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International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science, RCIS

作者： Mohamad Ajami Louisa Grabner Giovanni Giambene Van Le Doanh Luong John Pearson Automation Technology Fraunhofer-Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK) Berlin Germany Department of Information Engineering and Mathematical Sciences University of Siena Siena Italy Faculty of Computer Science University of Namur Namur Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9781479987115

This paper deals with the implementation of an online platform for Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI), which provides anticipatory and deliberative tools to address societal expectations with regard to resrarch and innovation and mobilises information technology tools for inclusive, responsive and sustainable research. In particular, we have developed a Forum, which is a Web-based application and service for stakeholders (members of the RRI community) to deliberate and discuss about RRI. Different interaction modalities are supported by the Forum, such as: `Caucus Process', Suggestion Board, Partnership Initiative, etc. A special attention is devoted to the Citizen Jury and Tacit Knowledge modules that represent innovative features of our Forum. The outcomes show that our online Forum represents an effective solution to address RRI issues by adopting e-Government and knowledge management approaches. This work was carried out as part of EU FP7 Responsibility project.

关键词： Rail to rail inputs Technological innovation Stakeholders Electronic mail Electronic government Knowledge management Computer science

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Machining of Hygroscopic Materials by High-pressure CO 2 Jet Cutting

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Procedia CIRP 2016年 48卷 57-61页

作者： Eckart Uhlmann Martin Bilz Johannes Mankiewicz Simon Motschmann Patrick John Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology (IPK) Pascalstraße 8-9 Berlin 10587 Germany Institut für Werkzeugmaschinen und Fabrikbetrieb (IWF) TU-Berlin Pascalstraße 8-9 Berlin 10587 Germany

Cutting with a high-pressure CO 2 jet has the potential for a dry and residue-free machining of hygroscopic materials. An experimental system for continuous CO 2 high-pressure jets at atmospheric conditions was developed. The high-pressure liquid CO 2 expands into atmospheric pressure after exiting the nozzle and changes to gas and particles and can be used for the machining of parts and surfaces. The investigations led to first expertises for the continuous jet cutting with high pressure CO 2 at atmospheric conditions with jet pressures of up to 3000 bar. Commercial blasting plants are not available yet and only research institutes hold prototypes and experimental systems. During the technological examinations the mass flow and impulse forces of CO 2 and high-pressure water jets were determined and compared experimentally. Identical cutting tests were carried out with polyurethane. Principal similarities are shown in the produced cutting surfaces and grooves of both processes. The experiments indicated that the effects of the individual blasting parameters are identical to the impulse force and groove depth for both processes. The high-pressure CO 2 jet offers a dry and residue-free machining of hygroscopic materials. The process can be integrated decentralized and directly into production lines. According to the current knowledge, the limitation for the cutting of materials, depending on the thickness of the workpiece, is a maximum hardness of 60 Shore D at a maximum density of 600 g/cm 3 . Thus, the process is currently limited to the processing of synthetic and natural materials.

关键词： Cutting Machine tool Manufacturing

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Distributed real-time control service framework for human-robot interaction applications

Distributed real-time control service framework for human-ro...

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International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Carsten A. Niebuhr Axel Vick Automation Technology Devision Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Berlin Germany Department of Industrial Automation Technology Technische Universität Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781509013159

The fourth industrial revolution has called forth a transformation of how factories and their internal and external components and processes should integrate with each other. The need for fully connected cyber-physical systems is imperative to this vision. In the context of human-robot interaction this creates new exciting possibilities, but also creates challenges at the same time. The real-time requirements of robot control systems, to allow for safe and effective manipulation, have to be given serious consideration. This work develops a concept for a network service framework, which creates a distributed communication graph between systems. Using pre-existing tightly nit components in robot control and human-robot interaction application architecture, a modularized approach is developed, where in components are split up into self-contained units, if possible. The framework was developed in C++ using ZeroMQ, for message passing, and Protocol Buffers for data serialization and deserialization, and, in particular, shows promising behaviour concerning real-time performance.

关键词： Robot sensing systems Service robots Human-robot interaction Collision avoidance Robot kinematics

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Model predictive control as a service — Concept and architecture for use in cloud-based robot control

Model predictive control as a service — Concept and archite...

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International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR)

作者： Axel Vick Jan Guhl Jorg Krüger Department of Industrial Automation Technology Technische Universität Berlin Germany Automation Technology Devision Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Berlin Germany

This paper presents the concept and architecture of a model predictive feedback control system to be used for compensating communication delays in networked industrial robot control. This approach follows the ideas given by the paradigms of Industrie 4.0 that demand for highly networked production devices and functions on different machine layers and IT hierarchy levels. We push the concept of fully outsourced control systems to a point, where even real-time critical feedback processes are driven from cloud-based services over uncertain public networks.

关键词： Cloud computing Service robots Robot control Feedback control Servers Computer architecture

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Situation Adapted Field Service Support Using Business Process Models and ICT Based Human-Machine-Interaction

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Procedia CIRP 2016年 47卷 240-245页

作者： Eckart Uhlmann Claudio Geisert Niels Raue Christian Gabriel Fraunhofer Institute for Productions Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstraße 8 – 9 10587 Berlin Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management Technical University Berlin Pascalstraße 8 – 9 10587 Berlin Germany

The use of conventional service manuals is still common among service technicians during on-site support. If problems occur during the service process, service technicians have to analyze the situation and react accordingly. Problem analysis is subject to uncertainty in time, because the optimal course of action strongly depends on the current situation. Therefore, intelligent situation adapted support is needed to replace static guidance. This article describes a concept for the generation of interactive and situation adapted service instructions that are dynamically derived from a service process model. After a brief introduction to on-site service support, the article describes in detail how service processes can be modelled by using the method of Integrated Enterprise Modeling (IEM). Subsequently, it shows how and in which phases automated test routines can be used to support the service process, followed by a critical discussion of possible information and communication technology (ICT) architectures to implement human-machine-interaction. The concept includes an ICT-based approach for human-machine-interaction to trigger test routines on the machine to receive information about the condition of the machine. For Industrial Product-Service systems (IPS 2 ), the presented approach offers several benefits compared to existing approaches. These include the ability of tracking and influencing service processes as well as the simple adaption of new IPS 2 modules in case of changing business models or customer requirements. The article concludes giving a specific scenario and an outlook on future research to be done.

关键词： Service Diagnosis Human-Machine-Interaction ICT Industrial Product-Service systems

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Innovation in Product-Service System Engineering Based on Early Customer Integration and Prototyping

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Procedia CIRP 2016年 47卷 30-35页

作者： Konrad Exner Thomas Damerau Rainer Stark Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstraße 8-9 10587 Berlin Germany

Product-Service systems (PSS) enhance product-centered offers with services and infrastructure in order to provide customer-oriented solutions. These new concepts enable companies to innovate their portfolio, thus supporting creative and adaptable solutions [1] . One of the major challenges is the integrated development of both tangible products and intangible services in respect to their interdependencies. For this reason researchers proposed a versatile set of methods and tools regarding the development of PSS. Nevertheless, two discrepancies can be stated: Firstly, prototyping has been studied inadequately in PSS research so far. For this reason Exner et al. proposed new approaches to fill this gap [2] , including remarks to further proceed research with different degrees of technological utilization. Secondly, although customer-orientation and customer integration has been recognized as crucial for PSS, the involvement of clients or consumers in the design process is often disregarded. Consequently, this paper presents an extensive literature research regarding active customer integration and prototyping in PSS design processes. Based on these insights a concept for a new PSS prototyping approach is introduced. The method focuses on PSS concept development including the integration of the customer to evaluate and develop the concepts with intuitive touch technologies.

关键词： Product-Service systems PSS prototyping design customer integration innovation

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Two-axis vibration system for targeted influencing of micro-milling 15

Two-axis vibration system for targeted influencing of micro-...

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15th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2015

作者： Uhlmann, E. Perfilov, I. Oberschmidt, D. Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management IWF Technische Universität Berlin Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780956679079

Micro milling is a well-established manufacturing process for mould and die industry, which gains an increasing scope of usage for medical and biotechnical components and applications. Apart from manufacturing of microsystems, micro milling is also being applied for production of function-oriented surfaces, which improves the component functionality. The influence on surface topography and surface roughness in the process of micro milling can be achieved by means of targeted high-frequency vibration of a workpiece. There was developed a system to perform vibration assisted micro milling, which excites a workpiece in two directions horizontally to the spindle axis. For exploring of vibration assisted micro milling there was developed a system which excites the high-frequency vibration of a workpiece in two directions horizontally to the spindle axis. Frequency, amplitude and phase shift of the oscillation are controlled in accordance to the rotational angle of the machine tool spindle. Therefore, a closed loop control of a workpiece actuation considering the actual spindle speed is implemented. The system enables 2 DOF vibration assisted milling up to f = 10 kHz with a maximum amplitude of a = 7,5 μm. With usage of necessary industrial hardware vibration assisted micro milling offers a new and fast way of process optimization and surface structuring. This paper presents detailed information on the device for vibration assisted micro milling and the results of the milling tests in order to show the high potential for further research activities in the area.

关键词： Milling (machining)

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New machine tool concept for two-side ultra-precision machining 15

New machine tool concept for two-side ultra-precision machin...

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15th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2015

作者： Uhlmann, E. Oberschmidt, D. Polte, J. Polte, M. Guhde, S. Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management IWF Technische Universität Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780956679079

The requirements regarding workpiece surface quality, geometrical and positional accuracy as well as tolerances for linear and angular dimensions are increasing. Furthermore, the machine technology limits and defines the manufacturing quality directly. Hence, the fraunhofer institute FOR production systems AND design technology ipk AND THE institute FOR MACHINE TOOLS AND FACTORY MANAGEMENT IWF of the TU Berlin have developed a new machine tool concept for ultra-precision machining. This enables two-side machining of the front surfaces of optical elements. The concept aims at increasing the economic efficiency of ultra-precision machining.

关键词： Machine tools

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Cutting of steel X13NiMnCuAl4-2-1-1 with micro milling tools using a defined cutting edge preparation 15

Cutting of steel X13NiMnCuAl4-2-1-1 with micro milling tools...

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15th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2015

作者： Uhlmann, E. Oberschmidt, D. Loewenstein, A. Kuche, Y. Winker, I. Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Germany Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management IWF Technische Universität Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780956679079

An approach to improve the wear behaviour of micro milling tools is a defined cutting edge preparation applying immersed tumbling. In experimental investigations a 3-axes machine tool is used to analyze the influence of the wear behaviour of prepared micro milling tools with diameters D = 0.2 mm made of cemented carbide. During machining of steel X13NiMnCuAl4-2-1-1 the process behaviour is analyzed, the cutting forces Fc in the milling process are examined and the surface roughness of the workpiece is measured.

关键词： Milling (machining)

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Comparative Analysis of Dry-EDM and Conventional EDM for the Manufacturing of Micro Holes in Si 3 N 4 -TiN

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Procedia CIRP 2016年 42卷 173-178页

作者： Eckart Uhlmann Tassilo-Maria Schimmelpfennig Ivan Perfilov Jan Streckenbach Luiz Schweitzer Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology Pascalstrasse 8-9 Berlin 10587 Germany Institute for Machine Tool and Factory Management Technische Universität Berlin Pascalstrasse 8-9 Berlin 10587 Germany

The importance of Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) process is increasing, especially for the machining of electric conductive ceramic materials within the field of micro production technology. Due to its thermal working principle, EDM is particularly suitable because it allows almost force free machining independent of the material's mechanical properties [1] . High aspect ratios and precise micro holes with diameters D ≤ 0.3 mm leads manufactures to more complex processes, which reduce the flushing in the working gap and therefore the stability of the process. Enabling the increase of flushing by gaseous dielectrics, dry-EDM technology represents an alternative solution. This paper presents a comparative analysis of dry-EDM with two different gases as dielectric (oxygen and argon) and conventional EDM (deionized water) to manufacture micro holes in Si 3 N 4 -TiN ceramic. The results show that the axis displacement y, voltage u 0 , and current i L differ for the processes. It can be observed that dry-EDM has higher effective pulse frequency f e and shorter relative motions between workpiece and tool electrode than the conventional EDM process [2] . The differences observed in the discharge flow and relative motions between workpiece and tool electrode are related to the dielectric fluid properties. As for example, deionized water as a dielectric has a higher viscosity η wa = 89·10 -5 Pa·s than oxygen η o2 = 2,1·10 -5 Pa·s and argon η ar = 2,3·10 -5 Pa·s. Thus, with the same flushing pressure of p = 80 bar it is possible to achieve higher flow speed for faster removal of particles in dry-EDM. Furthermore, deionized water has a higher breakdown resistance E D_wa = 650 kV/cm than oxygen E D_o2 = 29 kV/cm and argon E D_ar = 6,5 kV/cm. The better flushing condition enables the increase of the effective pulse frequency f e for oxygen and a decrease of the electrode relative wear ϑ.

关键词： dry-EDM micro EDM precise micro holes ceramic material

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