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Analysis of Focal Mechanism for Determine Fault Plane Orientation Using The Moment Tensor Inversion Case study : West Java Geothermal Field

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019年第1期318卷

作者： Rhamadhana Sultan Mohammad Rachmat Sule Andri Hendriyana Pepen Supendi Geothermal Engineering Study Program Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia Jl. Ganesha No.10 Bandung West Java Indonesia. 40132 Geophysical Engineering Study Program Institut Teknologi Bandung Indonesia Jl. Ganesha No.10 Bandung West Java Indonesia. 40132

Micro earthquakes in geothermal field is used to monitor subsurface conditions especially in the reservoir. Micro earthquakes data can be used to determine focal mechanism or fault plane solution with moment tensor inversion method using ISOLA program in MATLAB-GUI. Focal mechanism or fault plane solution describes the orientation of the fault and slip on the fault relative to a geographical coordinate system. The arrival time of the P wave from the 3-component seismometer recording is used in moment tensor inversion and the frequency band that used is 0.02 to 0.08 Hz. The result of inversion with minor error indicated by the value of variance reduction approaching 1 calculated is from modelling waveform synthetic with green function and waveform observation. Fault plane solution in the field that represented by beach ball describes the dominant fault in the North is oblique fault with dip 30–90 degree and in the South is reverse fault with dip 20-85 degree.

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Preliminary Gravity study of Pre-Tertiary and Tertiary Rock in Northern Kebumen, Central Java, Indonesia

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019年第1期318卷

作者： Faridz Nizar Ahmady Djoko Santoso Geophysical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia Applied Geophysics Research Group Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia

Luk Ulo Melange Complex is a Pre-Tertiary rock formation consisting of various lithological background and complicated geological structure. Located in Northern Kebumen Regency, this rock is originally interpreted as products of tectonic process caused by paleo-subduction between Indian Oceanic Plate beneath Eurasian Plate in Cretaceous age. According to previous study on geological surface investigation shows that the melange complex is tectonically overlain by Tertiary sedimentary formation. On the contrary, geophysical study of the subsurface condition of the area is still under discussion due to limited of measured data. In order to obtain detailed subsurface image, gravity profiling was measured and interpreted across both Tertiary and pre-Tertiary rock. Frequency domain filter and designed moving average filter were used to separate residual and regional anomaly. The results denote gravity value of residual anomaly varying from -5 to +5 mGal, while regional anomaly is ranging from 150-180 mGal respectively. The preliminary interpretation was developed by taking into account the geological information and also the data that was collected during field campaign. Overall, high gravity anomaly is interpreted as diabase intrusion in the middle of research area. Meanwhile, low gravity anomaly indicated clay rich rock material related to matrix content of Luk-Ulo Melange Complex in the northern area.

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A Non-Linear Method for Hypocenter Determination around Central and East Java Region: Preliminary Result

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019年第1期318卷

作者： Faiz Muttaqy Andri Dian Nugraha Nanang T Puspito Pepen Supendi Shindy Rosalia Geophysical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Global Geophysics Research Group Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) Bandung Indonesia

Java Island is highly active tectonic zone and also has a complex geological system as a result of Indo-Australian plate that subducted under the Eurasian plate. This complexity produces many large and destructive earthquakes. Moreover, Java is a most densely populated region in Indonesia. The precise earthquake location can define and evaluate the seismic hazard in the area. In this study, we determined hypocenter location around the central and east Java region by using a non-linear method. We manually picked P-and S-wave arrival time recorded by BMKG network for the time period of 2009 to 2017. We used the minimum 1D seismic velocity model of ak135 to locate the events. We used some criteria for the determination of event location including (i) at least recorded by 4 station which has clear onset P and S arrival, and (ii) has magnitude (MW) > 3. The seismicity in the study area is controlled by subduction and many active faults distributed along the Java Island, also clustered in several areas such as Kendeng thrust, Opak river fault, Kebumen, Banyuwangi, and others. The result of this study indicates the accurately main shallow seismicity zones in central and eastern part of Java region, and also confirm the presence of active inland faults. As further studies, we will conduct 1D velocity modeling and relocate the hypocenters using an updated local 1D velocity model beneath the study area.

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Response of Gravity, Magnetic, and Geoelectrical Resistivity Methods on Ngeni Southern Blitar Mineralization Zone

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2018年第1期979卷

作者： Sunaryo Geophysical Engineering Program Study Physics Department Sciences Faculty University of Brawijaya Malang Indonesia

The research with entitle response of gravity, magnetic, and geoelectrical resistivity methods on Ngeni Southern Blitar mineralization zone has been done. This study aims to find the response of several geophysical methods of gravity, magnetic, and geoelectrical resistivity in an integrated manner. Gravity data acquisition was acquired 224 data which covers the whole region of Blitar district by using Gravity Meter La Coste & Romberg Model 'G', and magnetic data acquisition were acquired 195 data which covers the southern Blitar district only by using Proton Precession Magnetometer G-856. Meanwhile geoelectrical resistivity data only done in Ngeni village which is the location of phyropilite mining with the composition content of Fe, Si, Ca, S, Cu, and Mn by using ABEM Terrameter SAS 300C. Gravity data processing was performed to obtain the Bouguer anomaly value, which included unit conversion, tidal correction, drift correction, correction of tie point, base station correction, free air correction, and Bouguer correction. Magnetic data processing has been done by some corrections i.e daily, drift, and IGRF(International Geomagnetic Refference Field) to obtain the total magnetic anomaly. From gravity data processing has been obtained the simple Bouguer anomaly value in range from -10mGal until 115mGal. From this data processing has been obtained the total magnetic anomaly value in range from -650nT until 800nT. Meanwhile from geoelectrical resistivity 3.03Ωm until 11249.91 Ωm. There is a correlation between gravity anomaly, magnetic anomaly, and geoelectrical resistivity anomaly that are associated with deep anomaly, middle anomaly, and shallow anomaly.

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Coupled Hydraulic and Mechanics Finite Element Modeling of CO2 Injection into a Layered Isotropic Media Using FEHM

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019年第1期318卷

作者： Herdis Haerusalam David P. Sahara Fatkhan Study Program of Geophysical Engineering Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Global Geophysics Research Group Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Insitut Teknologi Bandung Ganesha 19 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Exploration and Engineering Seismology Research Group Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia

CO2 injection into the hydrocarbon reservoir affects the subsurface mechanics and hydraulic condition. The injection has to be performed in a way that there will be no reservoir and/or top seal failure. In such case, a simulation of the injected fluid propagation needs to be performed to see its possible impact to the top seal and existing major faults. We use finite element method to perform this injection simulation. In this research, we use open source software Finite Element Heat and Mass Transfer Code (FEHM) to simulate CO2 injection processes into reservoir. Subsurface geological model was constructed in a dimension of 3000 m (easting) x 3000 m (northing) x 2000 m (vertical). Vertically, it consists of four layers which represent upper layer (400 m), top seal (200 m), reservoir (900 m), and basement (500m). The grid around the reservoir rocks is refined to give more detail results. The open hole injection is set at 850 - 890 m depth, 1500 m easting and 1500 m northing. The material is assumed to be isotropic. The initial pressure and temperature increase as a function of depth with a pressure gradient of 0.00981 MPa/m and a temperature gradient of 0.025 degrees C/m. A vertical fault is modelled at 600 m eastern to the injection well. Injection process is carried out with 6 kg/s of CO2 injection with simulation time for ten years to see its impact to the fault. A vertical fault is The modelling results show that the CO2 injection will not reactivate the fault at 10 years.

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INTRODUCTION

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2024年第8期105卷 S1-S11页

作者： Boyer, T. Blunden, J. Dunn, R.J.H. NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring Maryland NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter United Kingdom European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading United Kingdom University of Maryland College Park Maryland Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California NOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Prediction Center College Park Maryland Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg Germany Servicio Meteorológico Nacional Buenos Aires Argentina NOAA/OAR Physical Sciences Laboratory Boulder Colorado European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Bonn Germany Center for Geophysical Research and School of Physics University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais CEMADEN São Paulo Brazil Université Grenoble Alpes Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement IRD CNRS Grenoble INP Grenoble France Hampton University Hampton Virginia Seychelles Meteorological Authority Mahe Seychelles Section for Glaciers Ice and Snow Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate Oslo Norway National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE) CARRTEL Université Savoie Mont Blanc Thonon les Bains France Graduate School of Agriculture Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Japan Science Faculty Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia University of Bremen Bremen Germany NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder Colorado Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú Lima Perú Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación – Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UV-GVA) Valencia Spain Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL) Ghent University Ghent Belgium Department o

In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all increased to record-high levels. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 419.3±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. The growth from 2022 to 2023 was 2.8 ppm, the fourth highest in the record since the 1960s. The combined short-term effects of El Niño and the long-term effects of increasing levels of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere contributed to new records for many essential climate variables reported here. The annual global temperature across land and oceans was the highest in records dating as far back as 1850, with the last seven months (June–December) having each been record warm. Over land, the globally averaged temperature was also record high. Dozens of countries reported record or near-record warmth for the year, including China and continental Europe as a whole (warmest on record), India and Russia (second warmest), and Canada (third warmest). Intense and widespread heatwaves were reported around the world. In Vietnam, an all-time national maximum temperature record of 44.2°C was observed at Tuong Duong on 7 May, surpassing the previous record of 43.4°C at Huong Khe on 20 April 2019. In Brazil, the air temperature reached 44.8°C in Araçuaí in Minas Gerais on 20 November, potentially a new national record and 12.8°C above normal. The effect of rising temperatures was apparent in the cryosphere, where snow cover extent by June 2023 was the smallest in the 56-year record for North America and seventh smallest for the Northern Hemisphere overall. Heatwaves contributed to the greatest average mass balance loss for Alpine glaciers around the world since the start of the record in 1970. Due to rapid volume loss beginning in 2021, St. A

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Hypocenter relocation of the aftershocks of the Poso, Sulawesi (Mw 6.6, May 29, 2017) event using the BMKG network data

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1987卷

作者： Pepen Supendi Andri Dian Nugraha Sri Widiyantoro 1Geophysical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia 2Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) Bandung Indonesia 3Global Geophysics Research Group Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia

On May 29, 2017, an earthquake (Mw 6.6) occurred in the Poso District, central Sulawesi. This earthquake caused damage to houses and infrastructures and several people were seriously injured. About one minute after the mainshock, aftershock sequences occurred around the fault area. Up to June 4, 2017, the BMKG network had recorded 293 aftershock events. We have successfully relocated 238 out of the 293 aftershocks using hypocenter double-difference method. The results indicate improvement in hypocenter location, where the initial earthquakes focal depths fixed at a depth of 10 km have been updated. Our results show that there are two event clusters in a northwest-southeast direction. The first cluster is indicated as aftershocks and the second one is probably the triggered seismicity by the mainshock. A validation through the histogram of travel-time residuals depicts statistically fairly good relocation results, in which the residuals are mostly close to zero.

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Recent destructive earthquakes around Garut area, West Java, Indonesia: An unidentified fault?

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1987卷

In the last two years two earthquakes occurred and caused some damages to buildings in Pangalengan (2016) and Garut (2017) regions. In this study, we have conducted hypocenter determination with high accuracy and focal mechanism analysis of the two events to estimate the type of fault slip. We have determined the earthquake locations through re-picking of the P- and S-wave arrival times recorded by the BMKG seismic network in West Java. Earthquake locations have been determined using the Hypoellipse codes that employ a single event determination method. Both of these earthquakes are indicated as a result of an unidentified fault (we name it as GARSELA fault), which has a southwest-northeast trending direction. The focal mechanism solutions for these two events show a strike-slip fault type and normal fault type, respectively. Based on our previous study, this fault has also a high seismicity activity (small events). It is suggestive that the recent two events indicate that GARSELA is an active fault.

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Preliminary focal mechanism pattern along the central part of the Great Sumatran Fault, Indonesia

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1987卷

作者： Alief Rizky Ramadhan Dian Kusumawati David P. Sahara Sri Widiyantoro 1Geophysical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia 2Earth Sciences Study Program Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia 3Global Geophysics Research Group Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia

According to the world stress map, the regional in-situ stress along the Great Sumatran Fault (GSF) is assumed to be strike-slip, and the maximum principal stress (SHmax) is oriented toward N15°E. However, this was estimated from limited global focal mechanisms available along the GSF. A larger dataset of focal mechanisms along the GSF is required to revise the solution and infer the local stress perturbation. To create a new focal mechanism catalogue of local events, we worked on waveform data from a joint seismic network of 35 stations deployed by the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) and the GeoForschungZentrum (GFZ) Germany. The seismic network has a full coverage of the Sumatran fault. From October 2008 to February 2017, there were 476 events with magnitude (Mw) greater than 3 and focal depth shallower than 100 km that occurred in the central part of GSF. Arrival time picking of P and S waves and polarity identification were performed manually using Seisgram. The polarity of P waves was then used to obtain the focal mechanism of the events in the 4 segments of GSF branches (Northwest, Southwest, Northeast, and Southeast). The new local focal mechanism catalogue can be used, together with the global one, to invert the detailed stress heterogeneity in the study area.

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Earthquake swarm analysis around Bekancan area, North Sumatra, Indonesia using the BMKG network data: Time periods of February 29, 2015 to July 10, 2017

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1987卷

作者： Andri Dian Nugraha Pepen Supendi Sri Widiyantoro Daryono Samsul Wiyono 1Global Geophysics Research Group Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia 2Geophysical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia 3Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) Bandung Indonesia 4Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) Jakarta Indonesia

Earthquake swarm are common occur around active tectonic and volcanic regions. The recent activities of swarm event occurred around Bekancan area, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia for February 29, 2015 to July 10, 2017 recorded by BMKG local/regional network. This location close to Sinabung and Sibayak volcanoes, lead to our intriguing to analysis of source mechanism and location of the swarm event. We attempted to update hypocenter location of BMKG data catalogue by applying double-difference method. We have successfully relocated of 152 swarm events in the area. The relocated events appear about 10 km northeast of Sinabung volcano with focus depth of about 0 to 30 km (below sea level), however very close to Sibayak volcano area. Overall, the dominant frequency of the event from the closest station is about 2 to 9 Hz. So, our preliminary interpretation is the location of swarm events close to Sinabung and Sibanyak volcanoes in Bekancan area which probably related to stress change due to volcanic-tectonic activity.

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