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Enabling Data-Driven Nursing Innovations: User-centered Development of a Nursing Data Module

Current Directions in Biomedical engineering 2023年第1期9卷 339-342页

作者： Warnecke, Maren Holle, Daniela Burmann, Anja Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST Speicherstrasse 6 Dortmund Germany HS Gesundheit Bochum Bochum Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST Dortmund Germany

The documentation landscape for nursing care data in Germany is predominantly heterogeneous and unstructured. Therefore, insightful methods such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) are difficult to implement. We propose a stepwiseapproach that identifies relevant information from nursing theory and practice and maps it to a standardized nursing core data set to enable data-based improvement of nursing care. This can be used for various use-cases in care, such as risk detection and prevention in diverse care contexts. Many care processes can benefit of a cross-facility and standardized repository and associated applications. We propose an approach that enables the use of AI while leveraging consensus and evidenced-based expert knowledge from nursing science. © 2023 the author(s), published by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston.

关键词： Nursing

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Design Features for Data Trustee Selection in Data Spaces 13

Design Features for Data Trustee Selection in Data Spaces

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13th International Conference on Data Science, Technology and Applications, DATA 2024

作者： Steinert, Michael Tebernum, Daniel Hupperz, Marius Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST Dortmund Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9789897587078

As the world becomes increasingly digital, data is becoming a critical resource. When used effectively, it can lead to more accurate forecasts, process optimization, and the creation of innovative business models. The necessary data is often distributed across multiple organizations, and its full value can only be realized through shared collaboration. Data spaces provide organizations with a platform for sovereign and secure data sharing. To enable legally secure data sharing and ensure compliance with regulations, data trustees play a critical role as trusted intermediaries. However, choosing a suitable data trustee that meets the needs of the participants who want to share data with each other is difficult. Our study seeks to elucidate the process by which participants of a data space can choose an appropriate data trustee. To this purpose, we have implemented a whitelist approach. We report on the results of our design science research project, which includes design features to facilitate the integration of our whitelist approach into different data space instantiations. Potential shortcomings were identified and addressed during an expert workshop. By providing verified design knowledge, we help practitioners in the data space community to incorporate the concept of how to select the most appropriate data trustee. © 2024 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda.

关键词： Data consistency

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WIP: An Engaging Undergraduate Intro to Model Checking in software engineering Using TLA+ 54

WIP: An Engaging Undergraduate Intro to Model Checking in So...

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54th IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE 2024

作者： Läufer, Konstantin Mertin, Gunda Thiruvathukal, George K. Loyola University Software and Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science Chicago United States Institute for Software Engineering and Programming Languages University of Lübeck Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351507

Background: In this Innovative Practice Work in Progress, we present our initial efforts to integrate formal methods, with a focus on model-checking specifications written in Temporal Logic of Actions (TLA+), into computer science education, targeting undergraduate juniors/seniors and graduate students. Many safety-critical systems and services crucially depend on correct and reliable behavior. Formal methods can play a key role in ensuring correct and safe system behavior, yet remain underutilized in educational and industry contexts. Aims: We aim to (1) qualitatively assess the state of formal methods in computer science programs, (2) construct level-appropriate examples that could be included midway into one's undergraduate studies, (3) demonstrate how to address successive 'failuresy' through progressively stringent safety and liveness requirements, and (4) establish an ongoing framework for assessing interest and relevance among students. Methods: We detail our pedagogical strategy for embedding TLA+ into an intermediate course on formal methods at our institution. After starting with a refresher on mathematical logic, students specify the rules of simple puzzles in TLA+ and use its included model checker (known as TLC) to find a solution. We gradually escalate to more complex, dynamic, event-driven systems, such as the control logic of a microwave oven, where students will study safety and liveness requirements. We subsequently discuss explicit concurrency, along with thread safety and deadlock avoidance, by modeling bounded counters and buffers. Results: Our initial findings suggest that through careful curricular design and choice of examples and tools, it is possible to inspire and cultivate a new generation of software engineers proficient in formal methods. Conclusions: Our initial efforts suggest that 84% of our students had a positive experience in our formal methods course. Our future plans include a longitudinal analysis within our own institution and

关键词： Students

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Reliable and Content-specific Support for Keyword Selection through AI and Statistics Characterising Educational Content with Large Language Models & Agreement Analyses

Reliable and Content-specific Support for Keyword Selection ...

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作者： Strube, Tom Nowak, Tom Pokotylo, Mariia Kuhlenkötter, Bernd Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering Dortmund Germany Ruhr University Bochum Bochum Germany

Due to the recent popularity and availability of Large Language Models (LLMs), creators of educational materials can more efficiently extract keywords for use in personalised learning recommendations than ever before. However, due to the LLMs' probabalistic nature, the automation of the otherwise labour-intense keyword extraction inherits the risk of biased and non-explainable results. In this research, we present an original framework to enhance keyword selection based on content title and description through a novel, reliability-sensitive, keyword selection algorithm. For this, we collected 38 potential keywords (together with their definitions) for five topics on dementia care from previous studies, together with two contents per topic. To assess the new method's support in extracting keywords, we then prompted 5 human experts and 3 LLMs (using Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) for the keyword definitions) to select keywords to include and exclude for each content. Using Krippendorf's a metric, we then were able to adapt to the present agreement, and to reliably select keyword sets for inclusion and exclusion for each content individually. Last, we compared these LLM-based keyword sets with those selected by humans to assess the impact of the adaptive keyword selection algorithm. Overall, the results suggest that LLMs generally struggle with the task (66% of extraction attempts either contained hallucinated or did not return any keywords), and topic-wise internal agreement is low (a=0.59 (0.42) for model 3 (using RAG) on average;α=0.68 for human raters). Due to this, the reliable keyword selection resulted in a median set of 6|27 keywords for inclusion|exclusion per topic, with many of those keywords being within the benchmark keyword sets selected by human raters. To conclude, this approach shows effective in adapting to different levels of agreement in extracting keywords. © 2024 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston.

关键词： Reliability analysis

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Enabling Data-Driven Nursing Innovations: User-centered Development of a Nursing Data Module

Enabling Data-Driven Nursing Innovations: User-centered Deve...

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关键词： Nursing

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Towards LLM-augmented Situation Space Analysis for the Hazard and Risk Assessment of Automotive systems

Towards LLM-augmented Situation Space Analysis for the Hazar...

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2024 Lock-in or log out? Wie digitale Souveranitat gelingt, INFORMATIK 2024

作者： Hillen, Daniel Helten, Catharina Reich, Jan Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering Safety Engineering Fraunhofer Platz 1 Kaiserslautern67663 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783885797463

The hazard analysis and risk assessment (HARA) is a fundamental artifact of safety engineering that requires substantial effort from experienced engineers to conform to standards. The cost combined with today’s shortage of trained personnel demands technical solutions to reduce these efforts. Recent advances in generative AI provide new opportunities to support engineers with complex and creative tasks such as the HARA that require knowledge of the system and the environment. However, for now, the results provided by large language models are not reliable enough for safety artifacts so human engineers must review and approve them. In our study, we present a tool to create a HARA based on human-AI cooperation. Our goal is to keep human engineers involved in each decision and guide them by providing arguments, examples, and assessment proposals. In our case study, the engineers benefit from the additional reasonings and proposed assessments of the AI tool. © 2024 Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI). All rights reserved.

关键词： Hazards

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Categorizing methods for integrating machine learning with executable specifications

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 5-19页

作者： David HAREL Raz YERUSHALMI Assaf MARRON Achiya ELYASAF Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics Weizmann Institute of Science Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

Deep learning(DL),which includes deep reinforcement learning(DRL),holds great promise for carrying out real-world tasks that human minds seem to cope with quite *** promise is already delivering extremely impressive results in a variety of ***,while DL-enabled systems achieve excellent performance,they are far from *** has been demonstrated,in several domains,that DL systems can err when they encounter cases they had not hitherto ***,the opacity of the produced agents makes it difficult to explain their behavior and ensure that they adhere to various requirements posed by human *** the other end of the software development spectrum of methods,behavioral programming(BP) facilitates orderly system development using self-standing executable modules aligned with how humans intuitively describe desired system *** this paper,we elaborate on different approaches for combining DRL with BP and,more generally,machine learning(ML) with executable specifications(ES).We begin by defining a framework for studying the various approaches,which can also be used to study new emerging approaches not covered *** then briefly review state-of-the-art approaches to integrating ML with ES,continue with a focus on DRL,and then present the merits of integrating ML with *** conclude with guidelines on how this categorization can be used in decision making in system development,and outline future research challenges.

关键词： machine learning artificial intelligence grey box learning domain knowledge rules behavioral programming deep reinforcement learning survey

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Supporting Changes in Digital Ownership and Data Sovereignty Across the Automotive Value Chain with Catena-X 6

Supporting Changes in Digital Ownership and Data Sovereignty...

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6th International Conference on Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing, ISM 2024

作者： Manoury, Marvin Riedelsheimer, Theresa Hellmeier, Malte Meyer, Tom Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology IPK Pascalstrasse 8-9 Berlin10587 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST Speicherstraße 6 Dortmund44147 Germany

Considering the concept of a Circular Economy, which entails several life cycles of, e.g., vehicles, their components, and materials, it is important to investigate how the respective Digital Twins are managed over the lifecycle of their physical assets. This publication presents and compares three approaches for managing Digital Twins in industrial use cases. For the aggregation of these approaches, a user-centered design approach has been used in the research project Catena-X which focuses on the automotive industry. The results are analyzed qualitatively based on aspects such as data ownership and data sovereignty. It was identified, that all three approaches have limitations and benefits which make them useful in different scenarios. An overview of their strengths and weaknesses is presented to select an appropriate approach In similar setups. The results described in this publication can be used to select the best update approach in data spaces where multiple stakeholders are able to update information on a single asset. © 2025 The Authors.

关键词： Supply chains

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Data sovereignty needs in agricultural use cases 43

Data sovereignty needs in agricultural use cases

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43. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft fur Informatik in der Land-, Forst- und Ernahrungswirtschaft - Resiliente Agri-Food-Systeme: Herausforderungen und Losungsansatze, GIL 2023 - 43rd Annual Conference of the Society for Informatics in Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Industry - Resilient Agri-Food systems: Challenges and Solutions, GIL 2023

作者： Boye, Fredrik Matar, Raghad Neuschwander, Philipp Fraunhofer IVI Fraunhofer Institute for Transportation and Infrastructure Systems Dresden01069 Germany Fraunhofer IESE Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering Kaiserslautern67663 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783885797241

With today's shift towards digital farming, data transfer and processing are becoming increasingly essential for optimizing farm operations. In the complex arable farming sector, there exist numerous use cases involving a variety of actors and processes. Designing new digital ecosystems, such as agricultural data spaces that support existing workflows while enabling new opportunities for data-driven services, requires a good understanding of existing processes and data sovereignty needs. In this paper, we categorize data exchange use cases in arable farming and analyze the respective data sovereignty needs for each category. The results of our contribution can be used as a basis for further analysis and evaluation of data-sharing approaches in terms of their suitability for meeting different data sovereignty needs in agriculture, as well as in the process of requirements analysis when designing such systems. © 2023 Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI). All rights reserved.

关键词： Electronic data interchange

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Evaluation Methods and Replicability of software Architecture Research Objects

Evaluation Methods and Replicability of Software Architectur...

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2023 Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs softwaretechnik, software engineering 2023 - 2023 Conference of the GI software engineering Division, software engineering 2023

作者： Konersmann, Marco Kaplan, Angelika Kühn, Thomas Heinrich, Robert Koziolek, Anne Reussner, Ralf Jürjens, Jan al-Doori, Mahmood Boltz, Nicolas Ehl, Marco Fuchß, Dominik Großer, Katharina Hahner, Sebastian Keim, Jan Lohr, Matthias Sağlam, Timur Schulz, Sophie Töberg, Jan-Philipp Software Engineering RWTH Aachen University Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany University of Koblenz-Landau Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783885797265

Our paper at the 19th IEEE International Conference on software Architecture (ICSA 2022) started by noticing that software Architecture (SA) as research area experienced an increase in empirical research. Empirical research builds a sound foundation for validity and comparability. A current overview of the evaluation and replicability of SA research objects could help to discuss our empirical standards as a community. However, no current overview existed. We assessed the current state of practice of evaluating SA research objects and replication artifact provision in full technical conference papers from ICSA and the European Conference on software Architecture (ECSA) 2017-2021. We first developed a categorization schema for SA research object evaluation and artifact provisioning. In a systematic literature review with 153 papers, we then classified the papers according to that schema. From our findings we derive and describe four proposals for improving the state of practice in evaluating SA research objects. © 2023 Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI). All rights reserved.

关键词： software architecture

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