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Digital Twins in Simulative Applications: A Taxonomy

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Digital Twins in Simulative Applications: A Taxonomy

Simulation Winter Conference

作者： Hendrik van der Valk Joachim Hunker Markus Rabe Boris Otto Chair for Industrial Information Management TU Dortmund University Dortmund GERMANY TU Dortmund University Dortmund GERMANY Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST Dortmund GERMANY

ISBN: (数字)9781728194998

ISBN: (纸本)9781728195001

With the advances in information technology, the concept of Digital Twins has gained wide attention in both practice and research in recent years. A Digital Twin is a virtual representation of a physical object or system and is connected in a bi-directional way with the physical counterpart. The aim of a Digital Twin is to support all stakeholders during the whole lifecycle of such system or object. One of the core aspects of a Digital Twin is modeling and simulation, which is a well-established process, e.g., in the development of systems. Simulation models can be distinguished on the basis of different dimensions, e.g., on the basis of their time perspective. The existing literature reviews have paid little to no attention to this simulation aspect of a Digital Twin. In order to address this, the authors have developed a taxonomy based on an extended literature review to bridge the aforementioned gap.

关键词： Bridges Digital twin Bibliographies Taxonomy Bidirectional control Stakeholders Information technology

Multimodal Detection of Tonic–Clonic Seizures Based on 3D Acceleration and Heart Rate Data from an In-Ear Sensor 25th

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Multimodal Detection of Tonic–Clonic Seizures Based on 3D A...

25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Workshops, ICPR 2020

作者： Henze, Jasmin Houta, Salima Surges, Rainer Kreuzer, Johannes Bisgin, Pinar Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering Emil-Figge-Straße 91 Dortmund44227 Germany University of Bremen Bibliotheksstraße 1 Bremen28359 Germany Department of Epileptology University of Bonn Medical Center Venusberg-Campus 1 Bonn53127 Germany Cosinuss GmbH Kistlerhofstr. 60 München81379 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783030687625

Patients with epilepsy suffer from recurrently occurring seizures. To improve diagnosis and treatment as well as to increase patients’ safety and quality of life, it is of great interest to develop reliable methods for automated seizure detection. In this work, we evaluate a first trial of a multimodal approach combining 3D acceleration and heart rate data acquired with a mobile In-Ear sensor as part of the project EPItect. For the detection of tonic–clonic seizures (TCS), we train different classification models (Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest-Neighbor, linear Support Vector Machine and Adaboost.M1) and evaluate cost-sensitive learning as a measure to address the problem of highly imbalanced data. To assess the performance of our multimodal approach, we compare it to a unimodal approach, which only uses the acceleration data. Experiments show that our method leads to a higher sensitivity, lower detection latency and lower false alarm rate compared to the unimodal method. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Diagnosis

Checking security compliance between models and code

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Tuma, Katja Peldszus, Sven Strüber, Daniel Scandariato, Riccardo Jürjens, Jan Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Ruhr University Bochum Bochum Germany Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen Netherlands Chalmers Gothenburg University Göteborg Sweden Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg Germany University of Koblenz-Landau Mainz Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering Isst Dortmund Germany

It is challenging to verify that the planned security mechanisms are actually implemented in the software. In the context of model-based development, the implemented security mechanisms must capture all intended security properties that were considered in the design models. Assuring this compliance manually is labor intensive and can be error-prone. This work introduces the first semi-automatic technique for secure data flow compliance checks between design models and code. We develop heuristic-based automated mappings between a design-level model (SecDFD, provided by humans) and a code-level representation (Program Model, automatically extracted from the implementation) in order to guide users in discovering compliance violations, and hence, potential security flaws in the code. These mappings enable an automated, and projectspecific static analysis of the implementation with respect to the desired security properties of the designmodel. We developed two types of security compliance checks and evaluated the entire approach on open source Java projects. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Data transfer

Towards Identification of Biometric Properties in Blood Flow Sounds Using Neural Networks and Saliency Maps

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Towards Identification of Biometric Properties in Blood Flow...

作者： Henze, Jasmin Fuentealba, Patricio Salvi, Rutuja Sahare, Natasha Bisgin, Pinar Burmann, Anja Illanes, Alfredo Friebe, Michael Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering Dortmund Germany Instituto de Electricidad y Electrónica Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile IDTM GmbH Recklinghausen Germany HealthTec Innovation Laboratory Surgical Audio Guidance Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg Germany AGH UST Department of Measurement and Electronics Kraków Poland HealthTec Innovation Laboratory Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg IDTM GmbH Recklinghausen Germany

In previous work, we demonstrated the potential of blood flow sounds for biometric authentication acquired by a custom-built auscultation device. For this purpose, we calculated the frequency spectrum for each cardiac cycle represented within the measurements based on continuous wavelet transform. The resulting spectral images were used to train a convolutional neural network based on measurements from seven users. In this work, we investigate which areas of those images are relevant for the network to correctly identify a user. Since they describe the frequencies’ energy within a cardiac cycle, this information can be used to gain knowledge on biometric properties within the signal. Therefore, we calculate the saliency maps for each input image and investigate their mean for each user, opening perspectives for further investigation of the spectral information that was found to be potentially relevant. © 2022 The Author(s), published by De Gruyter.

关键词： Biometrics

ENHANCING TRUST IN INTER-ORGANISATIONAL DATA SHARING: LEVELS OF ASSURANCE FOR DATA TRUSTWORTHINESS

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zimmer, Florian Haber, Janosch Kaneko, Mayuko Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST Speicherstraße 6 Dortmund44147 Germany Fujitsu Research of Europe 9 Albert St SloughSL1 2BE United Kingdom Fujitsu Limited 4-1-1 Kamikodanaka Nakahara-ku Kanagawa Kawasaki211-8588 Japan

As data is increasingly acknowledged as a highly valuable asset, much effort has been put into investigating inter-organisational data sharing, aiming at utilising the value of formerly unused data. Moreover, most researchers agree, that trust between actors is key for successful data sharing activities. However, existing research oftentimes focus on trust from a data provider perspective. Therefore, our work highlights the unbalanced view of trust, addressing it from a data consumer perspective. More specifically, our aim is to investigate trust enhancing measures on a data level, that is data trustworthiness. We found, that existing data trustworthiness enhancing solutions do not meet the requirements of the domain of inter-organisational data sharing. Therefore, our study addresses this gap. Conducting a rigorous design science research approach, this work proposes a new Levels of Assurance for Data Trustworthiness artifact. Built on existing artifacts, we demonstrate, how it addresses the identified challenges within the domain appropriately. We found that our novel approach requires more work to be suitable for adoption. Still, we are confident that our solution can increase consumer trust. We conclude by contributing to the body of design knowledge and emphasise the need for more attention to be put into consumer trust. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Short-time simulation of quantum dynamics by Pauli measurements

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Faehrmann, Paul K. Eisert, Jens Kieferová, Mária Kueng, Richard Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems Freie Universität Berlin Berlin14195 Germany Institute for Integrated Circuits and Quantum Computing Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 Berlin14109 Germany Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute Berlin10587 Germany Centre for Quantum Software and Information School of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology University of Technology SydneyNSW2007 Australia

Simulating the dynamics of complex quantum systems is a central application of quantum devices. Here, we propose leveraging the power of measurements to simulate short-time quantum dynamics of physically prepared quantum states in classical post-processing using a truncated Taylor series approach. While limited to short simulation times, our hybrid quantum-classical method is equipped with rigorous error bounds. It is extendable to estimate low-order Taylor approximations of smooth, time-dependent functions of tractable linear combinations of measurable operators. These insights can be made use of in the context of Hamiltonian learning and device verification, short-time imaginary time evolution, or the application of intractable operations to sub-universal quantum simulators in classical post-processing. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Hamiltonians

An Interdisciplinary Survey on Information Flows in Supply Chains

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Pennekamp, Jan Matzutt, Roman Klinkmüller, Christopher Bader, Lennart Serror, Martin Wagner, Eric Malik, Sidra Spib, Maria Rahn, Jessica Gürpinar, Tan Vlad, Eduard Leemans, Sander J.J. Kanhere, Salil S. Stich, Volker Wehrle, Klaus RWTH Aachen University Ahornstrasse 55 Aachen North Rhine-Westphalia 52074 Germany BPMotion 10 Gore Ave KirraweeNSW2232 Australia Cyber Analysis & Defense Fraunhofer FKIE Fraunhofer-straße 20 North Rhine-Westphalia Wachtberg53343 Germany Software Systems Research Group Data61 CSIRO Level 5/13 Garden St EveleighNSW2015 Australia Institute for Industrial Management RWTH Aachen University Campus-Boulevard 55 North Rhine-Westphalia Aachen52074 Germany Supply Chain Development and Strategy Fraunhofer IML Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Straße 2-4 North Rhine-Westphalia Dortmund44227 Germany School of Computer Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Engineering Rd SydneyNSW2052 Australia

Supply chains form the backbone of modern economies and therefore require reliable information flows. In practice, however, supply chains face severe technical challenges, especially regarding security and privacy. In this work, we consolidate studies from supply chain management, information systems, and computer science from 2010–2021 in an interdisciplinary meta-survey to make this topic holistically accessible to interdisciplinary research. In particular, we identify a significant potential for computer scientists to remedy technical challenges and improve the robustness of information flows. We subsequently present a concise information flow-focused taxonomy for supply chains before discussing future research directions to provide possible entry points. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Supply chain management

Employee Preference and Use of Employee Mental Health Programs: Mixed Methods Study

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JMIR human factors 2025年 12卷 e65750页

作者： Benedict Sevov Robin Huettemann Maximillian Zinner Sven Meister Leonard Fehring Faculty of Health School of Medicine Witten/Herdecke University Witten Germany. Health Care Informatics Faculty of Health School of Medicine Witten/Herdecke University Witten Germany. Department Healthcare Fraunhofer Institute for Software and Systems Engineering ISST Dortmund Germany. Department of Gastroenterology Helios University Hospital Wuppertal Witten/Herdecke University Wuppertal Germany.

BACKGROUND:Mental health issues represent a prevalent challenge for employees and their employers, leading to substantial impacts on individuals, society, and the economy. Different employee mental health programs (EMHPs) can support employees in preventing and treating mental health issues. However, the impact of such EMHPs depends largely on the use behavior of employees. OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to gain deeper insights into employees' attitude and use behavior regarding EMHPs by investigating (1) employee preference and intention to use EMHPs, (2) factors that predict use, and (3) key facilitators and barriers influencing use. METHODS:An exploratory sequential mixed methods approach was applied, including a scoping review, qualitative interviews, and a quantitative web-based survey. Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 employees to gain insights into EMHPs from the employee perspective and inform the creation of a web-based questionnaire. The quantitative web-based survey was conducted to collect representative primary data on employees' perspectives on different EMHPs using 7-point Likert scales. The collected quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics, including repeated measures ANOVAs and chi-square tests. RESULTS:The final sample of the web-based survey consisted of 1134 participants and was representative across several sociodemographic characteristics. Analysis of the sample revealed that when given the choice, employees preferred digital (n=666, 58.73%) and self-intervention (n=590, 52.03%) EMHPs. Employees were most likely to use EMHPs focused on prevention (mean 4.89, SD 1.61). Intention to use EMHPs was predicted by age (young: mean 4.59, SD 1.2; old: mean 4.19, SD 1.4; P<.001; Cohen d=0.32), education (academic degree: mean 4.68, SD 1.24; no academic degree: mean 4.26, SD 1.32; P<.001; Cohen d=0.32), and mostly by company culture (positive company culture: mean 4.61, SD 1.27; negative compa

关键词： digital health employee mental health programs employee well-being facilitators and barriers intention to use mental health mixed methods workplace

Design and integration of inductive components for a high-frequency 11 kW / 800 V off-board charger for electric vehicles 11

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Design and integration of inductive components for a high-fr...

11th International Conference on Integrated Power Electronics systems, CIPS 2020

作者： Schmidhuber, Michael Drexler, Christoph Ditze, Stefan Joffe, Christopher Ehrlich, Stefan Arndt, Bastian Olbrich, Peter Reindl, Hartwig SUMIDA Components and Modules GmbH Dr. Hans-Vogt-Platz 1 Obernzell94130 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology IISB Erlangen Germany AVL Software and Functions GmbH EMC Engineering/Simulation Regensburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783800752263

In this paper an air-cooled 11 kW / 800 V off-board charger with a target power density of 2.2 kW / liter (36 W/in3) is presented. A soft-switched silicon-carbide (SiC)-based power electronic is utilized operating at a high switching frequency of 1 MHz. Thus, the volume of the required transformer for galvanic isolation is considerably reduced. For inductive component design novel low-loss power ferrite materials are applied which are optimized to operate at high frequencies. For electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) an active filter stage is developed and integrated in the total volume of 5 liter. © VDE VERLAG GMBH · Berlin · Offenbach

关键词： Electromagnetic compatibility