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The role of artificial intelligence in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Vinuesa, Ricardo Azizpour, Hossein Leite, Iolanda Balaam, Madeline Dignum, Virginia Domisch, Sami Felländer, Anna Langhans, Simone Tegmark, Max Nerini, Francesco Fuso Linné FLOW Centre KTH Mechanics StockholmSE-100 44 Sweden School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute Of Technology Stockholm Sweden Division of Robotics Perception and Learning School of EECS KTH Royal Institute Of Technology Stockholm Sweden Division of Media Technology and Interaction Design KTH Royal Institute of Technology Lindstedtsvägen 3 Stockholm Sweden Responsible AI Lab Umeå University UmeåSE-90358 Sweden Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Müggelseedamm 310 Berlin12587 Germany Division of Media Technology and Interaction Design KTH Royal Institute of Technology Lindstedtsvägen 3 Stockholm Sweden Leioa Spain Department of Zoology University of Otago 340 Great King Street Dunedin9016 New Zealand Center for Brains Minds & Machines Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States KTH Royal Institute of Technology Brinellvagen 68 StockholmSE-100 44 Sweden

The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and its progressively wider impact on many sectors across the society requires an assessment of its effect on sustainable development. Here we analyze published evidence of positive or negative impacts of AI on the achievement of each of the 17 goals and 169 targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. We find that AI can support the achievement of 128 targets across all SDGs, but it may also inhibit 58 targets. Notably, AI enables new technologies that improve efficiency and productivity, but it may also lead to increased inequalities among and within countries, thus hindering the achievement of the 2030 Agenda. The fast development of AI needs to be supported by appropriate policy and regulation. Otherwise, it would lead to gaps in transparency, accountability, safety and ethical standards of AI-based technology, which could be detrimental towards the development and sustainable use of AI. Finally, there is a lack of research assessing the medium- and long-term impacts of AI. It is therefore essential to reinforce the global debate regarding the use of AI and to develop the necessary regulatory insight and oversight for AI-based technologies. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Planning

Compensation of perceived hardness of a virtual object with cutaneous feedback 7

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Compensation of perceived hardness of a virtual object with ...

7th IEEE World Haptics Conference, WHC 2017

作者： Park, Jaeyoung Kim, Jaeha Oh, Yonghwan Tan, Hong Z. Robotics and Media Institute Korean Institute of Science and Technology Seoul Korea Republic of Haptic Interface Research Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781509014255

Wearable glove type haptic interfaces are often required to be light weight, which constrains the actuator to exert low torques. This causes a virtual object to feel compliant, reducing the range of presented surface properties. To overcome the limitation, we propose to compensate the hardness of a virtual object with cutaneous feedback. A cutaneous haptic interface is designed to present the hardness to a user's fingertip along with a force-feedback interface and the corresponding rendering strategy is proposed. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the proposed approach for one-finger touch and two-finger grip for stiffness values under 0.3 N/mm. Experimental results indicate that the addition of cutaneous feedback led the virtual surface to feel significantly harder than the nominal stiffness felt by force-feedback alone. In addition, the perceived hardness was significantly affected by the rate of hardness rendered with cutaneous interface when the nominal stiffness was increased. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Haptic interfaces

Wideband Cognitive Radio Networks Based Compressed Spectrum Sensing: A Survey

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Journal of Signal and Information Processing 2018年第2期9卷 122-151页

作者： Mohammed Abo-Zahhad Sabah M. Ahmed Mohammed Farrag Khaled Ali BaAli Electronics and Communication Engineering Department School of Electronics Communications and Computer Engineering Egypt-Japan University for Science and Technology Alexandria Egypt Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Assiut University Assiut Egypt Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering Department School of Innovative Design Engineering Egypt-Japan University for Science and Technology Alexandria Egyp Electrical Engineering Department King Khalid University (KKU) Abha KSA Electronics and Communication Department Faculty of Engineering and Petroleum Hadhramaut University Mukalla Republic of Yemen

Spectrum sensing is a core function at cognitive radio systems to have spectrum awareness. This could be achieved by collecting samples from the frequency band under observation to make a conclusion whether the band is occupied, or it is a spectrum hole. The task of sensing is becoming more challenging especially at wideband spectrum scenario. The difficulty is due to conventional sampling rate theory which makes it infeasible to sample such very wide range of frequencies and the technical requirements are very costly. Recently, compressive sensing introduced itself as a pioneer solution that relaxed the wideband sampling rate requirements. It showed the ability to sample a signal below the Nyquist sampling rate and reconstructed it using very few measurements. In this paper, we discuss the approaches used for solving compressed spectrum sensing problem for wideband cognitive radio networks and how the problem is formulated and rendered to improve the detection performance.

关键词： Cognitive Radio Spectrum Sensing Compressive Sensing Compressed Measurements Nyquist Sampling Rate

Structural Design and Gait Simulation of Bionic Quadruped Robot

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Structural Design and Gait Simulation of Bionic Quadruped Ro...

International Conference on Advanced Mechatronic Systems (ICAMechS)

作者： Dexin Liu Mingming Sun Dianwei Qian College of Robotics Beijing Union University Beijing P.R.C Basic Experimental Center for Natural Science University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing P.R.C School of Control and Computer Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing P.R.C

In order to solve the bionic quadruped robot movement control problems, a improved method with particular attention on toe trajectory is proposed. The kinematic equation of legs is established through motion analysisJoint angle functions are solved by inverse kinematics employing legs phases in typical gait planning and the displacement for rods of hydraulic cylinders by mechanism. The toe trajectory is calculated to ensures the smoothness of the robot moving. Experimental results show that the robot walks stably on the even surface, the undulation of body has small amplitude, and the design of prototype is rational and efficient.

关键词： Legged locomotion Hip Robot kinematics Knee Foot Mathematical model

Common Limitations of Image Processing Metrics: A Picture Story

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Reinke, Annika Tizabi, Minu D. Sudre, Carole H. Eisenmann, Matthias Rädsch, Tim Baumgartner, Michael Acion, Laura Antonelli, Michela Arbel, Tal Bakas, Spyridon Bankhead, Peter Benis, Arriel Blaschko, Matthew Buettner, Florian Cardoso, M. Jorge Chen, Jianxu Cheplygina, Veronika Christodoulou, Evangelia Cimini, Beth A. Collins, Gary S. Engelhardt, Sandy Farahani, Keyvan Ferrer, Luciana Galdran, Adrian van Ginneken, Bram Glocker, Ben Godau, Patrick Haase, Robert Hamprecht, Fred Hashimoto, Daniel A. Heckmann-Nötzel, Doreen Hirsch, Peter Hoffman, Michael M. Huisman, Merel Isensee, Fabian Jannin, Pierre Kahn, Charles E. Kainmueller, Dagmar Kainz, Bernhard Karargyris, Alexandros Karthikesalingam, Alan Kavur, A. Emre Kenngott, Hannes Kleesiek, Jens Kleppe, Andreas Koehler, Sven Kofler, Florian Kopp-Schneider, Annette Kooi, Thijs Kozubek, Michal Kreshuk, Anna Kurc, Tahsin Landman, Bennett A. Litjens, Geert Madani, Amin Maier-Hein, Klaus Martel, Anne L. Mattson, Peter Meijering, Erik Menze, Bjoern Moher, David Moons, Karel G.M. Müller, Henning Nichyporuk, Brennan Nickel, Felix Noyan, M. Alican Petersen, Jens Polat, Gorkem Rafelski, Susanne M. Rajpoot, Nasir Reyes, Mauricio Rieke, Nicola Riegler, Michael A. Rivaz, Hassan Saez-Rodriguez, Julio Sánchez, Clara I. Schroeter, Julien Saha, Anindo Selver, M. Alper Sharan, Lalith Shetty, Shravya Smeden, Maarten V.A.N. Stieltjes, Bram Summers, Ronald M. Taha, Abdel A. Tiulpin, Aleksei Tsaftaris, Sotirios A. Calster, Ben V.A.N. Varoquaux, Gaël Wiesenfarth, Manuel Yaniv, Ziv R. Jäger, Paul Maier-Hein, Lena Division of Intelligent Medical Systems and HI Helmholtz Imaging Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Division of Intelligent Medical Systems Heidelberg Germany NCT Heidelberg DKFZ University Medical Center Heidelberg Germany MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing Department of Computer Science University College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science King’s College London London United Kingdom Division of Medical Image Computing Heidelberg Germany Instituto de Cálculo CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London United Kingdom McGill University Montréal Canada Division of Computational Pathology Dept of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine IU Health Information and Translational Sciences Building Indianapolis United States University of Pennsylvania Richards Medical Research Laboratories FL7 PhiladelphiaPA United States Institute of Genetics and Cancer University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom Department of Digital Medical Technologies Holon Institute of Technology Holon Israel European Federation for Medical Informatics Le Mont-sur-Lausanne Switzerland Center for Processing Speech and Images Department of Electrical Engineering KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 - box 2441 Leuven3001 Belgium Frankfurt/Mainz DKFZ UCT Frankfurt-Marburg Germany Heidelberg Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Medicine Germany Goethe University Frankfurt Department of Informatics Germany Frankfurt Cancer Insititute Germany Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V. Dortmund Germany Department of Computer Science IT University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Imaging Platform Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard CambridgeMA United States Centre for St

While the importance of automatic image analysis is continuously increasing, recent meta-research revealed major flaws with respect to algorithm validation. Performance metrics are particularly key for meaningful, objective, and transparent performance assessment and validation of the used automatic algorithms, but relatively little attention has been given to the practical pitfalls when using specific metrics for a given image analysis task. These are typically related to (1) the disregard of inherent metric properties, such as the behaviour in the presence of class imbalance or small target structures, (2) the disregard of inherent data set properties, such as the non-independence of the test cases, and (3) the disregard of the actual biomedical domain interest that the metrics should reflect. This living dynamically document has the purpose to illustrate important limitations of performance metrics commonly applied in the field of image analysis. In this context, it focuses on biomedical image analysis problems that can be phrased as image-level classification, semantic segmentation, instance segmentation, or object detection task. The current version is based on a Delphi process on metrics conducted by an international consortium of image analysis experts from more than 60 institutions worldwide. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Medical imaging

Lyapunov-based Stability of Feedback Interconnections of Negative Imaginary Systems

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2017年第1期50卷 3424-3428页

作者： Ghallab A.G. Mabrok M.A. Petersen I.R. School of Engineering and Information Technology University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy Canberra ACT 2600 Australia Robotics Intelligent Systems and Control Lab at Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Saudi Arabia Research School of Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia

Feedback control systems using sensors and actuators such as piezoelectric sensors and actuators, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) sensors and opto-mechanical sensors, are allowing new advances in designing such high precision technologies. The negative imaginary control systems framework allows for robust control design for such high precision systems in the face of uncertainties due to unmodelled dynamics. The stability of the feedback interconnection of negative imaginary systems has been well established in the literature. However, the proofs of stability feedback interconnection which are used in some previous papers have a shortcoming due to a matrix inevitability issue. In this paper, we provide a new and correct Lyapunov-based proof of one such result and show that the result is still true. © 2017

关键词： Lyapunov stability Negative imaginary lemma Negative imaginary systems Strictly negative imaginary systems

Standardized Assessment of Automatic Segmentation of White Matter Hyperintensities and Results of the WMH Segmentation Challenge

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Kuijf, Hugo J. Biesbroek, J. Matthijs Bresser, Jeroen de Heinen, Rutger Andermatt, Simon Bento, Mariana Berseth, Matt Belyaev, Mikhail Cardoso, M. Jorge Casamitjana, Adrià Collins, D. Louis Dadar, Mahsa Georgiou, Achilleas Ghafoorian, Mohsen Jin, Dakai Khademi, April Knight, Jesse Li, Hongwei Lladó, Xavier Luna, Miguel Mahmood, Qaiser McKinley, Richard Mehrtash, Alireza Ourselin, Sébastien Park, Bo-yong Park, Hyunjin Park, Sang Hyun Pezold, Simon Puybareau, Elodie Rittner, Leticia Sudre, Carole H. Valverde, Sergi Vilaplana, Verónica Wiest, Roland Xu, Yongchao Xu, Ziyue Zeng, Guodong Zhang, Jianguo Zheng, Guoyan Chen, Christopher Flier, Wiesje van der Barkhof, Frederik Viergever, Max A. Biessels, Geert Jan Image Sciences Institute UMC Utrecht Utrecht University Netherlands Brain Center Rudolf Magnus UMC Utrecht Utrecht University Netherlands Department of Radiology UMC Utrecht Department of Radiology LUMC Leiden Netherlands Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Basel Allschwil Switzerland Radiology and Clinical Neuroscience Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary AB Canada NLP Logix Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King’s College London Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London Signal Theory and Communications Department Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya BarcelonaTech Barcelona Spain McGill University Canada Computational Statistics and Machine Learning MSc University College London TomTom Amsterdam Netherlands Department of Radiology and Imaging Science National Institutes of Health United States Ryerson University Canada University of Guelph Canada Sun Yat-sen University University of Dundee Technical University of Munich Research institute of Computer Vision and Robotics University of Girona Spain Department of Robotics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology Daegu Korea Republic of Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology Support Center for Advanced Neuroimaging Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Inselspital University of Bern Switzerland Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of British Columbia Vancouver Department of Radiology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King’s College London Suwon Korea Republic of School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Korea Republic of France School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Campinas SP Brazil School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences King’s College London Centre for Medical I

Quantification of cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH) of presumed vascular origin is of key importance in many neurological research studies. Currently, measurements are often still obtained from manual segmentations on brain MR images, which is a laborious procedure. Automatic WMH segmentation methods exist, but a standardized comparison of the performance of such methods is lacking. We organized a scientific challenge, in which developers could evaluate their method on a standardized multi-center/-scanner image dataset, giving an objective comparison: the WMH Segmentation Challenge (https://***/).Sixty T1+FLAIR images from three MR scanners were released with manual WMH segmentations for training. A test set of 110 images from five MR scanners was used for evaluation. Segmentation methods had to be containerized and submitted to the challenge organizers. Five evaluation metrics were used to rank the methods: (1) Dice similarity coefficient, (2) modified Hausdorff distance (95th percentile), (3) absolute log-transformed volume difference, (4) sensitivity for detecting individual lesions, and (5) F1-score for individual lesions. Additionally, methods were ranked on their inter-scanner *** participants submitted their method for evaluation. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the results. In brief, there is a cluster of four methods that rank significantly better than the other methods, with one clear winner. The inter-scanner robustness ranking shows that not all methods generalize to unseen *** challenge remains open for future submissions and provides a public platform for method evaluation. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

Mobile robot localisation and navigation using LEGO NXT and ultrasonic sensor

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Liu, Yanan Fan, Rui Yu, Bin Junaid Bocus, M. Liu, Ming Ni, Hepeng Fan, Jiahe Mao, Shixin Bristol Robotics Laboratory University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom Robotics and Multi-Perception Laboratory Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Bristol BristolBS8 1UB United Kingdom School of Mechanical Engineering Shandong University Jinan250061 China School of Communication Engineering Jilin University Changchun130000 China Shenzhen Sanhang Industrial Technology Research Institute Shenzhen518000 China

Mobile robots are becoming increasingly important both for individuals and industries. Mobile robotic technology is not only utilised by experts in this field but is also very popular among amateurs. However, implementing a mobile robot to perform tasks autonomously can be expensive because of the need for various types of sensors and the high price of robot platforms. Hence, in this paper we present a mobile robot localisation and navigation system which uses a LEGO ultrasonic sensor in an indoor map based on the LEGO MINDSTORM NXT. This provides an affordable and ready-to-use option for most robot fans. In this paper, an effective method is proposed to extract useful information from the distorted readings collected by the ultrasonic sensor. Then, the particle filter is used to localise the robot. After robot's position is estimated, a sampling-based path planning method is proposed for the robot navigation. This method reduces the robot accumulative motion error by minimising robot turning times and covering distances. The robot localisation and navigation algorithms are implemented in MATLAB. Simulation results show an average accuracy between 1 and 3 cm for three different indoor map locations. Furthermore, experiments performed in a real setup show the effectiveness of the proposed methods. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mobile robots

Correction: Gut microbiome in endometriosis: a cohort study on 1000 individuals

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BMC medicine 2024年第1期22卷 448页

作者： Inmaculada Pérez-Prieto Eva Vargas Eduardo Salas-Espejo Kreete Lüll Analuce Canha-Gouveia Laura Antequera Pérez Juan Fontes Andres Salumets Reidar Andreson Oliver Aasmets Katrine Whiteson Elin Org Signe Altmäe Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I Faculty of Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain. inmapprieto@ugr.es. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA Granada Spain. inmapprieto@ugr.es. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I Faculty of Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA Granada Spain. Systems Biology Unit Department of Experimental Biology Faculty of Experimental Sciences University of Jaen Jaen Spain. Institute of Genomics Estonian Genome Centre University of Tartu Tartu Estonia. Department of Physiology Faculty of Veterinary University of Murcia Campus Mare Nostrum Murcia Spain. Department of Computer Engineering Automation and Robotics University of Granada Granada Spain. U. Reproducción UGC Laboratorio Clínico y UGC Obstetricia y Ginecología. HU Virgen de Las Nieves Granada Spain. Competence Centre On Health Technologies Tartu Estonia. Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Stockholm Sweden. Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Stockholm Sweden. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia. Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia. School of Biological Sciences University of California Irvine CA USA.