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arXiv 2017年

作者： Kasliwal, M.M. Nakar, E. Singer, L.P. Kaplan, D.L. Cook, D.O. van Sistine, A. Lau, R.M. Fremling, C. Gottlieb, O. Jencson, J.E. Adams, S.M. Feindt, U. Hotokezaka, K. Ghosh, S. Perley, D.A. Yu, P.-C. Piran, T. Allison, J.R. Anupama, G.C. Balasubramanian, A. Bannister, K.W. Bally, J. Barnes, J. Barway, S. Bellm, E. Bhalerao, V. Bhattacharya, D. Blagorodnova, N. Bloom, J.S. Brady, P.R. Cannella, C. Chatterjee, D. Cenko, S.B. Cobb, B.E. Copperwheat, C. Corsi, A. De, K. Dobie, D. Emery, S.W.K. Evans, P.A. Fox, O.D. Frail, D.A. Frohmaier, C. Goobar, A. Hallinan, G. Harrison, F. Helou, G. Hinderer, T. Ho, A.Y.Q. Horesh, A. Ip, W.-H. Itoh, R. Kasen, D. Kim, H. Kuin, N.P.M. Kupfer, T. Lynch, C. Madsen, K. Mazzali, P.A. Miller, A.A. Mooley, K. Murphy, T. Ngeow, C.-C. Nichols, D. Nissanke, S. Nugent, P. Ofek, E.O. Qi, H. Quimby, R.M. Rosswog, S. Rusu, F. Sadler, E.M. Schmidt, P. Sollerman, J. Steele, I. Williamson, A.R. Xu, Y. Yan, L. Yatsu, Y. Zhang, C. Zhao, W. Division of Physics Math and Astronomy California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard PasadenaCA91125 United States Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv69978 Israel Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Joint Space-Science Institute University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Department of Physics University of Wisconsin MilwaukeeWI53201 United States The Oskar Klein Centre Department of Physics Stockholm University AlbaNova StockholmSE-106 91 Sweden Center for Computational Astrophysics Simons Foundation Flatiron Institute 162 5th Ave New YorkNY10010 United States Astrophysics Research Institute Liverpool John Moores University IC2 Liverpool Science Park 146 Browlow Hill LiverpoolL3 5RF United Kingdom Graduate Institute of Astronomy National Central University No. 300 Zhongda Rd. Zhongli Dist. Taoyuan City32001 Taiwan Racah Institute of Physics The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem91904 Israel Sydney Institute for Astronomy School of Physics A28 University of Sydney NSW2006 Australia Indian Institute of Astrophysics II Block Koramangala Bangalore560034 India Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune411008 India Australia Telescope National Facility Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Astronomy and Space Science PO Box 76 EppingNSW1710 Australia University of Colorado Boulder United States Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States P.O. Box 9 Observatory Cape Town7935 South Africa Department of Astronomy University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai400076 India Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics P O Ba 4 Ganeskhind Pune411007 India Department of Astronomy University of California BerkeleyCA94720-

Merging neutron stars offer an exquisite laboratory for simultaneously studying strong-field gravity and matter in extreme environments. We establish the physical association of an electromagnetic counterpart (EM170817) to gravitational waves (GW170817) detected from merging neutron stars. By synthesizing a panchromatic dataset, we demonstrate that merging neutron stars are a long-sought production site forging heavy elements by r-process nucleosynthesis. The weak gamma-rays seen in EM170817 are dissimilar to classical short gamma-ray bursts with ultra-relativistic jets. Instead, we suggest that breakout of a wide-angle, mildly-relativistic cocoon engulfing the jet elegantly explains the low-luminosity gamma-rays, the high-luminosity ultraviolet-optical-infrared and the delayed radio/X-ray emission. We posit that all merging neutron stars may lead to a wide-angle cocoon breakout;sometimes accompanied by a successful jet and sometimes a choked jet. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Merging

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Abstracts from the 8th International Conference on cGMP Generators, Effectors and Therapeutic Implications : Bamberg, Germany. 23-25 June, 2017

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BMC pharmacology & toxicology 2017年第SUPPL 1期18卷 64-64页

作者： Todd Milne, G. Sandner, Peter Lincoln, Kathleen A. Harrison, Paul C. Chen, Hongxing Wang, Hong Clifford, Holly Qian, Hu Sheng Wong, Diane Sarko, Chris Fryer, Ryan Richman, Jeremy Reinhart, Glenn A. Boustany, Carine M. Pullen, Steven S. Andresen, Henriette Moltzau, Lise Román Cataliotti, Alessandro Levy, Finn Olav Lukowski, Robert Frankenreiter, Sandra Friebe, Andreas Calamaras, Timothy Baumgartner, Robert McLaughlin, Angela Aronovitz, Mark Baur, Wendy Wang, Guang-Rong Kapur, Navin Karas, Richard Blanton, Robert Hell, Stefan Waldman, Scott A. Lin, Jieru E. Colon-Gonzalez, Francheska Kim, Gilbert W. Blomain, Erik S. Merlino, Dante Snook, Adam Erdmann, Jeanette Wobst, Jana Kessler, Thorsten Schunkert, Heribert Walter, Ulrich Pagel, Oliver Walter, Elena Gambaryan, Stepan Smolenski, Albert Jurk, Kerstin Zahedi, Rene Klinger, James R. Benza, Raymond L. Corris, Paul A. Langleben, David Naeije, Robert Simonneau, Gérald Meier, Christian Colorado, Pablo Chang, Mi Kyung Busse, Dennis Hoeper, Marius M. Masferrer, Jaime L. Jacobson, Sarah Liu, Guang Sarno, Renee Bernier, Sylvie Zhang, Ping Flores-Costa, Roger Currie, Mark Hall, Katherine Möhrle, Dorit Reimann, Katrin Wolter, Steffen Wolters, Markus Mergia, Evanthia Eichert, Nicole Geisler, Hyun-Soon Ruth, Peter Feil, Robert Zimmermann, Ulrike Koesling, Doris Knipper, Marlies Rüttiger, Lukas Tanaka, Yasutake Okamoto, Atsuko Nojiri, Takashi Kumazoe, Motofumi Tokudome, Takeshi Miura, Koichi Hino, Jun Hosoda, Hiroshi Miyazato, Mikiya Kangawa, Kenji Kapil, Vikas Ahluwalia, Amrita Paolocci, Nazareno Eaton, Philip Campbell, James C. Henning, Philipp Franz, Eugen Sankaran, Banumathi Herberg, Friedrich W. Kim, Choel Wittwer, M. Luo, Q. Kaila, V. Dames, S. A. Tobin, Andrew Alam, Mahmood Rudyk, Olena Krasemann, Susanne Hartmann, Kristin Prysyazhna, Oleksandra Zhang, Min Zhao, Lan Weiss, Astrid Schermuly, Ralph Moyes, Amie J. Chu, Sandy M. Baliga, Reshma S. Hobbs, Adrian J. Michalakis, Stylianos Mühlfriedel, Regine Schön, Christian Fischer, Dominik M. Wilhelm, Barbara Zobor, Ditta Kohl, Ironwood Pharmaceuticals Cambridge USA Bayer AG Drug Discovery - Cardiovascular Research Wuppertal Germany Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Ridgefield USA Department of Small Molecule Drug Research Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Ridgefield USA Department of Pharmacology University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway Institute of Experimental Medical Research University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway Center for Heart Failure Research University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy Institute of Pharmacy University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany Physiologisches Institut Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany Molecular Cardiology Research Institute Tufts Medical Center Boston USA Present Affiliation: Division of Cardiology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh USA Present Affiliation: Department of Medicine Brown University School of Medicine Providence USA Division of Cardiology Tufts Medical Center Boston USA Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Göttingen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia USA Institut für Kardiogenetik and Universitäres Herzzentrum Lübeck Universität zu Lübeck Lübeck Germany & DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck Lübeck Germany Deutsches Herzzentrum München Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen Technische Universität München Munich Germany Center for Thrombosis & Hemostasis Universitätsklinikum der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Mainz Germany Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V Dortmund Germany Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg Russia UCD Conway Institute UCD School of Medicine

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Publisher Correction: Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity

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Nature genetics 2018年第5期50卷 766-767页

作者： Valérie Turcot Yingchang Lu Heather M Highland Claudia Schurmann Anne E Justice Rebecca S Fine Jonathan P Bradfield Tõnu Esko Ayush Giri Mariaelisa Graff Xiuqing Guo Audrey E Hendricks Tugce Karaderi Adelheid Lempradl Adam E Locke Anubha Mahajan Eirini Marouli Suthesh Sivapalaratnam Kristin L Young Tamuno Alfred Mary F Feitosa Nicholas G D Masca Alisa K Manning Carolina Medina-Gomez Poorva Mudgal Maggie C Y Ng Alex P Reiner Sailaja Vedantam Sara M Willems Thomas W Winkler Gonçalo Abecasis Katja K Aben Dewan S Alam Sameer E Alharthi Matthew Allison Philippe Amouyel Folkert W Asselbergs Paul L Auer Beverley Balkau Lia E Bang Inês Barroso Lisa Bastarache Marianne Benn Sven Bergmann Lawrence F Bielak Matthias Blüher Michael Boehnke Heiner Boeing Eric Boerwinkle Carsten A Böger Jette Bork-Jensen Michiel L Bots Erwin P Bottinger Donald W Bowden Ivan Brandslund Gerome Breen Murray H Brilliant Linda Broer Marco Brumat Amber A Burt Adam S Butterworth Peter T Campbell Stefania Cappellani David J Carey Eulalia Catamo Mark J Caulfield John C Chambers Daniel I Chasman Yii-Der I Chen Rajiv Chowdhury Cramer Christensen Audrey Y Chu Massimiliano Cocca Francis S Collins James P Cook Janie Corley Jordi Corominas Galbany Amanda J Cox David S Crosslin Gabriel Cuellar-Partida Angela D'Eustacchio John Danesh Gail Davies Paul I W Bakker Mark C H Groot Renée Mutsert Ian J Deary George Dedoussis Ellen W Demerath Martin Heijer Anneke I Hollander Hester M Ruijter Joe G Dennis Josh C Denny Emanuele Di Angelantonio Fotios Drenos Mengmeng Du Marie-Pierre Dubé Alison M Dunning Douglas F Easton Todd L Edwards David Ellinghaus Patrick T Ellinor Paul Elliott Evangelos Evangelou Aliki-Eleni Farmaki I Sadaf Farooqi Jessica D Faul Sascha Fauser Shuang Feng Ele Ferrannini Jean Ferrieres Jose C Florez Ian Ford Myriam Fornage Oscar H Franco Andre Franke Paul W Franks Nele Friedrich Ruth Frikke-Schmidt Tessel E Galesloot Wei Gan Ilaria Gandin Paolo Gasparini Jane Gibson Vilmantas Giedraitis Anette P Gjesing Penny Gordon-Larsen mathias Gorski Hans-Jörgen Montreal Heart Institute Université de Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada. Division of Epidemiology Department of Medicine Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA. Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA. Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA. Department of Epidemiology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA. Human Genetics Center University of Texas School of Public Health University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA. Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA. Center for Applied Genomics Division of Human Genetics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PA USA. Quantinuum Research LLC San Diego CA USA. Estonian Genome Center University of Tartu Tartu Estonia. Division of Epidemiology Department of Medicine Institute for Medicine and Public Health Vanderbilt Genetics Institute Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA. Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance CA USA. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton UK. Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences University of Colorado Denver CO USA. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics University of Oxford Oxford UK. Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Arts and Sciences Eastern Mediterranean University Famagusta Cyprus. Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics Freiburg Germany. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics University of M

In the version of this article originally published, one of the two authors with the name Wei Zhao was omitted from the author list and the affiliations for both authors were assigned to the single Wei Zhao in the author list. In addition, the ORCID for Wei Zhao (Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA) was incorrectly assigned to author Wei Zhou. The errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

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Current-driven homogenization and effective medium parameters for finite samples

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Physical Review B 2013年第12期88卷 125131-125131页

作者： Vadim A. Markel Igor Tsukerman Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering and the Graduate Group in Applied Mathematics and Computational Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Akron Ohio 44325-3904 USA

Reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves by artificial periodic composites (metamaterials) can be accurately modeled by an effective medium theory only if the boundary of the medium is explicitly taken into account and the two effective parameters of the medium (the index of refraction and the impedance) are correctly determined. Theories that consider infinite periodic composites do not satisfy the above condition. As a result, they can not model reflection and transmission by finite samples with the desired accuracy and are not useful for design of metamaterial-based devices. As an instructive case in point, we consider the “current-driven” homogenization theory, which has recently gained popularity. We apply this theory to the case of one-dimensional periodic medium wherein both exact and homogenization results can be obtained analytically in closed form. We show that, beyond the well-understood zero-cell limit, the current-driven homogenization result is inconsistent with the exact reflection and transmission characteristics of the slab.

关键词： ELECTROMAGNETISM MAGNETIC fields METAMATERIALS MAGNETOELECTRIC effect REFRACTION (Optics)

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Abstracts from the 3rd International Genomic Medicine Conference (3rd IGMC 2015) : Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 30 November - 3 December 2015

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BMC genomics 2016年第6期17 Suppl 6卷 487页

作者： Jerry W. Shay Noriko Homma Ruyun Zhou Muhammad Imran Naseer Adeel G. Chaudhary Mohammed Al-Qahtani Nobutaka Hirokawa Maryam Goudarzi Albert J. Fornace Saleh Baeesa Deema Hussain Mohammed Bangash Fahad Alghamdi Hans-Juergen Schulten Angel Carracedo Ishaq Khan Hanadi Qashqari Nawal Madkhali Mohamad Saka Kulvinder S. Saini Awatif Jamal Jaudah Al-Maghrabi Adel Abuzenadah Adeel Chaudhary Mohammed Al Qahtani Ghazi Damanhouri Heba Alkhatabi Anne Goodeve Laura Crookes Nikolas Niksic Nicholas Beauchamp Adel M. Abuzenadah Jim Vaught Bruce Budowle Mourad Assidi Abdelbaset Buhmeida Leena Merdad Sudhir Kumar Sayaka Miura Karen Gomez Mahmood Rasool Ahmed Rebai Sajjad Karim Hend F. Nour Eldin Heba Abusamra Elham M. Alhathli Nada Salem Mohammed H. Al-Qahtani Hossam Faheem Ashok Agarwa Eberhard Nieschlag Joachim Wistuba Oliver S. Damm Mohd A. Beg Taha A. Abdel-Meguid Hisham A. Mosli Osama S. Bajouh Serdar Coskun Muhammad Abu-Elmagd Ashraf Dallol Sahar Hakamy Wejdan Al-Qahtani Asia Al-Harbi Shireen Hussain Burak Ozkosem Rick DuBois Safia S. Messaoudi Maryam T. Dandana Touhami Mahjoub Wassim Y. Almawi S. Abdalla M. Nabil Al-Aama Asmaa Elzawahry Tsuyoshi Takahashi Sachiyo Mimaki Eisaku Furukawa Rie Nakatsuka Isao Kurosaka Takahiko Nishigaki Hiromi Nakamura Satoshi Serada Tetsuji Naka Seiichi Hirota Tatsuhiro Shibata Katsuya Tsuchihara Toshirou Nishida Mamoru Kato Sajid Mehmood Naeem Mahmood Ashraf Awais Asif Muhammad Bilal Malik Siddique Mehmood Aadil Hussain Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal Mughees Uddin Siddiqui Mohammad A. Alzohairy Mohammad A. Al Karaawi Taoufik Nedjadi Heba Al-Khattabi Adel Al-Ammari Ahmed Al-Sayyad Hédia Zitouni Nozha Raguema Marwa Ben Ali Wided Malah Raja Lfalah Wassim Almawi Mohammed Elanbari Andrey Ptitsyn Sana Mahjoub Rabeb El Ghali Bechir Achour Nidhal Ben Amor Brahim N’siri Hamid Morjani Esam Azhar Vera Chayeb Maryam Dendena Hedia Zitouni Khedija Zouari-Limayem Bassem Refaat Ahmed M. Ashshi Sarah A. Batwa Hazem Ramadan Amal Awad Ahmed Ateya Adel Galal Ahmed El-Shemi Ahmad Ashshi Mohammed Basalamah Youjin Na Cha University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas USA Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy Graduate School of Medicine the University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Georgetown University Washington USA Department of Oncology Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Georgetown University Washington USA Department of Radiation Medicine Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Georgetown University Washington USA Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia King Fahd Medical Research Centre King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Sheffield Diagnostic Genetic Service Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust Western Bank Sheffield UK Center of Innovations in Personalized Medicine King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia President ISBER Editor-in-Chief Biopreservation & Biobanking ᅟ USA Institute of Applied Genetics Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth USA Department of Dental Public Health Faculty of Dentistry King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine Temple University Philadelphia USA Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (Bioinformatics Group) Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax Sfax Tunisia Fujitsu Technology Solutions International ᅟ ᅟ Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and Lerner College of Medicine Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland USA American Center for Reproductive Medicine Andrology Center Cleveland USA Center for Reproductive Medicine and

O1 Regulation of genes by telomere length over long distances Jerry W. Shay O2 The microtubule destabilizer KIF2A regulates the postnatal establishment of neuronal circuits in addition to prenatal cell survival, cell migration, and axon elongation, and its loss leading to malformation of cortical development and severe epilepsy Noriko Homma, Ruyun Zhou, Muhammad Imran Naseer, Adeel G. Chaudhary, Mohammed Al-Qahtani, Nobutaka Hirokawa O3 Integration of metagenomics and metabolomics in gut microbiome research Maryam Goudarzi, Albert J. Fornace Jr. O4 A unique integrated system to discern pathogenesis of central nervous system tumors Saleh Baeesa, Deema Hussain, Mohammed Bangash, Fahad Alghamdi, Hans-Juergen Schulten, Angel Carracedo, Ishaq Khan, Hanadi Qashqari, Nawal Madkhali, Mohamad Saka, Kulvinder S. Saini, Awatif Jamal, Jaudah Al-Maghrabi, Adel Abuzenadah, Adeel Chaudhary, Mohammed Al Qahtani, Ghazi Damanhouri O5 RPL27A is a target of miR-595 and deficiency contributes to ribosomal dysgenesis Heba Alkhatabi O6 Next generation DNA sequencing panels for haemostatic and platelet disorders and for Fanconi anaemia in routine diagnostic service Anne Goodeve, Laura Crookes, Nikolas Niksic, Nicholas Beauchamp O7 Targeted sequencing panels and their utilization in personalized medicine Adel M. Abuzenadah O8 International biobanking in the era of precision medicine Jim Vaught O9 Biobank and biodata for clinical and forensic applications Bruce Budowle, Mourad Assidi, Abdelbaset Buhmeida O10 Tissue microarray technique: a powerful adjunct tool for molecular profiling of solid tumors Jaudah Al-Maghrabi O11 The CEGMR biobanking unit: achievements, challenges and future plans Abdelbaset Buhmeida, Mourad Assidi, Leena Merdad O12 Phylomedicine of tumors Sudhir Kumar, Sayaka Miura, Karen Gomez O13 Clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics for colorectal cancer treatment Angel Carracedo, Mahmood Rasool O14 From association to causality: translation of GWAS findings for genomic me

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Sequence data and association statistics from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls

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Scientific data 2017年第1期4卷 170179页

作者： Jason Flannick Christian Fuchsberger Anubha Mahajan Tanya M Teslovich Vineeta Agarwala Kyle J Gaulton Lizz Caulkins Ryan Koesterer Clement Ma Loukas Moutsianas Davis J McCarthy Manuel A Rivas John R B Perry Xueling Sim Thomas W Blackwell Neil R Robertson N William Rayner Pablo Cingolani Adam E Locke Juan Fernandez Tajes Heather M Highland Josee Dupuis Peter S Chines Cecilia M Lindgren Christopher Hartl Anne U Jackson Han Chen Jeroen R Huyghe Martijn van de Bunt Richard D Pearson Ashish Kumar Martina Müller-Nurasyid Niels Grarup Heather M Stringham Eric R Gamazon Jaehoon Lee Yuhui Chen Robert A Scott Jennifer E Below Peng Chen Jinyan Huang Min Jin Go Michael L Stitzel Dorota Pasko Stephen C J Parker Tibor V Varga Todd Green Nicola L Beer Aaron G Day-Williams Teresa Ferreira Tasha Fingerlin Momoko Horikoshi Cheng Hu Iksoo Huh Mohammad Kamran Ikram Bong-Jo Kim Yongkang Kim Young Jin Kim Min-Seok Kwon Juyoung Lee Selyeong Lee Keng-Han Lin Taylor J Maxwell Yoshihiko Nagai Xu Wang Ryan P Welch Joon Yoon Weihua Zhang Nir Barzilai Benjamin F Voight Bok-Ghee Han Christopher P Jenkinson Teemu Kuulasmaa Johanna Kuusisto Alisa Manning Maggie C Y Ng Nicholette D Palmer Beverley Balkau Alena Stančáková Hanna E Abboud Heiner Boeing Vilmantas Giedraitis Dorairaj Prabhakaran Omri Gottesman James Scott Jason Carey Phoenix Kwan George Grant Joshua D Smith Benjamin M Neale Shaun Purcell Adam S Butterworth Joanna M M Howson Heung Man Lee Yingchang Lu Soo-Heon Kwak Wei Zhao John Danesh Vincent K L Lam Kyong Soo Park Danish Saleheen Wing Yee So Claudia H T Tam Uzma Afzal David Aguilar Rector Arya Tin Aung Edmund Chan Carmen Navarro Ching-Yu Cheng Domenico Palli Adolfo Correa Joanne E Curran Dennis Rybin Vidya S Farook Sharon P Fowler Barry I Freedman Michael Griswold Daniel Esten Hale Pamela J Hicks Chiea-Chuen Khor Satish Kumar Benjamin Lehne Dorothée Thuillier Wei Yen Lim Jianjun Liu Marie Loh Solomon K Musani Sobha Puppala William R Scott Loïc Yengo Sian-Tsung Tan Herman A Taylor Farook Thameem Gregory Wilson Tien Yin Wong Pål Rasmu Department of Molecular Biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA. Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute Cambridge Massachusetts USA. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA. Department of Statistics University of Oxford Oxford UK. Genetics of Complex Traits University of Exeter Medical School University of Exeter Exeter UK. MRC Epidemiology Unit Institute of Metabolic Science University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology King's College London London UK. Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK. Department of Human Genetics Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton Cambridgeshire UK. School of Computer Science McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada. McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre Montreal Quebec Canada. Human Genetics Center The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas USA. Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study Framingham Massachusetts USA. Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA. Department of Biostatistics Harvard School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA. Chronic Disease Epidemiology Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute University of Basel Basel Switzerland. Institute of Genetic Epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum München German R

To investigate the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) to high resolution, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia catalogued variation from whole-genome sequencing of 2,657 European individuals and exome sequencing of 12,940 individuals of multiple ancestries. Over 27M SNPs, indels, and structural variants were identified, including 99% of low-frequency (minor allele frequency [MAF] 0.1-5%) non-coding variants in the whole-genome sequenced individuals and 99.7% of low-frequency coding variants in the whole-exome sequenced individuals. Each variant was tested for association with T2D in the sequenced individuals, and, to increase power, most were tested in larger numbers of individuals (>80% of low-frequency coding variants in ~82 K Europeans via the exome chip, and ~90% of low-frequency non-coding variants in ~44 K Europeans via genotype imputation). The variants, genotypes, and association statistics from these analyses provide the largest reference to date of human genetic information relevant to T2D, for use in activities such as T2D-focused genotype imputation, functional characterization of variants or genes, and other novel analyses to detect associations between sequence variation and T2D.

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Directed ratchet transport in granular chains

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Physical Review E 2013年第5期88卷 052202-052202页

作者： V. Berardi J. Lydon P. G. Kevrekidis C. Daraio R. Carretero-González Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Group† Computational Science Research Center‡ and Department of Mathematics and Statistics San Diego State University San Diego California 92182-7720 USA Graduate Aeronautical Laboratories (GALCIT) and Department of Applied Physics California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich Switzerland Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003-4515 USA

Directed-ratchet transport (DRT) in a one-dimensional lattice of spherical beads, which serves as a prototype for granular chains, is investigated. We consider a system where the trajectory of the central bead is prescribed by a biharmonic forcing function with broken time-reversal symmetry. By comparing the mean integrated force of beads equidistant from the forcing bead, two distinct types of directed transport can be observed—spatial and temporal DRT. Based on the value of the frequency of the forcing function relative to the cutoff frequency, the system can be categorized by the presence and magnitude of each type of DRT. Furthermore, we investigate and quantify how varying additional parameters such as the biharmonic weight affects DRT velocity and magnitude. Finally, friction is introduced into the system and is found to significantly inhibit spatial DRT. In fact, for sufficiently low forcing frequencies, the friction may even induce a switching of the DRT direction.

关键词： GRANULAR materials RATCHETS PROTOTYPES LATTICE theory BIHARMONIC equations BROKEN symmetry (Physics)

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Homogenization of Maxwell's equations in periodic composites: Boundary effects and dispersion relations

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Physical Review E 2012年第6期85卷 066603-066603页

作者： Vadim A. Markel John C. Schotland []Department of Radiology and Graduate Group in Applied Mathematics and Computational Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA

We consider the problem of homogenizing the Maxwell equations for periodic composites. The analysis is based on Bloch-Floquet theory. We calculate explicitly the reflection coefficient for a half space and derive and implement a computationally efficient continued-fraction expansion for the effective permittivity. Our results are illustrated by numerical computations for the case of two-dimensional systems. The homogenization theory of this paper is designed to predict various physically measurable quantities rather than to simply approximate certain coefficients in a partial differential equation.

关键词： HOMOGENIZATION (Differential equations) MAXWELL equations DISPERSION relations BOUNDARY value problems PERMITTIVITY NUMERICAL analysis PARTIAL differential equations

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Effects of size polydispersity on the extinction spectra of colloidal nanoparticle aggregates

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Physical Review B 2012年第4期85卷 045421-045421页

作者： Alexander E. Ershov Ivan L. Isaev Polina N. Semina Vadim A. Markel Sergei V. Karpov L. V. Kirenskiy Institute of Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Kransoyarsk 660036 Russian Federation Siberian Federal University Krasnoyarsk 660041 Russian Federation Department of Radiology Department of Bioengineering and the Graduate Group in Applied Mathematics and Computational Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA

We investigate the effect of particle polydispersity on the optical extinction spectra of colloidal aggregates of spherical metallic (silver) nanoparticles, taking into account the realistic interparticle gaps caused by layers of stabilizing polymer adsorbed on the metal surface (adlayers). The spectra of computer-generated aggregates are computed using two different methods. The coupled-multipole method is used in the quasistatic approximation and the coupled-dipole method beyond the quasistatics. The latter approach is applicable if the interparticle gaps are sufficiently wide relative to the particle radii. Simulations are performed for two different particle size distribution functions (bimodal and Gaussian), varying the number of particles per aggregate, and different distribution functions of the interparticle gap width. The strong influence of the latter factor on the spectra is demonstrated and investigated in detail.

关键词： DISPERSION METAL nanoparticles COLLOIDS SPECTRUM analysis SIMULATION methods & models CLUSTERING of particles METALLIC surfaces

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Theoretical and numerical investigation of the size-dependent optical effects in metal nanoparticles

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Physical Review B 2011年第15期84卷 155461-155461页

作者： Alexander A. Govyadinov George Y. Panasyuk John C. Schotland Vadim A. Markel Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering and the Graduate Group in Applied Mathematics and Computational Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA

We further develop the theory of quantum finite-size effects in metallic nanoparticles, which was originally formulated by F. Hache, D. Ricard, and C. Flytzanis [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 3, 1647 (1986)] and (in a somewhat corrected form) by S. G. Rautian [Sov. Phys. JETP 85, 451 (1997)]. These references consider a metal nanoparticle as a degenerate Fermi gas of conduction electrons in an infinitely high spherical potential well. This model (referred to as the HRFR model below) yields mathematical expressions for the linear and the third-order nonlinear polarizabilities of a nanoparticle in terms of infinite nested series. These series have not been evaluated numerically so far and, in the case of nonlinear polarizability, they cannot be evaluated with the use of conventional computers due to the high computational complexity involved. Rautian has derived a set of remarkable analytical approximations to the series but direct numerical verification of Rautian’s approximate formulas remained a formidable challenge. In this work, we derive an expression for the third-order nonlinear polarizability, which is exact within the HRFR model but amenable to numerical implementation. We then evaluate the expressions obtained by us numerically for both linear and nonlinear polarizabilities. We investigate the limits of applicability of Rautian’s approximations and find that they are surprisingly accurate in a wide range of physical parameters. We also discuss the limits of small frequencies (comparable to or below the Drude relaxation constant) and of large particle sizes (the bulk limit) and show that these limits are problematic for the HRFR model, irrespective of any additional approximations used. Finally, we compare the HRFR model to the purely classical theory of nonlinear polarization of metal nanoparticles developed by us earlier [G. Y. Panasyuk, J. C. Schotland, and V. A. Markel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 47402 (2008)].

关键词： NANOPARTICLES ELECTRON gas QUANTUM theory QUANTUM wells APPROXIMATION theory

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