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AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference 2015, MGNC 2015 - Held at the AIAA SciTech Forum 2015

作者： Roback, Vincent E. Amzajerdian, Farzin Barnes, Bruce W. Hines, Glenn D. Petway, Larry B. Brewster, Paul F. Kempton, Kevin S. Pierrottet, Diego F. Bulyshev, Alexander E. Remote Sensing Flight Systems Branch NASA-Langley Research Center M/S 468 HamptonVA23681 United States Coherent Applications. Inc. 20 Research Drive. Suite 500 HamptonVA23666 United States Laser Remote Sensing Branch NASA-Langley Research Center M/S 468 HamptonVA23681 United States Analytical Mechanics Associates. Inc. 21 Enterprise Parkway HamptonVA23666 United States Systems Engineering & Engineering Methods Branch NASA-Langley Research Center M/S 131 HamptonVA23681 United States Laser Remote Sensing Branch NASA-Langley Research Center M/S 468 HamptonVA23681 United States Flight Software Systems Branch NASA-Langley Research Center M/S 472 HamptonVA23681 United States Game Changing Development Program Office NASA-Langley Research Center M/S 250 HamptonVA23681 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510801097

For the first time, a suite of three lidar sensors have been used in flight to scan a lunar- like hazard field, identify a safe landing site, and, in concert with an experimental Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GN&C) system, help to guide the Morpheus autonomous, rocket- propelled, free-flying lander to that safe site on the hazard field. The lidar sensors and GN&C system are part of the Autonomous Precision Landing and Hazard Detection and Avoidance Technology (ALHAT) project which has been seeking to develop a system capable of enabling safe, precise crewed or robotic landings in challenging terrain on planetary bodies under any ambient lighting conditions. The 3-D imaging Flash Lidar is a second generation, compact, real-time, air-cooled instrument developed from a number of components from industry and NASA and is used as part of the ALHAT Hazard Detection System (HDS) to scan the hazard field and build a 3-D Digital Elevation Map (DEM) in near-real time for identifying safe sites. The Flash Lidar is capable of identifying a 30 cm hazard from a slant range of 1 km with its 8 cm range precision (1-a). The Flash Lidar is also used in Hazard Relative Navigation (HRN) to provide position updates down to a 250m slant range to the ALHAT navigation filter as it guides Morpheus to the safe site. The Navigation Doppler Lidar (NDL) system has been developed within NASA to provide velocity measurements with an accuracy of 0.2 cm/sec and range measurements with an accuracy of 17 cm both from a maximum range of 2,200 m to a minimum range of several meters above the ground. The NDL’s measurements are fed into the ALHAT navigation filter to provide lander guidance to the safe site. The Laser Altimeter (LA), also developed within NASA, provides range measurements with an accuracy of 5 cm from a maximum operational range of 30 km down to 1 m and, being a separate sensor from the Flash Lidar, can provide range along a separate vector. The LA measurements are also fed into the

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Effect of climate on traits of dominant and rare tree species in the world’s forests

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Nature Communications 2025年第1期16卷 1-15页

作者： Iris Hordijk Chelsea Chisholm Daniel S. Maynard Thomas W. Crowther Lourens Poorter Gert-Jan Nabuurs Frans Bongers Mathieu Decuyper Douglas Sheil Jingjing Liang Mo Zhou Minjee Park Peter B. Reich Sergio de-Miguel Javier G. P. Gamarra Han Y. H. Chen Susan K. Wiser Hans Pretzsch Alain Paquette Eric B. Searle Nicolas Picard Bruno Hérault Plinio Sist Jean-Francois Bastin Giorgio Alberti Meinrad Abegg Yves C. Adou Yao Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano Braulio V. Alvarado Edgar Ortiz-Malavasi Esteban Alvarez-Davila Patricia Alvarez-Loayza Kuswata Kartawinata Nigel C. A. Pitman Luciana F. Alves Iêda Amaral Christian Ammer Peter Schall Clara Antón-Fernández Alejandro Araujo-Murakami Luzmila Arroyo Timothy Killeen Alexander Parada-Gutierrez Valerio Avitabile Gerardo A. Aymard C Timothy Baker Roel Brienen Simon Lewis Oliver L. Phillips Olaf Banki Hans ter Steege Jorcely Barroso Meredith L. Bastian Luca Birigazzi Philippe Birnbaum Thomas Ibanez Robert Bitariho Pascal Boeckx Olivier Bouriaud Pedro H. S. Brancalion Ricardo G. Cesar Vanessa Moreno Susanne Brandl Francis Q. Brearley Eben N. Broadbent Helge Bruelheide Roberto Cazzolla Gatti Goran Cesljar Robin L. Chazdon Cory Merow John Herbohn Andrew Robert Marshall Sharif A. Mukul Emil Cienciala Alexander C. Vibrans Connie J. Clark John R. Poulsen David B. Clark Gabriel Colletta David Coomes Fernando Cornejo Valverde Jose J. Corral-Rivas Philip Crim Jonathan Cumming Selvadurai Dayanandan André L. de Gasper Géraldine Derroire Aurélie Dourdain Ben DeVries Ilija Djordjevic Radovan Nevenic Jiri Dolezal Nestor Laurier Engone Obiang Brian Enquist Brian Maitner Teresa Eyre Victor Neldner Michael Ngugi Adandé Belarmain Fandohan Tom M. Fayle Leandro V. Ferreira Ted R. Feldpausch Leena Finér Markus Fischer Christine Fletcher Lorenzo Frizzera Damiano Gianelle Henry B. Glick Peter Umunay David Harris Axel Dalberg Poulsen Andrew Hector Andreas Hemp Annika Hillers Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado Cang Hui Hyunkook Cho Ilbin Jung Nobuo Imai Jacek Oleksyn Andrzej M. Jagodzinski Bogdan Jaroszewicz Vivia Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) Zurich Switzerland Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment University College London London UK Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Department of Agriculture Forestry and Bioresources Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota St Paul MN USA Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering University of Lleida Lleida Spain Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC) Solsona Spain Forestry Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome Italy Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University Thunder Bay ON Canada Manaaki Whenua–Landcare Research Lincoln New Zealand Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science TUM School for Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Centre for Forest Research Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal QC Canada GIP ECOFOR Paris France CIRAD Forêts et Sociétés Montpellier France Forêts et Sociétés Univ Montpellier CIRAD Montpellier France Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech University of Liege Liege Belgium Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bolzano Bolzano Italy Department of Agricultural Food Environmental and Animal Sciences University of Udine Udine Italy Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland UFR Biosciences University Félix Houphouët-Boigny Abidjan Côte d’Ivoire Spatial Ecology and Conservation Laboratory Center for Latin American Studies University of Florida Gainesville FL USA Forestry School Tecnológico de Costa

Species’ traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. The extent to which traits of dominant and rare tree species differ remains untested across a broad environmental range, limiting our understanding of how species traits and the environment shape forest functional composition. We use a global dataset of tree composition of >22,000 forest plots and 11 traits of 1663 tree species to ask how locally dominant and rare species differ in their trait values, and how these differences are driven by climatic gradients in temperature and water availability in forest biomes across the globe. We find three consistent trait differences between locally dominant and rare species across all biomes; dominant species are taller, have softer wood and higher loading on the multivariate stem strategy axis (related to narrow tracheids and thick bark). The difference between traits of dominant and rare species is more strongly driven by temperature compared to water availability, as temperature might affect a larger number of traits. Therefore, climate change driven global temperature rise may have a strong effect on trait differences between dominant and rare tree species and may lead to changes in species abundances and therefore strong community reassembly.

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Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions ( vol 621,pg 773 , 2023 )

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NATURE 2023年第7982期622卷 E2-E2页

作者： Delavaux, Camille S. Crowther, Thomas W. Zohner, Constantin M. Robmann, Niamh M. Lauber, Thomas van den Hoogen, Johan Kuebbing, Sara Liang, Jingjing de-Miguel, Sergio Nabuurs, Gert-Jan Reich, Peter B. Abegg, Meinrad Yao, Yves C. Adou Alberti, Giorgio Zambrano, Angelica M. Almeyda Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez Alvarez-Davila, Esteban Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia Alves, Luciana F. Ammer, Christian Anton-Fernandez, Clara Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro Arroyo, Luzmila Avitabile, Valerio Aymard, Gerardo A. Baker, Timothy R. Balazy, Radomir Banki, Olaf Barroso, Jorcely G. Bastian, Meredith L. Bastin, Jean-Francois Birigazzi, Luca Birnbaum, Philippe Bitariho, Robert Boeckx, Pascal Bongers, Frans Bouriaud, Olivier Brancalion, Pedro H. S. Brandl, Susanne Brienen, Roel Broadbent, Eben N. Bruelheide, Helge Bussotti, Filippo Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla Cesar, Ricardo G. Cesljar, Goran Chazdon, Robin Chen, Han Y. H. Chisholm, Chelsea Cho, Hyunkook Cienciala, Emil Clark, Connie Clark, David Colletta, Gabriel D. Coomes, David A. Valverde, Fernando Cornejo Corral-Rivas, Jose J. Crim, Philip M. Cumming, Jonathan R. Dayanandan, Selvadurai de Gasper, Andre L. Decuyper, Mathieu Derroire, Geraldine DeVries, Ben Djordjevic, Ilija Dolezal, Jiri Dourdain, Aurelie Obiang, Nestor Laurier Engone Enquist, Brian J. Eyre, Teresa J. Fandohan, Adande Belarmain Fayle, Tom M. Feldpausch, Ted R. Ferreira, Leandro V. Fischer, Markus Fletcher, Christine Frizzera, Lorenzo Gamarra, Javier G. P. Gianelle, Damiano Glick, Henry B. Harris, David J. Hector, Andrew Hemp, Andreas Hengeveld, Geerten Herault, Bruno Herbohn, John L. Herold, Martin Hillers, Annika Coronado, Euridice N. Honorio Hui, Cang Ibanez, Thomas T. Amaral, Ieda Imai, Nobuo Jagodzinski, Andrzej M. Jaroszewicz, Bogdan Johannsen, Vivian Kvist Joly, Carlos A. Jucker, Tommaso Jung, Ilbin Karminov, Viktor Kartawinata, Kuswata Kearsley, Elizabeth Kenfack, David Kennard, Deborah K. Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian Keppel, Gunnar Khan, Mohammed Latif Killeen, Timothy J. Kim, Hyun Seok Kitayama, Kanehiro Kohl, Michael Korju Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) Zurich Switzerland Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment University College London London UK The Forest School at The Yale School of the Environment Yale University New Haven CT USA Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Department of Agriculture Forestry and Bioresources Seoul National University Seoul South Korea Department of Crop and Forest Sciences University of Lleida Lleida Spain Joint Research Unit CTFC–AGROTECNIO–CERCA Solsona Spain Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands World Agroforestry (ICRAF) Nairobi Kenya Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota St Paul MN USA Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland UFR Biosciences University Félix Houphouët-Boigny Abidjan Côte d’Ivoire Department of Agricultural Food Environmental and Animal Sciences University of Udine Udine Italy Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bolzano Bolzano Italy Spatial Ecology and Conservation Laboratory Department of Tourism Recreation and Sport Management University of Florida Gainesville FL USA Forestry School Tecnológico de Costa Rica TEC Cartago Costa Rica Fundacion ConVida Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia UNAD Medellin Colombia Field Museum of Natural Histiory Chicago IL USA Center for Tropical Research Institute of the Environment and Sustainability UCLA Los Angeles CA USA Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany Division of Forest and Forest Resources Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO) Ås Norway Museo de Hi

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