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Brazilian Power Electronics Conference, COBEP

作者： Dayane do Carmo Mendonça João Marcus Soares Callegari Allan Fagner Cupertino Heverton Augusto Pereira Seleme Isaac Seleme Júnior Remus Teodorescu Grad. Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Federal University of Viçosa Viçosa MG Brazil Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781665421300

The delta connected cascade H-Bridge converter (Delta-HUB) has emerged as an interesting topology for STATCOM applications. A drawback of this topology is the low-frequency ripple in the sub module voltage that leads to high energy storage requirements. Due to the inherent characteristic of Delta-HUB topology, the zero sequence components present in the circulating current do not flow into the grid. This work aims to explore the third harmonic circulating current injection to minimize energy storage requirements, since this method changes the shape of the capacitor voltage waveform. Initially, the expression of the sum of the capacitor voltages is analytically derived. Then, the third harmonic injection is evaluated based on 17 MVA/13.8 kV Delta-HUB case study with 24 cells per cluster. Also, the methodology was evaluated with an experimental setup based on 500 VA/220 V submodule. The results indicate a reduction in the capacitor voltage ripple of 26.64% and 62.10%, when the converter is injecting and absorbing nominal reactive power from the grid, respectively.

关键词： Reactive power Shape Capacitors Voltage Switches Power system harmonics Harmonic analysis

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Mitigating urban heat islands: Enhancing outdoor comfort with retro-reflective building materials through computational-fluid-dynamics analysis

Next Research

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Next Research 2025年第2期2卷

作者： Jihui Yuan Da Yan Xiong Xiao Yasuhiro Shimazaki Yupeng Wang Zhichao Jiao Zhengsong Lin Marko Bizjak Craig Farnham Kazuo Emura Department of Living Environment Design Grad. School of Human Life and Ecology Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan Department of Architecture and Civil Eng. Grad. School of Eng. Toyohashi University of Technology Aichi Japan Building Energy Research Center School of Architecture Tsinghua University Beijing China School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road Xi'an Shaanxi Province China College of Art & Design Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Maribor Koroška cesta 46 SI 2000 Maribor Slovenia

This study aims to delineate the origin, purpose, process, and results of the research, focusing on investigating the impact of different exterior wall materials on outdoor thermal indicators in Nagoya, Japan. The ultimate goal is to mitigate the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect and improve urban outdoor thermal comfort. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is employed to evaluate two types of exterior wall materials: diffuse highly reflective (DHR) and retro-reflective (RR) materials. The research process involves assessing various outdoor thermal indices, such as wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), standard effective temperature (SET*), and universal thermal climate index (UTCI), in order to comprehend the thermal performance of each material. The results of the study indicate that the RR material consistently outperforms the DHR material in terms of outdoor thermal comfort, despite having slightly lower solar reflectance. This is supported by lower surface temperatures and surface heat flow associated with the RR material, suggesting reduced indoor cooling loads and significant energy savings for cooling purposes. These findings highlight the potential of RR material in mitigating the UHI effect and enhancing urban outdoor thermal conditions. By establishing a critical relationship between exterior wall materials and outdoor thermal indicators, this study proposes the adoption of RR materials for urban building exteriors as a sustainable and economically viable solution to improve urban outdoor thermal comfort and enhance the quality of life for residents.

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Stabilization of THz waves using chaos supremacy

Stabilization of THz waves using chaos supremacy

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International Conference on Smart Green Technology in electrical and Information Systems (ICSGTEIS)

作者： Fumiyoshi Kuwashima Mona Jarrahi Semih Cakmakyapan Kenji Wada Masanobu Haraguchi Yuki Kawakami Takeshi Moriyasu Osamu Morikawa Kazuyoshi Kurihara Hideaki Kitahara Takashi Furuya Makoto Nakajima Masahiko Tani Dep. of Electr. and Electron. Eng. Fukui University of Technology Fukui Japan Electrical and Computer Eng. UCLA Los Angeles CA USA Dep. of Physics and Electronics Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan Industrial and Social Science Grad. Sch. of Tech. Tokushima Univ. Tokushima Japan Dep. of Elec. and Inf. Eng. Natl. Inst. of Tech. Fukui Col. Fukui Japan Faculty of Engineering University of Fukui Fukui Japan Chair of Liberal Arts Japan Coast Guard Academy Kure Japan School of Education University. of Fukui Fukui Japan FIR-UF University of Fukui Fukui Japan Inst. of Laser Engineering Osaka Univ. Osaka Japan

We apply the chaos supremacy of laser chaos system to the high stabilization of THz waves. Stability was demonstrated by down converting the optical beats between laser longitudinal modes in the THz domain to the radio frequency domain and comparing a conventional free running CW laser diode to a chaotically oscillating laser diode. Because of their exceptional stability, chaotically oscillating lasers are attractive options for optical pump sources in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy systems.

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Increasing laser-doping depth of al in 4H-SiC by using expanded-pulse excimer laser 12th

Increasing laser-doping depth of al in 4H-SiC by using expan...

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12th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials, ECSCRM 2018

作者： Ikeda, Akihiro Shimokawa, Takashi Ikenoue, Hiroshi Asano, Tanemasa Department of Computer and Information Sciences Sojo University Ikeda 4-22-1 Nish-ku Kumamoto860-0082 Japan Grad. School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering Kyushu University Moto-oka 744 Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan Department of Gigaphoton Next GLP Kyushu Univ 744 Moto-oka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9783035713329

Al doping into 4H-SiC performed by irradiating pulse-width-expanded excimer laser to an Al film deposited on the 4H-SiC surface is investigated. An optical pulse stretcher was constructed to produce the laser pulse whose peak intensity was reduced as half as that of the original pulse and pulse width was expanded from 55 ns to 100 ns. The irradiation of the expanded pulses is found to reduce the ablation of the materials from the surface and enable irradiation of multiple shots. As a result, Al doping depth is significantly increased. The multiple shots of the expanded pulses are also found to decrease the sensitivity to spatial non-uniformity of laser intensity and increase the uniformity of doped region. © 2019 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Silicon carbide

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Extreme grad.ent boosting approach with differential evolution tuning applied on service time prediction of fire events 9th

Extreme gradient boosting approach with differential evoluti...

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9th International Joint Conference on Computational Intelligence, IJCCI 2017

作者： Boaretto, Marco A. R. Busatto, Rafael Commim Dos S Coelho, Leandro Federal University of Parana Electrical Engineering Graduate Program Curitiba Brazil Pontifical Catholic University of Parana Industrial and Systems Eng. Grad. Program Curitiba Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9789897582745

The problems related with urban fires brings destruction, casualties and economic issues to the country. On aiming to decrease the risk specially on populous areas, the development of classification and/or forecasting systems are needed to detect these events. This paper presents a new case of study related with fire incidents to create a predictor with a machine learning technique allied with an optimization technique. Differential evolution (DE) is a population-based stochastic search evolutionary algorithm applied to nonlinear, nondifferentiable, and continuous space functions. It has shown good performance on a wide range of benchmark problems as well as many real-world applications. Extreme grad.ent boosting machine (XGBoost) is an efficient boosting technique that is getting a lot of attention because of its success on winning several of competitions hosted by the site Kaggle. However, XGBoost's hyper-parameters tuning process demands a high effort and computational time, hence the application of an optimization technique as DE. In this context, DE showed to be an efficient and robust optimization tool, presenting good and stable results on the adopted tests. Along with the XGBoost hyper-parameter tuning optimized approach, this paper presents a novel database from service times of real fire incidents of the years 2013 and 2014 that were gathered with the Fire Department of the state of Paraná on the city of Curitiba in Brazil (FDPRC). The regression results could contribute with FDPRC, to speed up the location reckoning process of the fire incidents, improving the answering time of the calling. Copyright © 2017 by SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved.

关键词： Evolutionary algorithms

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Real-Time 2-D FIR Trapezoidal Digital Filters for 2.4 GHz Aperture Receiver Applications

Real-Time 2-D FIR Trapezoidal Digital Filters for 2.4 GHz Ap...

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Moratuwa engineering Research Conference (MERCon)

作者： Viduneth Ariyarathna Vítor A. Coutinho Sravan Pulipati Arjuna Madanayake Ravi T. Wijesekara Chamira U. S. Edussooriya‡ Len T. Bruton§ Thushara K. Gunaratne Renato J. Cintra Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Akron USA Grad. Program in Electrical Engineering and Signal Processing Group Statistics UFPE Brazil Dept. of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering University of Moratuwa Sri Lanka University of Moratuwa Moratuwa LK University of Calgary Calgary AB CA Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics National Research Council Canada

This paper presents the implementation of a two-dimensional (2-D) finite-impulse-response (FIR) trapezoidal filter based beamforming array receiver. A 2.4 GHz 16-element receive-mode IQ array is designed and used for physically measuring the beam patterns corresponding to 2-D FIR trapezoidal filters. The 16-element beamformer is implemented using the reconfigurable open architecture computing hardware version-2 (ROACH-2) field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform to perform analog to digital conversion and digital signal processing. The 2-D FIR trapezoidal filter is designed as a 16-spatial input 32-tap filter and is implemented targeting the ROACH-2's Xilinx Virtex 6 (sx475t) FPGA chip as a filter-and-sum architecture. The receiver array is precisely rotated (keeping the transmitter fixed) to digitally measure the received energy by integrating the instantaneous power of the output of the 2-D FIR trapezoidal filter for each angle of reception. The main lobe of the measured beam pattern is well aligned with the simulated beam pattern, and the highest measured side-lobe level is -17.8 dB.

关键词： Finite impulse response filters Array signal processing Antenna arrays Receivers Extraterrestrial measurements computer architecture Field programmable gate arrays

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Triboelectric backgrounds to radio-based polar ultra-high energy neutrino (UHEN) experiments

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Astroparticle Physics 2023年 145卷

作者： Aguilar, J.A. Anker, A. Allison, P. Archambault, S. Baldi, P. Barwick, S.W. Beatty, J.J. Beise, J. Besson, D. Bishop, A. Bondarev, E. Botner, O. Bouma, S. Buitink, S. Cataldo, M. Chen, C.C. Chen, C.H. Chen, P. Chen, Y.C. Choi, T. Clark, B.A. Clay, W. Curtis-Ginsberg, Z. Connolly, A. Cremonesi, L. Dasgupta, P. Davies, J. de Kockere, S. de Vries, K.D. Deaconu, C. DuVernois, M.A. Flaherty, J. Friedman, E. Gaior, R. Gaswint, G. Glaser, C. Hallgren, A. Hallmann, S. Ham, Y.-B. Hanson, J.C. Harty, N. Hendricks, B. Hoffman, K.D. Hong, E. Hornhuber, C. Hsu, S.Y. Hu, L. Huang, J.J. Huang, M.-H. Hughes, K. Ishihara, A. Jee, G. Jung, J. Karle, A. Kelley, J.L. Klein, S.R. Kleinfelder, S.A. Kim, J. Kim, K.-C. Kim, M.-C. Kravchenko, I. Krebs, R. Ku, Y. Kuo, C.Y. Kurusu, K. Kwon, Hyuck-Jin Lahmann, R. Landsman, H. Latif, U. Lee, C. Leung, C.-H. Li, C.-J. Liu, J. Liu, T.-C. Lu, M.-Y. Madison, K. Mammo, J. Mase, K. McAleer, S. Meures, T. Meyers, Z.S. Michaels, K. Mikhailova, M. Mulrey, K. Nam, J. Nichol, R.J. Nir, G. Nelles, A. Novikov, A. Nozdrina, A. Oberla, E. Oeyen, B. Osborn, J. Pan, Y. Pandya, H. Paul, M.P. Persichilli, C. Pfendner, C. Plaisier, I. Punsuebsay, N. Pyras, L. Rice-Smith, R. Roth, J. Ryckbosch, D. Scholten, O. Seckel, D. Seikh, M.F.H. Shiao, Y.-S. Shin, B.-K. Shultz, A. Smith, D. Southall, D. Tatar, J. Torres, J. Toscano, S. Tosi, D. Touart, J. Van Den Broeck, D.J. van Eijndhoven, N. Varner, G.S. Vieregg, A.G. Wang, M.-Z. Wang, S.-H. Wang, Y.H. Welling, C. Williams, D.R. Wissel, S. Xie, C. Yoshida, S. Young, R. Zhao, L. Zink, A. Universite Libre de Bruxelles Science Faculty CP230 BrusselsB-1050 Belgium Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Department of Physics Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Department of Physics Chiba University Chiba Japan Department of Information and Computer Science University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Uppsala University Department of Physics and Astronomy UppsalaSE-752 37 Sweden University of Kansas Department of Physics and Astronomy LawrenceKS66045 United States Department of Physics University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States ECAP Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen91058 Germany Vrije Universiteit Brussel Astrophysical Institute Pleinlaan 2 Brussels1050 Belgium Department of Physics Grad. Inst. of Astrophys. Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Polar Science Korea University of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea Republic of Division of Atmospheric Sciences Korea Polar Research Institute Incheon Korea Republic of Department of Astronomy Space Science and Geology Chungnam National University Daejeon34134 Korea Republic of Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East Lansing MI48824 United States Department of Physics Enrico Fermi Institute Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London London United Kingdom Vrije Universiteit Brussel Dienst ELEM Brussels Belgium Department of Physics University of Maryland College Park MD20742 United States Whittier College Department of Physics WhittierCA90602 United States Department of Physics University of Delaware NewarkDE19716 United States Department of Physics Pennsylvania State University University Par

In the hopes of observing the highest-energy neutrinos (E>1 EeV) populating the Universe, both past (RICE, AURA, ANITA) and current (RNO-G, ARIANNA, ARA and TAROGE-M) polar-sited experiments exploit the impulsive radio emission produced by neutrino interactions. In such experiments, rare single event candidates must be unambiguously identified above backgrounds. Background rejection strategies to date primarily target thermal noise fluctuations and also impulsive radio-frequency signals of anthropogenic origin. In this paper, we consider the possibility that ‘fake’ neutrino signals may also be generated naturally via the ‘triboelectric effect.’ This broadly describes any process in which force applied at a boundary layer results in displacement of surface charge, leading to the production of an electrostatic potential difference ΔV. Wind blowing over granular surfaces such as snow can induce such a potential difference, with subsequent coronal discharge. Discharges over timescales as short as nanoseconds can then lead to radio-frequency emissions at characteristic MHz–GHz frequencies. Using data from various past (RICE, AURA, SATRA, ANITA) and current (RNO-G, ARIANNA and ARA) neutrino experiments, we find evidence for such backgrounds, which are generally characterized by: (a) a threshold wind velocity which likely depends on the experimental trigger criteria and layout;for the experiments considered herein, this value is typically O(10 m/s), (b) frequency spectra generally shifted to the low-end of the frequency regime to which current radio experiments are typically sensitive (100–200 MHz), (c) for the strongest background signals, an apparent preference for discharges from above-surface structures, although the presence of more isotropic, lower amplitude triboelectric discharges cannot be excluded. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Cosmology

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Real-time data analytics framework for cloud-based digital map 36th

Real-time data analytics framework for cloud-based digital m...

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36th FISITA World Automotive Congress, 2016

作者： Park, Daedong Kim, Jungho Kim, Myungsun Hong, Seongsoo Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of Grad. School of Convergence Science and Tech Seoul National University Korea Republic of

A cloud-based digital map has emerged as one of core enabling features for future automated driving. A cloud infrastructure for such digital maps must orchestrate vehicles, cloud servers and the connectivity infrastructure in collecting, analyzing, synthesizing and transferring the huge amount of digital map data. Since advanced driving features for future connected vehicles are often safety-critical, a data analytics framework for cloud-based digital maps inherits the same type of requirements. Unfortunately, due to the non-deterministic latencies of the wide area network, existing data analytics frameworks deployed on the current cloud infrastructure are not eligible for our purpose. In this paper, we propose a new real-time data analytics framework that guarantees the timeliness requirements for supporting cloud-based digital maps. We start with discussing a new computing model that exploits the computing resources of an edge node as well as those of a cloud server. We name it cloud edge computing where data communications between an edge node and a cloud server are avoided as much as possible by caching a geospatial subset of the global map data at an edge node. The proposed framework that runs on the cloud edge computing architecture has four crucial components. They cooperate to generate the up-to-date map data and deliver it to a moving vehicle in real-time. We also investigate two technical challenges that arise in dealing with the huge amount of digital map data. © 2016, FISITA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vehicles

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Integrated mechatronics design of flexure joint and controller in dual-drive gantry: a constrained H2 optimization approach

Integrated mechatronics design of flexure joint and controll...

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2017 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, AIM 2017

作者： Ma, Jun Chen, Si-Lu Kamaldin, Nazir Teo, Chek Sing Tay, Arthur Mamun, Abdullah Al Tan, Kok Kiong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering SIMTech-NUS Joint Lab on Precision Motion Systems National University of Singapore 117582 Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 117576 Singapore Mechatronics Group Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology 138634 Singapore Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Technology Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang315121 China NUS Grad. School for Inte. Sci. and Eng. and Department of Electrical Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 119077 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781509059980

The dual-drive H gantry is widely used in many industrial processes that require high precision Cartesian motion. The conventional rigid-link version suffers breaking down of joints if any de-synchronization between the two carriages occurs. To prevent above potential risk, a novel biaxial gantry with flexure-links is designed to allow a small rotation angle of the cross-Arm. Nevertheless, the chattering of control signals and inappropriate design of the flexure joint will possibly induce resonant modes of the end effector. Thus, in this work, the design requirements in terms of tracking accuracy, biaxial synchronization, and resonant mode suppression are achieved by integrated optimization of the stiffness of flexures and PID controller parameters for a class of point-To-point trajectories with same dynamics but different steps. From here, an H2 optimization with defined constraints is formulated, and an efficient iterative solver is proposed by hybridizing direct computation of constrained projection grad.ent and line search of optimal steps. Comparative experiments results obtained on the testbed are presented to verify the effectiveness of proposed method. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Constrained optimization

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Triboelectric Backgrounds to Radio-based Polar UHE Neutrino Experiments

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Aguilar, J.A. Anker, A. Allison, P. Archambault, S. Baldi, P. Barwick, S.W. Beatty, J.J. Beise, J. Besson, Dave Bishop, A. Bondarev, E. Botner, O. Bouma, S. Buitink, S. Cataldo, M. Chen, C.C. Chen, C.H. Chen, P. Chen, Y.C. Choi, T. Clark, B.A. Clay, W. Curtis-Ginsberg, Z. Connolly, A. Cremonesi, L. Dasgupta, P. Davies, J. De Kockere, S. De Vries, K.D. Deaconu, C. DuVernois, M.A. Flaherty, J. Friedman, E. Gaior, R. Gaswint, G. Glaser, C. Hallgren, A. Hallmann, S. Ham, Y.-B. Hanson, J.C. Harty, N. Hendricks, B. Hoffman, K.D. Hong, E. Hornhuber, C. Hsu, S.Y. Hu, L. Huang, J.J. Huang, M.-H. Hughes, K. Ishihara, A. Jee, G. Jung, J. Karle, A. Kelley, J.L. Klein, S.R. Kleinfelder, S.A. Kim, J. Kim, K.-C. Kim, M.-C. Kravchenko, I. Krebs, R. Ku, Y. Kuo, C.Y. Kurusu, K. Kwon, Hyuck-Jin Lahmann, R. Landsman, H. Latif, U. Lee, C. Leung, C.-H. Li, C.-J. Liu, J. Liu, T.-C. Lu, M.-Y. Madison, K. Mammo, J. Mase, K. McAleer, S. Meures, T. Meyers, Z.S. Michaels, K. Mikhailova, M. Mulrey, K. Nam, J. Nichol, R.J. Nir, G. Nelles, A. Novikov, A. Nozdrina, A. Oberla, E. Oeyen, B. Osborn, J. Pan, Y. Pandya, H. Paul, M.P. Persichilli, C. Pfendner, C. Plaisier, I. Punsuebsay, N. Pyras, L. Rice-Smith, R. Roth, J. Ryckbosch, D. Scholten, O. Seckel, D. Seikh, M.F.H. Shiao, Y.-S. Shin, B.-K. Shultz, A. Smith, D. Southall, D. Tatar, J. Torres, J. Toscano, S. Tosi, D. Touart, J. Van Den Broeck, D.J. van Eijndhoven, N. Varner, G.S. Vieregg, A.G. Wang, M.-Z. Wang, S.-H. Wang, Y.H. Welling, C. Williams, D.R. Wissel, S. Xie, C. Yoshida, S. Young, R. Zhao, L. Zink, A. Universite Libre de Bruxelles Science Faculty CP230 BrusselsB-1050 Belgium Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Dept. of Physics Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Dept. of Physics Chiba University Chiba Japan Department of Information and Computer Science University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Uppsala University Department of Physics and Astronomy UppsalaSE-752 37 Sweden University of Kansas Department of Physics and Astronomy LawrenceKS66045 United States Dept. of Physics University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States ECAP Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen91058 Germany Vrije Universiteit Brussel Astrophysical Institute Pleinlaan 2 Brussels1050 Belgium Dept. of Physics Grad. Inst. of Astrophys. Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Polar Science Korea University of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea Republic of Division of Atmospheric Sciences Korea Polar Research Institute Incheon Korea Republic of Department of Astronomy Space Science and Geology Chungnam National University Daejeon34134 Korea Republic of Dept. of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States Dept. of Physics Enrico Fermi Institue Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Dept. of Physics and Astronomy University College London London United Kingdom Vrije Universiteit Brussel Dienst ELEM Brussels Belgium Dept. of Physics University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Whittier College Department of Physics WhittierCA90602 United States Dept. of Physics University of Delaware NewarkDE19716 United States Dept. of Physics Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Center for Multi-Messenger

The proposed IceCube-Gen2 seeks to instrument approximately 500 square kilometers of Antarctic ice near the geographic South Pole with radio antennas, in the hopes of observing the highest-energy neutrinos (E>1 EeV) populating the Universe. For this purpose IceCube-Gen2 will exploit the impulsive radio emission produced by neutrino interactions in the polar ice cap. In such polar-sited radio-frequency neutrino search experiments, rare single event candidates must be unambiguously identified above backgrounds. Background rejection strategies to date primarily target thermal noise fluctuations and also impulsive radio-frequency signals of anthropogenic origin. In this paper, we consider the possibility that ‘fake’ neutrino signals may also be generated naturally via the ‘triboelectric effect.’ This broadly describes any process in which force applied at a boundary layer results in displacement of surface charge, leading to the production of an electrostatic potential difference ∆V. Wind blowing over granular surfaces such as snow can induce such a potential difference, with subsequent coronal discharge. Discharges over timescales as short as nanoseconds can then lead to radio-frequency emissions at characteristic MHz – GHz frequencies. Using data from various past and current neutrino experiments, we find that such backgrounds are observed by all radio neutrino experiments and are generally characterized by: a) a threshold wind velocity which likely depends on the experimental signal trigger threshold and layout;for the experiments considered herein, this value is typically O(10 m/s), b) frequency spectra generally shifted to the low-end of the frequency regime to which current radio experiments are typically sensitive (100-200 MHz), c) for the strongest background signals, an apparent preference for discharges from above-surface structures, although the presence of more isotropic, lower amplitude triboelectric discharges cannot be excluded. Copyright © 2021, The Auth

关键词： Boundary layers

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