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Hypocenter relocation of the aftershocks of the Poso, Sulawesi (Mw 6.6, May 29, 2017) event using the BMKG network data

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1987卷

作者： Pepen Supendi Andri Dian Nugraha Sri Widiyantoro 1Geophysical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia 2Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) Bandung Indonesia 3Global Geophysics Research Group Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia

On May 29, 2017, an earthquake (Mw 6.6) occurred in the Poso District, central Sulawesi. This earthquake caused damage to houses and infrastructures and several people were seriously injured. About one minute after the mainshock, aftershock sequences occurred around the fault area. Up to June 4, 2017, the BMKG network had recorded 293 aftershock events. We have successfully relocated 238 out of the 293 aftershocks using hypocenter double-difference method. The results indicate improvement in hypocenter location, where the initial earthquakes focal depths fixed at a depth of 10 km have been updated. Our results show that there are two event clusters in a northwest-southeast direction. The first cluster is indicated as aftershocks and the second one is probably the triggered seismicity by the mainshock. A validation through the histogram of travel-time residuals depicts statistically fairly good relocation results, in which the residuals are mostly close to zero.

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Recent destructive earthquakes around Garut area, West Java, Indonesia: An unidentified fault?

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1987卷

In the last two years two earthquakes occurred and caused some damages to buildings in Pangalengan (2016) and Garut (2017) regions. In this study, we have conducted hypocenter determination with high accuracy and focal mechanism analysis of the two events to estimate the type of fault slip. We have determined the earthquake locations through re-picking of the P- and S-wave arrival times recorded by the BMKG seismic network in West Java. Earthquake locations have been determined using the Hypoellipse codes that employ a single event determination method. Both of these earthquakes are indicated as a result of an unidentified fault (we name it as GARSELA fault), which has a southwest-northeast trending direction. The focal mechanism solutions for these two events show a strike-slip fault type and normal fault type, respectively. Based on our previous study, this fault has also a high seismicity activity (small events). It is suggestive that the recent two events indicate that GARSELA is an active fault.

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Preliminary focal mechanism pattern along the central part of the Great Sumatran Fault, Indonesia

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1987卷

作者： Alief Rizky Ramadhan Dian Kusumawati David P. Sahara Sri Widiyantoro 1Geophysical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia 2Earth Sciences Study Program Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia 3Global Geophysics Research Group Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia

According to the world stress map, the regional in-situ stress along the Great Sumatran Fault (GSF) is assumed to be strike-slip, and the maximum principal stress (SHmax) is oriented toward N15°E. However, this was estimated from limited global focal mechanisms available along the GSF. A larger dataset of focal mechanisms along the GSF is required to revise the solution and infer the local stress perturbation. To create a new focal mechanism catalogue of local events, we worked on waveform data from a joint seismic network of 35 stations deployed by the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) and the GeoForschungZentrum (GFZ) Germany. The seismic network has a full coverage of the Sumatran fault. From October 2008 to February 2017, there were 476 events with magnitude (Mw) greater than 3 and focal depth shallower than 100 km that occurred in the central part of GSF. Arrival time picking of P and S waves and polarity identification were performed manually using Seisgram. The polarity of P waves was then used to obtain the focal mechanism of the events in the 4 segments of GSF branches (Northwest, Southwest, Northeast, and Southeast). The new local focal mechanism catalogue can be used, together with the global one, to invert the detailed stress heterogeneity in the study area.

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Mapping of earthquakes vulnerability area in Papua

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2016年第1期1730卷

作者： Muhammad Fawzy Ismullah M. Muh. Altin Massinai 1Master Program Geophysical Engineering Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering (FTTM) Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) 10 th Ganesha Street Bandung 40116 West Java INDONESIA 2Geophysics Program Study Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Hasanuddin University (UNHAS) Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10 Street Makassar 90245 South Sulawesi INDONESIA

Geohazard is a geological occurrence which may lead to a huge loss for human. A mitigation of these natural disasters is one important thing to be done properly in order to reduce the risks. One of the natural disasters that frequently occurs in the Papua Province is the earthquake. This study applies the principle of Geospatial and its application for mapping the earthquake-prone area in the Papua region. It uses earthquake data, which is recorded for 36 years (1973-2009), fault location map, and ground acceleration map of the area. The earthquakes and fault map are rearranged into an earthquake density map, as well as an earthquake depth density map and fault density map. The overlaid data of these three maps onto ground acceleration map are then (compiled) to obtain an earthquake unit map. Some districts area, such as Sarmi, Nabire, and Dogiyai, are identified by a high vulnerability index. In the other hand, Waropen, Puncak, Merauke, Asmat, Mappi, and Bouven Digoel area shows lower index. Finally, the vulnerability index in other places is detected as moderate.

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Coupled Hydraulic and Mechanics Finite Element Modeling of CO2 Injection into a Layered Isotropic Media Using FEHM

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019年第1期318卷

作者： Herdis Haerusalam David P. Sahara Fatkhan Study Program of Geophysical Engineering Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Global Geophysics Research Group Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Insitut Teknologi Bandung Ganesha 19 Bandung 40132 Indonesia Exploration and Engineering Seismology Research Group Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia

CO2 injection into the hydrocarbon reservoir affects the subsurface mechanics and hydraulic condition. The injection has to be performed in a way that there will be no reservoir and/or top seal failure. In such case, a simulation of the injected fluid propagation needs to be performed to see its possible impact to the top seal and existing major faults. We use finite element method to perform this injection simulation. In this research, we use open source software Finite Element Heat and Mass Transfer Code (FEHM) to simulate CO2 injection processes into reservoir. Subsurface geological model was constructed in a dimension of 3000 m (easting) x 3000 m (northing) x 2000 m (vertical). Vertically, it consists of four layers which represent upper layer (400 m), top seal (200 m), reservoir (900 m), and basement (500m). The grid around the reservoir rocks is refined to give more detail results. The open hole injection is set at 850 - 890 m depth, 1500 m easting and 1500 m northing. The material is assumed to be isotropic. The initial pressure and temperature increase as a function of depth with a pressure gradient of 0.00981 MPa/m and a temperature gradient of 0.025 degrees C/m. A vertical fault is modelled at 600 m eastern to the injection well. Injection process is carried out with 6 kg/s of CO2 injection with simulation time for ten years to see its impact to the fault. A vertical fault is The modelling results show that the CO2 injection will not reactivate the fault at 10 years.

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Tectonics earthquake distribution pattern analysis based focal mechanisms (Case study Sulawesi Island, 1993–2012)

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2015年第1期1658卷

作者： Muh. Fawzy Ismullah M. Lantu Sabrianto Aswad Muh. Altin Massinai 1Master Program Geophysical Engineering Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering (FTTM) Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) Jl. Ganesha no. 10 Bandung 40116 Jawa Barat INDONESIA 2Geophysics Program Study Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Hasanuddin University (UNHAS) Jl. PerintisKemerdekaan Km. 10 Makassar 90245 Sulawesi Selatan INDONESIA

Indonesia is the meeting zone between three world main plates: Eurasian Plate, Pacific Plate, and Indo – Australia Plate. Therefore, Indonesia has a high seismicity degree. Sulawesi is one of whose high seismicity level. The earthquake centre lies in fault zone so the earthquake data gives tectonic visualization in a certain place. This research purpose is to identify Sulawesi tectonic model by using earthquake data from 1993 to 2012. Data used in this research is the earthquake data which consist of: the origin time, the epicenter coordinate, the depth, the magnitude and the fault parameter (strike, dip and slip). The result of research shows that there are a lot of active structures as a reason of the earthquake in Sulawesi. The active structures are Walannae Fault, Lawanopo Fault, Matano Fault, Palu – Koro Fault, Batui Fault and Moluccas Sea Double Subduction. The focal mechanism also shows that Walannae Fault, Batui Fault and Moluccas Sea Double Subduction are kind of reverse fault. While Lawanopo Fault, Matano Fault and Palu – Koro Fault are kind of strike slip fault.

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Preliminary result of 3-D attenuation tomography beneath Sunda Strait and western part of Java

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2017年第1期1857卷

作者： Muhajir Anshori Andri Dian Nugraha Nanang T. Puspito 1Master Student of Earth Science Study Program Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology InstitutTeknologi Bandung Indonesia 2Indonesian Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency (MCGA) Indonesia 3Global Geophysics Research Group Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering InstitutTeknologi Bandung Indonesia

Sunda strait lies in the transition zone of two different subduction system that is almost perpendicular to the subduction in southern Java and oblique subduction in western Sumatra. The series of major disasters such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions is a manifestation of its tectonic setting complexity. We used selected waveform data from724 earthquakes that occurred around the Sunda strait and western part of Java from 2009 – 2015 recorded by 21 MCGA network stations to construct three dimensional image of seismic attenuation. Frequency independent attenuation operators (t*) was determined using spectral fitting method for P and S wave arrivals, respectively. The inversion was performed using simul2000 algorithm to image the lateral and vertical variations of Qp and Qs value in the Sunda Strait and western part of Java. Some interesting features such as subducting slab, mantle wedge, magma chamber under volcanos and fault zones can be imaged well.

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Earthquake swarm analysis around Bekancan area, North Sumatra, Indonesia using the BMKG network data: Time periods of February 29, 2015 to July 10, 2017

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1987卷

作者： Andri Dian Nugraha Pepen Supendi Sri Widiyantoro Daryono Samsul Wiyono 1Global Geophysics Research Group Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia 2Geophysical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung 40132 Indonesia 3Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) Bandung Indonesia 4Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) Jakarta Indonesia

Earthquake swarm are common occur around active tectonic and volcanic regions. The recent activities of swarm event occurred around Bekancan area, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia for February 29, 2015 to July 10, 2017 recorded by BMKG local/regional network. This location close to Sinabung and Sibayak volcanoes, lead to our intriguing to analysis of source mechanism and location of the swarm event. We attempted to update hypocenter location of BMKG data catalogue by applying double-difference method. We have successfully relocated of 152 swarm events in the area. The relocated events appear about 10 km northeast of Sinabung volcano with focus depth of about 0 to 30 km (below sea level), however very close to Sibayak volcano area. Overall, the dominant frequency of the event from the closest station is about 2 to 9 Hz. So, our preliminary interpretation is the location of swarm events close to Sinabung and Sibanyak volcanoes in Bekancan area which probably related to stress change due to volcanic-tectonic activity.

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Analysis of Mw 7.2 2014 Molucca Sea earthquake and its aftershocks

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2016年第1期1730卷

作者： Hasbi Ash Shiddiqi Sri Widiyantoro Andri Dian Nugraha Mohamad Ramdhan Samsul Hadi Wiyono Wandono Wandono 1Study Program of Earth Sciences Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia 2Global Geophysics Research Group Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Institute of Technology Bandung Indonesia 3Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia Jl. Angkasa 1 No. 2 Kemayoran Jakarta Indonesia

A Mw 7.2 earthquake struck an area in the Molucca Sea region on November 15, 2014, and was followed by more than 300 aftershocks until the end of December 2014. This earthquake was the second largest event in the Molucca Sea during the last decade and was well recorded by local networks. Although the seismicity rate of the aftershocks was declining at the end of 2014, several significant earthquakes with magnitude (Mw) larger than five still occurred from January to May 2015 within the vicinity of the mainshock location. In this study, we investigated the earthquake process and its relation to the increasing seismicity in the Molucca Sea within six months after the earthquake. We utilized teleseismic double-difference hypocenter relocation method using local, regional, and teleseismic direct body-wave arrival times of 514 earthquakes from the time of mainshock occurrence to May 2015. Furthermore, we analyzed the focal mechanism solutions from the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED), Japan. From our results, we observed that aftershocks propagated along the NNE-SSW direction within a 100 km fault segment length of the Mayu Ridge. The highest number of the aftershocks was located in the SSW direction of the main event. The aftershocks were terminated at around 60 km depth, which may represent the location of the top of the Molucca Sea Plate (MSP). Between January and May 2015, several significant earthquakes propagated westward and were extended to the Molucca Sea slab. From focal mechanism catalog, we found that the mainshock mechanism was reverse with strike 192o and dip 55o. While most of the large aftershock mechanisms were consistent with the main event, several aftershocks had reverse, oblique mechanisms. Stress inversion result from focal mechanism data revealed that the maximum stress direction was SE and was not perpendicular with fault direction. We suggest that the non-perpendicular maximum stress caused several afte

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Hypocenter relocation of earthquake swarm around Jailolo volcano, North Molucca, Indonesia using the BMKG network data: Time periods of September 27-October 10, 2017

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1987卷

A year after the hundreds of earthquake swarm last year (2015-2016), recent swarm activity in Jailolo, north of Maluku area, Indonesia began to reactivated. We have successfully relocated 108 out of the 130 earthquake swarm from September 27 to October 10, 2017 by using the BMKG network data through hypocenter double-difference method. The results indicate improvement in hypocenter location, where the initial earthquake focal depths fixed at a depth of 10 km has been updated. A validation through the histogram of travel-time residual depicts good relocation results, in which the residual values are mostly close to zero. The relocated hypocenters are located close to Jailolo volcano area which has focus depths of about 5 – 30 km. We analyzed of waveform of several swarm events (with largest and smallest magnitude) which are recorded by the nearest BMKG station and show has frequency range of 2 to 8 Hz. Our preliminary interpretation, these swarm events probably associated with stress change due to combination of tectonic and deep magma activity in the area.

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