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Comparaison de stratégies d’initiation de l’épuration extra-rénale en réanimation : apport des modèles multi-états

Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 2021年 69卷 S16-S16页

作者： D. Hajage M. Von Cube D. Dreyfuss S. Gaudry L. Jérome Sorbonne université Inserm institut Pierre-Louis d’épidémiologie et de santé publique AP–HP Sorbonne université hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière département de santé publique centre de pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi) CIC-1421 Paris France Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center University of Freiburg Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling University of Freiburg Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling Freiburg Allemagne AP–HP hôpital Louis-Mourier service de médecine intensive et réanimation Colombes France AP–HP hôpital Avicenne département de réanimation médico-chirurgicale Bobigny France Université de Paris Inserm U1153 CRESS Epidemiology and Clinical Statistics for Tumor Respiratory and Resuscitation Assessments (ECSTRRA) Team AP–HP hôpital Saint-Louis service de biostatistique et information médicale Paris France

Introduction Chez les patients hospitalisés en réanimation et présentant une insuffisance rénale aiguë, l’épuration extra-rénale (EER) peut être débutée soit pré...

Introduction Chez les patients hospitalisés en réanimation et présentant une insuffisance rénale aiguë, l’épuration extra-rénale (EER) peut être débutée soit précocement, soit selon une stratégie d’attente, c’est-à-dire seulement en cas d’apparition de complications métaboliques ou respiratoires mettant en jeu le pronostic vital. Plusieurs essais randomisés et une méta-analyse récente n’ont pas montré de différence de mortalité entre les deux stratégies. En l’absence de différence de mortalité, la meilleure stratégie est celle qui permet de réduire le nombre de patients chez qui une EER est débutée ainsi que le temps passé sous EER. Mais quantifier ces éléments en présence de données censurées, quand l’EER est débutée à des délais variables selon les individus (voir non débutée), et en tenant compte des risques compétitifs de sortie vivant de réanimation et de décès, n’est pas immédiat. Méthodes Nous proposons de réanalyser les données de l’essai contrôlé randomisé AKIKI, comparant une stratégie d’initiation précoce et à une stratégie d’attente, à l’aide d’un modèle multi-état. Cinq états sont définis au cours du suivi : « en réanimation et EER non débutée », « en réanimation sous EER », « en réanimation et sevré de l’EER », « sorti vivant de réanimation », « décédé ». Sous l’hypothèse markovienne, les probabilités d’occupation de chaque état au cours du temps, ainsi que les durées moyennes tronquées d’occupation sont estimées et comparées entre les deux bras. Résultats La représentation des probabilités d’occupation de chaque état au cours du temps met en évidence les différents événements d’intérêt sur un seul graphique ( Fig. 1 ). Pendant les 28 premiers jours, cette réanalyse suggère que les patients randomisés dans la stratégie d’attente sont épurés significativement moins longtemps (différence moyenne = −2,0 jours [IC95 % : −3,7 ; −0,1]) par rapport à la stratégie précoce, pour un pronostic similaire (différence moyenne de temps passé en vie hors de la réa

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Distributed Multivariate Regression Modeling For Selecting Biomarkers Under data Protection Constraints

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Zöller, Daniela Binder, Harald Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics Faculty of Medicine Medical Center University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 26 Freiburg79104 Germany Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modelling University of Freiburg Germany

The discovery of clinical biomarkers requires large patient cohorts and is aided by a pooled data approach across institutions. In many countries, data protection constraints, especially in the clinical environment, forbid the exchange of individual-level data between different research institutes, impeding the conduct of a joint analyses. To circumvent this problem, only non-disclosive aggregated data is exchanged, which is often done manually and requires explicit permission before transfer, i.e., the number of data calls and the amount of data should be limited. This does not allow for more complex tasks such as variable selection, as only simple aggregated summary statistics are typically transferred. Other methods have been proposed that require more complex aggregated data or use input data perturbation, but these methods can either not deal with a high number of biomarkers or lose information. Here, we propose a multivariable regression approach for identifying biomarkers by automatic variable selection based on aggregated data in iterative calls, which can be implemented under data protection constraints. The approach can be used to jointly analyze data distributed across several locations. To minimize the amount of transferred data and the number of calls, we also provide a heuristic variant of the approach. When performing global data standardization, the proposed method yields the same results as pooled individual-level data analysis. In a simulation study, the information loss introduced by local standardization is seen to be minimal. In a typical scenario, the heuristic decreases the number of data calls from more than 10 to 3, rendering manual data releases feasible. To make our approach widely available for application, we provide an implementation of the heuristic version incorporated in the dataSHIELD framework. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biomarkers

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Fully Automated and Standardized Segmentation of Adipose Tissue Compartments by Deep Learning in Three-dimensional Whole-body MRI of Epidemiological Cohort Studies

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Küstner, Thomas Hepp, Tobias Fischer, Marc Schwartz, Martin Fritsche, Andreas Häring, Hans-Ulrich Nikolaou, Konstantin Bamberg, Fabian Yang, Bin Schick, Fritz Gatidis, Sergios Machann, Jürgen University Hospital Tübingen Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Medical Image and Data Analysis Tübingen Germany University of Stuttgart Department for Signal Processing and System Theory Stuttgart Germany School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences King’s College London St. Thomas’ Hospital London United Kingdom Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Empirical Inference Department Tübingen Germany University Hospital Tübingen Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Section on Experimental Radiology Tübingen Germany Department of Internal Medicine IV Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Germany Helmholtz Zentrum München University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany Germany Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Medical Center – University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Germany

Purpose: To enable fast and reliable assessment of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue compartments derived from whole-body MRI. Methods: Quantification and localization of different adipose tissue compartments from whole-body MR images is of high interest to examine metabolic conditions. For correct identification and phenotyping of individuals at increased risk for metabolic diseases, a reliable automatic segmentation of adipose tissue into subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue is required. In this work we propose a 3D convolutional neural network (DCNet) to provide a robust and objective segmentation. In this retrospective study, we collected 1000 cases (66±13 years;523 women) from the Tuebingen Family Study and from the German center for Diabetes research (TUEF/DZD), as well as 300 cases (53±11 years;152 women) from the German National Cohort (NAKO) database for model training, validation, and testing with a transfer learning between the cohorts. These datasets had variable imaging sequences, imaging contrasts, receiver coil arrangements, scanners and imaging field strengths. The proposed DCNet was compared against a comparable 3D UNet segmentation in terms of sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy, and Dice overlap. Results: Fast (5-7seconds) and reliable adipose tissue segmentation can be obtained with high Dice overlap (0.94), sensitivity (96.6%), specificity (95.1%), precision (92.1%) and accuracy (98.4%) from 3D whole-body MR datasets (field of view coverage 450x450x2000mm3). Segmentation masks and adipose tissue profiles are automatically reported back to the referring physician. Conclusion: Automatic adipose tissue segmentation is feasible in 3D whole-body MR data sets and is generalizable to different epidemiological cohort studies with the proposed DCNet. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Community-developed checklists for publishing images and image analyses

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Schmied, Christopher Nelson, Michael S. Avilov, Sergiy Bakker, Gert-Jan Bertocchi, Cristina Bischof, Johanna Boehm, Ulrike Brocher, Jan Carvalho, Mariana Chiritescu, Catalin Christopher, Jana Cimini, Beth A. Conde-Sousa, Eduardo Ebner, Michael Ecker, Rupert Eliceiri, Kevin Fernandez-Rodriguez, Julia Gaudreault, Nathalie Gelman, Laurent Grunwald, David Gu, Tingting Halidi, Nadia Hammer, Mathias Hartley, Matthew Held, Marie Jug, Florian Kapoor, Varun Koksoy, Ayse Aslihan Lacoste, Judith Le Dévédec, Sylvia Le Guyader, Sylvie Liu, Penghuan Martins, Gabriel G. Mathur, Aastha Miura, Kota Llopis, Paula Montero Nitschke, Roland North, Alison Parslow, Adam C. Payne-Dwyer, Alex Plantard, Laure Ali, Rizwan Schroth-Diez, Britta Schütz, Lucas Scott, Ryan T. Seitz, Arne Selchow, Olaf Sharma, Ved P. Spitaler, Martin Srinivasan, Sathya Strambio-De-Castillia, Caterina Taatjes, Douglas Tischer, Christian Jambor, HelenaKlara Fondazione Human Technopole Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1 Milano20157 Italy Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics Freiburg79108 Germany Medical BioSciences department Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen Netherlands Laboratory for Molecular mechanics of cell adhesions Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering Science Japan Euro-BioImaging ERIC Bio-Hub Meyerhofstr. 1 Heidelberg69117 Germany Carl Zeiss AG Carl-Zeiss-Straße 22 Oberkochen73447 Germany BioVoxxel Scientific Image Processing and Analysis Eugen-Roth-Strasse 8 Ludwigshafen67071 Germany Nanophotonics and BioImaging Facility at INL International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory 4715-330 Portugal Phi Optics Inc. 1800 S. Oak St Ste 106 ChampaignIL61820 United States Biochemistry Center Heidelberg Heidelberg University Germany Imaging Platform Broad Institute CambridgeMA02142 United States i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde and INEB Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal Translational Research Institute Queensland University of Technology 37 Kent Street WoolloongabbaQLD4102 Australia School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health Queensland University of Technology BrisbaneQLD4059 Australia TissueGnostics GmbH Vienna1020 Austria Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Centre for Cellular Imaging Core Facility Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sweden Allen Institute for Cell Science SeattleWA United States Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research Basel Switzerland RNA Therapeutics Institute University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School WorcesterMA01605 United States University of Oklahoma NormanOK United States Advanced Light Microscopy Unit Ce

Images document scientific discoveries and are prevalent in modern biomedical research. Microscopy imaging in particular is currently undergoing rapid technological advancements. However for scientists wishing to publish the obtained images and image analyses results, there are to date no unified guidelines. Consequently, microscopy images and image data in publications may be unclear or difficult to interpret. Here we present community-developed checklists for preparing light microscopy images and image analysis for publications. These checklists offer authors, readers, and publishers key recommendations for image formatting and annotation, color selection, data availability, and for reporting image analysis workflows. The goal of our guidelines is to increase the clarity and reproducibility of image figures and thereby heighten the quality and explanatory power of microscopy data is in publications. © 2023, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Image analysis

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The population-attributable fraction for time-dependent exposures and competing risks – A discussion on estimands

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： von Cube, Maja Schumacher, Martin Bailly, Sébastien Timsit, Jean-François Lepape, Alain Savey, Anne Machut, Anais Wolkewitz, Martin Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modelling University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany HP2 laboratory University of Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France Department of Physiology and Sleep Grenoble Alpes University Hospital Grenoble France UMR 1137 IAME Inserm Universite Paris Diderot Paris France APHP Medical and Infectious Diseases ICU Bichat Hospital Paris France CPIAS Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes Hospices Civils de Lyon Lyon France Clinical research Unit Critical care Lyon Sud University Hospital Hospices Civils de Lyon Lyon France Inserm U1111 CNRS UMR5308 ENS de Lyon UCBL1 Lyon France Ernst-Zermelo Strasse 1 Freiburg 79104 Germany

The population-attributable fraction (PAF) quantifies the public health impact of a harmful exposure. Despite being a measure of significant importance an estimand accommodating complicated time-to-event data is not clearly defined. We discuss current estimands of the PAF used to quantify the public health impact of an internal time-dependent exposure for data subject to competing outcomes. To overcome some limitations, we proposed a novel estimand which is based on dynamic prediction by landmarking. In a profound simulation study, we discuss interpretation and performance of the various estimands and their estimators. The methods are applied to a large french database to estimate the health impact of ventilator-associated pneumonia for patients in intensive care. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Public health

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Associations of road traffic noise with adipose tissue depots and hepatic fat content – Results from the German National Cohort (NAKO)

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Environment International 2025年 201卷 109566页

作者： Niedermayer, Fiona Rospleszcz, Susanne Matthiessen, Clara Hoffmann, Barbara Stoecklein, Sophia Haueise, Tobias Norajitra, Tobias Schlett, Christopher L. Nattenmüller, Johanna Bamberg, Fabian Machann, Jürgen Günther, Matthias Hirsch, Jochen Nagrani, Rajini Völzke, Henry Meinke-Franze, Claudia Hosten, Norbert Nonnenmacher, Tobias Budai, Bettina Katalin Palm, Viktoria Katzke, Verena Greiser, Karin Halina Schulz-Menger, Jeanette Niendorf, Thoralf Endemann, Beate Pischon, Tobias Staab, Jeroen Dallavalle, Marco Schneider, Alexandra Wolf, Kathrin Peters, Annette Chair of Epidemiology IBE Faculty of Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich Munich Germany German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany Institute of Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine Medical Faculty and University Hospital Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany Department of Radiology University Hospital of Munich LMU Munich Munich Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases Helmholtz Munich at the University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany Neuherberg Germany Heidelberg Germany Pattern Analysis and Learning Group Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Heidelberg Germany Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Medical Center University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany Institute for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Hirslanden Clinic St. Anna Lucerne Switzerland Section on Experimental Radiology Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS Bremen Germany Department Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS Bremen Germany Institute for Community Medicine University Medicine Greifswald Greifswald Germany Department of Radiology Universitätsmedizin Greifswald Greifswald Germany Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany University of Heidelberg Germany Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine Thoraxklinik Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Germany Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin ECRC Experimental and Clinical Research Center a joint cooperation between Charite and MDC Lindenberger Weg 80 Berlin13125 Germany partner site Berlin Berlin Germany Berlin Germany Molecular Epidemiology Research Group Berlin

Little is known about the relation between traffic noise exposure, an established environmental risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and early obesity-related risk markers such as adipose tissue (AT) and hepatic fat. Therefore, we aimed to assess associations of long-term road traffic noise exposure with AT depots measures from whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We analyzed cross-sectional data from 11,343 participants from the population-based German National Cohort (NAKO) who underwent MRI examination between 2014 and 2016, considering visceral (VAT), subcutaneous abdominal (SCAAT), subcutaneous thoracic AT (SCTAT) and hepatic fat content as outcomes. Annual road traffic noise (Lden) data from the year 2017 (source: central EIONET data repository) was used to calculate weighted mean noise levels on a continuous scale within 10 and 100-meter buffers of participants’ residencies. Among 11,101 participants with complete outcome data, 48.7 % were women, and the mean age was 51.9 years. Higher annual Lden was associated with increased AT depots and hepatic fat content in men (e.g., VAT: 1.72 %-change [95 % confidence interval: [0.14 %;3.30 %];SCAAT: 2.18 %-change [0.43 %;3.93 %], hepatic fat content: 3.57 %-change [1.41 %;5.78 %] per 10 dB(A) increase in Lden (10 m)) and women (e.g., VAT: 3.13 %-change [1.09 %;5.18 %];SCAAT: 2.38 %-change [0.55 %;4.20 %], hepatic fat content: 3.08 %-change [1.00 %;5.21 %] per 10 dB(A) increase in Lden (10 m)). Associations were robust with all outcomes after adjusting for air pollutants and surrounding greenness, and effect modification by obesity and hypertension was observed for SCAAT, SCTAT and hepatic fat content. Our findings indicate that annual exposure to road traffic noise is associated with increased adipose tissue depots and hepatic fat content, and thus present novel evidence for the cross-sectional association between noise and early MRI-derived metabolic health markers. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Air quality

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INTRODUCTION

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2024年第8期105卷 S1-S11页

作者： Boyer, T. Blunden, J. Dunn, R.J.H. NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring Maryland NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter United Kingdom European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading United Kingdom University of Maryland College Park Maryland Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California NOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Prediction Center College Park Maryland Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg Germany Servicio Meteorológico Nacional Buenos Aires Argentina NOAA/OAR Physical Sciences Laboratory Boulder Colorado European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Bonn Germany Center for Geophysical Research and School of Physics University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais CEMADEN São Paulo Brazil Université Grenoble Alpes Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement IRD CNRS Grenoble INP Grenoble France Hampton University Hampton Virginia Seychelles Meteorological Authority Mahe Seychelles Section for Glaciers Ice and Snow Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate Oslo Norway National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE) CARRTEL Université Savoie Mont Blanc Thonon les Bains France Graduate School of Agriculture Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Japan Science Faculty Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia University of Bremen Bremen Germany NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder Colorado Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú Lima Perú Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación – Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UV-GVA) Valencia Spain Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL) Ghent University Ghent Belgium Department o

In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all increased to record-high levels. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 419.3±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. The growth from 2022 to 2023 was 2.8 ppm, the fourth highest in the record since the 1960s. The combined short-term effects of El Niño and the long-term effects of increasing levels of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere contributed to new records for many essential climate variables reported here. The annual global temperature across land and oceans was the highest in records dating as far back as 1850, with the last seven months (June–December) having each been record warm. Over land, the globally averaged temperature was also record high. Dozens of countries reported record or near-record warmth for the year, including China and continental Europe as a whole (warmest on record), India and Russia (second warmest), and Canada (third warmest). Intense and widespread heatwaves were reported around the world. In Vietnam, an all-time national maximum temperature record of 44.2°C was observed at Tuong Duong on 7 May, surpassing the previous record of 43.4°C at Huong Khe on 20 April 2019. In Brazil, the air temperature reached 44.8°C in Araçuaí in Minas Gerais on 20 November, potentially a new national record and 12.8°C above normal. The effect of rising temperatures was apparent in the cryosphere, where snow cover extent by June 2023 was the smallest in the 56-year record for North America and seventh smallest for the Northern Hemisphere overall. Heatwaves contributed to the greatest average mass balance loss for Alpine glaciers around the world since the start of the record in 1970. Due to rapid volume loss beginning in 2021, St. A

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Machine Learning for the Zwicky Transient Facility

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Mahabal, Ashish Rebbapragada, Umaa Walters, Richard Masci, Frank J. Blagorodnova, Nadejda van Roestel, Jan Ye, Quan-Zhi Biswas, Rahul Burdge, Kevin Chang, Chan-Kao Duev, Dmitry A. Golkhou, V. Zach Miller, Adam A. Nordin, Jakob Ward, Charlotte Adams, Scott Bellm, Eric C. Branton, Doug Bue, Brian Cannella, Chris Connolly, Andrew Dekany, Richard Feindt, Ulrich Hung, Tiara Fortson, Lucy Frederick, Sara Fremling, C. Gezari, Suvi Graham, Matthew Groom, Steven Kasliwal, Mansi M. Kulkarni, Shrinivas Kupfer, Thomas Lin, Hsing Wen Lintott, Chris Lunnan, Ragnhild Parejko, John Prince, Thomas A. Riddle, Reed Rusholme, Ben Saunders, Nicholas Sedaghat, Nima Shupe, David L. Singer, Leo P. Soumagnac, Maayane T. Szkody, Paula Tachibana, Yutaro Tirumala, Kushal van Velzen, Sjoert Wight, Darryl Division of Physics Mathematics and Astronomy California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Center for Data Driven Discovery California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91109 United States Caltech O tical Observatories California Institute of Technolo Pasadena CA91125 United States Infrared Processing and Analysis Center California Institute of Technology MS 100-22 PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Astrophysics IMAPP Radboud University Nijmegen P.O.Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands The Oskar Klein Centre De artment of Ph sics Stockholm Universit AlbaNova StockholmSE-106 91 Sweden Institute of Astronom National Central Universit 32001 Taiwan Department of Astronomy University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States eScience Institute Universit of Washin ton SeattleWA98195 United States Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road EvanstonIL60208 United States Adler Planetarium ChicagoIL60605 United States Institute of Physics Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Newtonstr. 15 Berlin12489 Germany Department of Astronomy University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Space Telescope Science Institute 3700 San Martin Drive BaltimoreMD21218 United States DIRAC Institute Department of Astronomy University of Washington 3910 15th Avenue NE SeattleWA98195 United States Zooniverse Oxford Astro h sics Den s Wilkinson Buildin Keble Road OxfordOX1 3RH United Kingdom School of Physics and Astronomy 116 Church Street SE University of Minnesota MinneapolisMN55455 United States Department of Astronomy California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States Department of Physics University

The Zwicky Transient Facility is a large optical survey in multiple filters producing hundreds of thousands of transient alerts per night. We describe here various machine learning (ML) implementations and plans to make the maximal use of the large data set by taking advantage of the temporal nature of the data, and further combining it with other data sets. We start with the initial steps of separating bogus candidates from real ones, separating stars and galaxies, and go on to the classification of real objects into various classes. Besides the usual methods (e.g., based on features extracted from light curves) we also describe early plans for alternate methods including the use of domain adaptation, and deep learning. In a similar fashion we describe efforts to detect fast moving asteroids. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Surveys

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Experimental test of nonlocal causality

Experimental test of nonlocal causality

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe

作者： M. Ringbauer C. Giarmatzi R. Chaves F. Costa A. G. White A. Fedrizzi Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems Centre for Quantum Computer and Communication Technology School of Mathematics and Physics University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia Institute of Physics and Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling University of Freiburg 79104 Freiburg Germany Institute for Theoretical Physics University of Cologne 50937 Cologne Germany International Institute of Physics Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte 59070-405 Natal-RN Brazil. School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Scottish Universities Physics Alliance Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK

ISBN: (纸本)9781509067374

Explaining observations in terms of cause-and-effect (causal) relations is central to empirical science. However, in his seminal 1964 work [1], John Bell showed that the correlations between entangled quantum systems cannot be explained in terms of, possibly hidden, cause and effect relations. After four decades of experimental effort. Bell's prediction has recently been confirmed in an unambiguous way by a series of loophole-free Bell-test experiments [2-4]. These experiments, however, cannot reveal where exactly quantum mechanics breaks with our classical notion of cause and effect. Specifically, Bell's theorem is based on the central assumptions of realism and local causality. Realism posits that physical systems have real, objective properties, independent of whether we observe them or not, and local causality assumes that causal influences cannot propagate faster than the speed of light.

关键词： Quantum electronics

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Worldwide Soundscapes: A Synthesis of Passive Acoustic Monitoring Across Realms

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Global Ecology and Biogeography 2025年第5期34卷

作者： Kevin F. A. Darras Rodney A. Rountree Steven L. Van Wilgenburg Anna F. Cord Frederik Pitz Youfang Chen Lijun Dong Agnès Rocquencourt Camille Desjonquères Patrick Mauritz Diaz Tzu-Hao Lin Théophile Turco Louise Emmerson Tom Bradfer-Lawrence Amandine Gasc Sarah Marley Marcus Salton Laura Schillé Paul J. Wensveen Shih-Hung Wu Adriana C. Acero-Murcia Orlando Acevedo-Charry Matyáš Adam Jacopo Aguzzi Irmak Akoglu M. Clara P. Amorim Mina Anders Michel André Alexandre Antonelli Leandro Aparecido Do Nascimento Giulliana Appel Stephanie Archer Christos Astaras Andrey Atemasov Jamieson Atkinson Joël Attia Emanuel Baltag Luc Barbaro Fritjof Basan Carly Batist Julio Ernesto Baumgarten Just T. Bayle Sempere Kristen Bellisario Asaf Ben David Oded Berger-Tal Frédéric Bertucci Matthew G. Betts Iqbal S. Bhalla Thiago Bicudo Marta Bolgan Sara Bombaci Gerard Bota Martin Boullhesen Robert A. Briers Susannah Buchan Michal Budka Katie Burchard Giuseppa Buscaino Alice Calvente Marconi Campos-Cerqueira Maria Isabel Carvalho Gonçalves Maria Ceraulo Maite Cerezo-Araujo Gunnar Cerwén Adams A. Chaskda Maria Chistopolova Christopher W. Clark Kieran D. Cox Benjamin Cretois Chapin Czarnecki Luis P. da Silva Wigna da Silva Laurence H. De Clippele David de la Haye Ana Silvia de Oliveira Tissiani Devin de Zwaan M. Eugenia Degano Jessica Deichmann Joaquin del Rio Christian Devenish Ricardo Díaz-Delgado Pedro Diniz Dorgival Diógenes Oliveira-Júnior Thiago Dorigo Saskia Dröge Marina Duarte Adam Duarte Kerry Dunleavy Robert Dziak Simon Elise Hiroto Enari Haruka S. Enari Florence Erbs Britas Klemens Eriksson Pınar Ertör-Akyazi Nina C. Ferrari Luane Ferreira Abram B. Fleishman Paulo J. Fonseca Bárbara Freitas Nicholas R. Friedman Jérémy S. P. Froidevaux Svetlana Gogoleva Carolina Gonzaga José Miguel González Correa Eben Goodale Benjamin Gottesman Ingo Grass Jack Greenhalgh Jocelyn Gregoire Samuel Haché Jonas Hagge William Halliday Antonia Hammer Tara Hanf-Dressler Sylvain Haupert Samara Haver Becky Heath Daniel Hending Jose Hernandez-Blanco Dennis Higgs EFNO ECODIV INRAE Domaine des Barres Nogent-sur-Vernisson France Sustainable Agricultural Systems & Engineering Lab School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou Zhejiang China Chair of Computational Landscape Ecology Faculty of Environmental Sciences Dresden University of Technology Dresden Germany Biology Department University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada The Fish Listener Waguoit Massachusetts USA Terrestrial Unit Prairie Region Canadian Wildlife Service Environment & Climate Change Canada Prairie & Northern Wildlife Research Centre Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada Agro-ecological Modeling Group Faculty of Agriculture University of Bonn Bonn Germany Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics Laboratory Department of Deep Sea Science Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Sanya Hainan China Institut de Systématique Évolution Biodiversité Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris France Université Grenoble Alpes Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS LECA Grenoble France Climate Change and Biodiversity Hanns R. Neumann Stiftung Indonesia Muaradua Indonesia Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica Nankang Taipei Taiwan ENES Bioacoustics Research Laboratory University of Saint-Etienne CRNL CNRS UMR 5292 Inserm UMR_S 1028 Saint-Etienne France Australian Antarctic Division Science Branch Department of Climate Change Energy Environment and Water Channel Highway Kingston Tasmania Australia Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Stirling Scotland Centre for Conservation Science RSPB Edinburgh UK IMBE Aix Marseille Univ Avignon Univ CNRS IRD Aix-en-Provence France Scotland's Rural College Craibstone Estate Aberdeen UK BIOGECO INRAE University of Bordeaux Cestas France Westman Islands Research Centre University of Iceland Vestmannaeyjar Iceland Qigu Research Center Taiwan Biodiversity Research Institute Nantou County Taiwan Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia

Aim The urgency for remote, reliable and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), which can track life underwater and on land. However, we lack a unified methodology to report this sampling effort and a comprehensive overview of PAM coverage to gauge its potential as a global research and monitoring tool. To address this gap, we created the Worldwide Soundscapes project, a collaborative network and growing database comprising metadata from 416 datasets across all realms (terrestrial, marine, freshwater and subterranean). Location Worldwide, 12,343 sites, all ecosystem types. Time Period 1991 to present. Major Taxa Studied All soniferous taxa. Methods We synthesise sampling coverage across spatial, temporal and ecological scales using metadata describing sampling locations, deployment schedules, focal taxa and audio recording parameters. We explore global trends in biological, anthropogenic and geophysical sounds based on 168 selected recordings from 12 ecosystems across all realms. Results Terrestrial sampling is spatially denser (46 sites per million square kilometre—Mkm 2 ) than aquatic sampling (0.3 and 1.8 sites/Mkm 2 in oceans and fresh water) with only two subterranean datasets. Although diel and lunar cycles are well sampled across realms, only marine datasets (55%) comprehensively sample all seasons. Across the 12 ecosystems selected for exploring global acoustic trends, biological sounds showed contrasting diel patterns across ecosystems, declined with distance from the Equator, and were negatively correlated with anthropogenic sounds. Main Conclusions PAM can inform macroecological studies as well as global conservation and phenology syntheses, but representation can be improved by expanding terrestrial taxonomic scope, sampling coverage in the high seas and subterranean ecosystems, and spatio-temporal replication in freshwater habitats. Overall, this

关键词： ARU automated sound recorder biodiversity conservation biology ecoacoustics IUCN GET realm Passive Acoustic Monitoring phenology soundscape ecology

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