards an Original Solution Provider (OSP) [3] . In a first step,companies need to assess their current situation and develop a strategy based on the desired target situation. For this reason, the authors developed a model combined with a self-assessment method which enables a basic analysis of the companies’ situation including action recommendations. The research results as well as the evaluation with a company are presented in this paper.

关键词： Product-Service systems maturity model self-assessment

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Proactive Maintenance as Success Factor for Use-Oriented Product-Service systems

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Procedia CIRP 2017年 64卷 330-335页

作者： Konrad Exner Christian Schnürmacher Sebastian Adolphy Rainer Stark Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany

In use-oriented Product-Service systems (PSS) the ownership of the product remains with the provider who is responsible for maintenance, repair and overhaul [1] . Thus the risk of machine unavailability is transferred from the customer towards the PSS provider. In order to minimize this risk the provider needs to reduce unscheduled downtimes to enhance machine availability. Hence proactive maintenance is an important success factor for providing this PSS type [2] . In practice, manufacturing equipment providers struggle to derive the required information for providing proactive maintenance from the existing data and thus potentials remain unused. One of the problems for many companies in this context is the missing knowhow for managing and analyzing this high amount of data. This issue is discussed in research and practice under the topic “Big Data” [3] . This paper focusses on discussing different approaches for data gathering, analysis and interpretation as well as associated challenges. Drivers and hindering factors are introduced and solution approaches are provided. These aspects are analyzed in a case study in collaboration with a material handling manufacturer which was conducted in one of the transfer projects of the Collaborative Research Center Transregio 29 which addressed the dynamic interdependencies of products and services in the production area.

关键词： Product-Service systems Proactive maintenance Data analysis

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Motion planning with motion primitives for industrial bin picking

Motion planning with motion primitives for industrial bin pi...

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International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Vojtech Vonasek Axel Vick Martin Saska Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague Czech Republic Automation Technology Division Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Berlin Germany

In the bin picking problem, the task is to automatically unload objects from a container using a robotic manipulator. The task is often approached by organizing the objects into a predictable pattern, e.g., a workpiece carrier, in order to simplify all integral subtasks like object recognition, motion planning and grasping. In such a case, motion planning can even be solved offline as it is ensured that the objects are always at the same positions at known times. However, there is a growing demand for non-structured bin picking, where the objects can be placed randomly in the bins. This arises from recent trends of transforming classical factories into smart production facilities allowing small lot sizes at the efficiency of mass production. The demand for fast and highly flexible handling and manipulation abilities of industrial robots requires to solve all the bin picking methods, including motion planning, online. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for fast sampling-based motion planning of robotic manipulators using motion primitives. Motion primitives are short trajectories that boost search of the configuration space and consequently speed up the planning phase. The proposed work has been verified in a simulation and on a prototype of a bin picking system.

关键词： Planning Manipulators Trajectory Service robots Three-dimensional displays

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Full penetration hybrid laser arc welding of up to 28 mm thick S355 plates using electromagnetic weld pool support

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2018年第1期1109卷

作者： Ömer Üstündag Vjaceslav Avilov Andrey Gumenyuk Michael Rethmeier Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Germany Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Germany Institute of Machine Tools and Factory Management Technische Universität Berlin Germany

The laser hybrid welding process offers many advantages regarding deep penetration, increased welding velocity and with the help of the supplied filler wire an improved bridgeability to gap and misalignment tolerances. High power laser systems with a power of approx. 30 kW are already available on the market. Nevertheless, multi-layer technology with an arc process is still used for welding of plates from a thickness from 20 mm. A potential cause is the process instability with increasing laser power. It is inevitable that gravity drop-out due to the high hydrostatic pressure at increasing wall thickness especially at welding in flat position and with a low welding speed. The surface tension decreases with increasing root width resulting from low welding velocities. To prevent such inadmissible defects of the seam a use of weld pool support is required. Usual weld pool support systems such as ceramic or powder supports require a mechanical detachment which is time-consuming. The electromagnetic weld pool support system described in this work shows an alternative weld pool support which works contactless. It is based on generating Lorentz forces in the weld pool due to oscillating magnetic field and induced eddy currents. This innovative technology offers single pass welds up to 28 mm in flat position and reduced welding velocity with a laser power of just 19 kW. It also leads to improved mechanical-technological properties of the seams because of the slow cooling rate. With usage of an electromagnetic weld pool support the limitation of the hybrid laser arc welding process in the thick sheet metal will be extend.

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Data-driven business model a methodology to develop smart services

Data-driven business model a methodology to develop smart se...

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International Conference on Concurrent Enterprising

作者： Konrad Exner Rainer Stark Ji Yoon Kim Division of Virtual Product Creation Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Berlin Germany Chair of Industrial Information Technology Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany

The appearance of Industrie 4.0 also known as cyber-physical systems and internet of things enables a continuous creation of data based on intelligent facilities. It is assumed that data will be one of the main resources in the future. Nevertheless, data need to be transformed into valuable information and further systematically integrated into a value proposition. In order to develop these smart services a data-driven business model has to be developed and evaluated. For this reason, a literature review has been conducted to identify existing business model approaches in context of Industrie 4.0 and Product-Service systems. Based on the results of the review requirements for a new model and method have been defined and a data-driven business model including an extensive catalogue of key questions have been developed and applied with an industrial partner. The findings and results of the study are presented in this paper.

关键词： Industries Companies Data models Analytical models Data analysis Data visualization

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People are at the focus: Personal KM in an organizational context

People are at the focus: Personal KM in an organizational co...

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作者： Haunschild, Johanna Schmieg, Hans-Georg Steinhöfel, Erik Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Germany Technische Universität Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781911218029

The private sectors as well as public organizations have been actively dealt with the discipline of Knowledge Management (KM) and the appropriate methods, strategies and tools to compete in the market and to achieve organizational goals in this context (Pawlowsky et al. 2011, Salojärvi 2005). However, the focus of science in the area of KM is often limited to the organizational level and less attention has been paid to the individual level. The active engagement with one's own knowledge or with the gaps in the own knowledge is indispensable (Guretzky, 2004). So far, the literature that deals with this subject in an organizational context, considers mainly specific problems of organizations that can be solved by interventions at the individual level. Mostly personal KM is provided more reactive than proactive and so far rather unsystematic as systematically. For example, knowledge maps are mainly created when individual employees leave an organization and their knowledge should be transferred successors. The purpose of this paper is the representation of the current state of research including approaches and tools.

关键词： Knowledge management

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Surface reproduction accuracy of holographic design features for machine components fabricated by a combination of TiN-physical vapour deposition and a specific subsequent galvanic process 16

Surface reproduction accuracy of holographic design features...

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16th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2016

作者： Uhlmann, E. Oberschmidt, D. Frenzel, S. Polte, J. Matthiesen, J. Böge, M. Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management IWF Technische Universität Berlin Germany HoloDimensions GmbH Germany Gebr. Böge Metallveredelungs GmbH Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780956679086

Based on a combined plasma based and galvanic process, an ultra-hard surface structure embossing tool will be developed to stamp holographic design features for example in embossing roller for the print and packaging industry as well as dies for striking coins or machine components. The multilayer bond, respectively the mutual multilayer adhesion is investigated, discussed and supported by parameter studies and evaluated by adhesive tape tests. Comparative investigations pertaining to surface reproduction accuracy of holographic design features are carried out using arc evaporative physical vapour deposition (PVD) and magnetron sputtering. The physically deposited titanium nitride(TiN)-layers are compared by their particular layer composition quality, deposition rate N and layer adhesion. In summary, holographic structures can be replicated in hard coatings with high surface reproduction accuracy. In comparison to the Arc-PVD process, the highest accuracy can be reached by magnetron sputtering.

关键词： Titanium nitride

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Energy Efficient Usage of Industrial Robots for Machining Processes

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Procedia CIRP 2016年 48卷 206-211页

作者： Eckart Uhlmann Sascha Reinkober Tobias Hollerbach Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technologie IPK Pascalstr. 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany

Robot guided machining has a great potential to substitute or supplement machining with expensive machine tools as well as the inaccurate manual processing in industrial production systems. Beside the costs and quality, energy efficiency is one of the most relevant factors for the implementation of innovative and sustainable technologies. The fraunhofer institute for production systems and design technology ipk investigated the total energy performance of a milling robot system. As a result of this investigation, an energy balance of the system was created. In addition, application-specific cutting parameters, path strategies for an energy-optimized usage of the system were identified. These information allow energy-optimized path planning in CAM systems and can be implemented in energy management systems. The results can help to qualify the robot guided machining for new industrial fields.

关键词： Energy and Resource Efficiency and Effectivness Robot guided machining

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