This paper proposes a method based on constraint programming to realize workflow systems that handle regular and exceptional transactions. In this method, regulations placed on each activity in a workflow task are des...
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Numerous requirements specification approaches have been proposed to improve the quality of requirements documents as well as the developed software and to increase user satisfaction with the final product. However, n...
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Experience and research have shown that the choice of appropriate architectures in the early design phases of software-intensive systems has a determinant impact on many of the crucial qualities of such systems, e.g.,...
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(纸本)3540654607
Experience and research have shown that the choice of appropriate architectures in the early design phases of software-intensive systems has a determinant impact on many of the crucial qualities of such systems, e.g., maintainability, efficiency, reusability. Early suboptimal decisions made during the architectural design stage are in general difficult and costly to change in later stages of development. In large scale softwaresystems qualities such as maintainability are primarily determined by architectural decisions. During software acquisition (e.g., outsourced development), it is important to assess the extent to which the software acquired will be suited to an organization’s needs. For example, it is frequently important to know how easily software will accommodate likely requirements changes in the future.
The quality of software depends on the quality of the performance of the development process. Process documents (or so-called process models) help developers to perform their processes. Formal process models have adva...
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The quality of software depends on the quality of the performance of the development process. Process documents (or so-called process models) help developers to perform their processes. Formal process models have advantages over informal ones (e.g. project handbooks) including completeness, consistency, and unambiguity. The problem addressed in this paper is the choice of a modeling procedure when formalizing existing, informal process descriptions. A study is presented in which an informal description of an IBM Cleanroom process was transformed into a formal Multi-View Process Modeling Language (MVP-L) model. With phase-, level-, and concept-based modeling three different formalization approaches were evaluated of which concept-based modeling turned out to be advantageous over the others with respect to its complexity and necessary rework.
A survey has been designed to seek the practical foundation of base process activities (BPAs) in the software industry and to support research in modelling the softwareengineering processes. A superset of BPAs compat...
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A survey has been designed to seek the practical foundation of base process activities (BPAs) in the software industry and to support research in modelling the softwareengineering processes. A superset of BPAs compatible with the current software process models, such as SPICE (ISO 15504), CMM, ISO 9000 and BOOTSTRAP, were identified for the construction of the questionnaires. This paper reports the survey findings on BPAs in softwareengineering processes. A summary of the current softwareengineering process techniques and practices modelled by 83 BPAs in 10 processes and three categories is given. Each BPA is benchmarked on attributes of mean importance and ratios of significance, practice and effectiveness. Based on the benchmarks, and by comparing with the current practice of the reader's organization, recommendations can be given on which specific areas need to have processes established first, and which areas should be highest priority for process improvement.
The emphasis in CSCW research is currently shifting towards the integration of different existing tools into comprehensive CSCW systems and the interoperation of proprietary CSCW systems. A suitable basis for this int...
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The emphasis in CSCW research is currently shifting towards the integration of different existing tools into comprehensive CSCW systems and the interoperation of proprietary CSCW systems. A suitable basis for this integration is provided by concepts from network computing. Comprehensive integration can be achieved by means of the standardisation of components which are to be offered in a totally networked global computer environment. This can cut costs considerably due to the resulting high degree of reusability and opens up the possibility of developing a new quality of distributed systems. Most of today's CSCW systems are constructed according to the traditional client/server paradigm. The migration of these systems towards network computing usually requires a redesign of their architecture. Key features of application architectures for network computing and possibilities to migrate existing software are discussed. The reported experience is based on the HotCon system, a hotline and consulting environment developed at the fraunhofer ISST.
In the past, the field of CSCW has concentrated on providing support for the cooperative and coordination aspects of human work with the help of networked computer systems. The dominant issues now are the integration ...
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In the past, the field of CSCW has concentrated on providing support for the cooperative and coordination aspects of human work with the help of networked computer systems. The dominant issues now are the integration of different existing tools into comprehensive CSCW systems and the interoperation of heterogeneous CSCW systems. Work platforms based on services are providing new impulses for this integration: considerable contributions to integration can be made by standardizing the component parts offered as services in a globally networked system. The resulting increased reusability cuts costs. The paper presents a concept for a work platform for groupware applications based on services within a distributed system.
The development of binary classifiers to identify highly error-prone or high maintenance cost components is increasing in the softwareengineering quality modeling literature and in practice. One approach for evaluati...
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The development of binary classifiers to identify highly error-prone or high maintenance cost components is increasing in the softwareengineering quality modeling literature and in practice. One approach for evaluating these classifiers is to determine their ability to predict the classes of unseen cases, i.e., predictive validity. A chi-square statistical test has been frequently used to evaluate predictive validity. We illustrate that this test has a number of disadvantages. The disadvantages include a difficulty in using the results of the test to determine whether a classifier is a good predictor, demonstrated through a number of examples, and a rather conservative Type I error rate, demonstrated through a Monte Carlo simulation. We present an alternative test that has been used in the social sciences for evaluating agreement with a "gold standard". The use of this alternative test is illustrated in practice by developing a classification model to predict maintenance effort for an object oriented system, and evaluating its predictive validity on data from a second object-oriented system in the same environment.
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