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EFFECTS OF REFRACTIVE INDEX AND ASPECT RATIO ON THE PARTICLE IMAGES IN A LEVITATED DROPLET

Multiphase Science and Technology 2024年第1期36卷 13-26页

作者： Gatete, Eugene Kaneko, Akiko Shen, Biao University of Tsukuba Systems and Information Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology Degree Program of Engineering Mechanics and Energy 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8573 Japan University of Tsukuba Faculty of Engineering of Information Engineering and Systems 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8573 Japan

A technique using droplets suspended by ultrasound has attracted attention as one of the containerless processing methods. While this can avoid contamination from the container, it is known that ultrasonic levitation creates flow fields inside and outside the droplet. For more precise droplet control, it is desirable to elucidate the internal flow of the droplet, and measurements of the internal flow have been performed using the particle image velocimetry (PIV). The aim of this study is to elucidate the internal flow field behavior by solving optical problems and improving the accuracy of velocity field measurements in levitated droplets. The fluid that is to be investigated is scattered with small tracer particles and illuminated by a laser to capture the flow on a created laser sheet. The curvature distortion is successfully visualized using the PIV approach toward distortion correction using calibration methods. The curvature distortion illustration was performed based on the refractive index and aspect ratio of the simulated droplet in acrylic materials. The fluid flow, affected by droplet curvature and refractive index, has been visualized for both levitated and simulated droplets. The experimental results showed that the droplet curvature can be distorted in two types such as radial and tangential distortions and increase as the refractive index and aspect ratio increases. © 2024 by Begell House, Inc.

关键词： Refractive index

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Ferric chloride-driven microwave-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment for boosting macroalgal sugar recovery and solubilization

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Biomass and Bioenergy 2025年 200卷

作者： Wei-Hsin Chen Jamin Jamir Escalante Jherwin B. Ocreto Ayyadurai Saravanakumar Vahabodin Goodarz Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung 407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung 411 Taiwan International Degree Program in Energy Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan Energy Engineering Program National Graduate School of Engineering University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City 1101 Philippines Center for Research in Environment Sustainability Advocacy and Climate Change (REACH) Directorate of Research SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chengalpattu District 603203 Tamil Nadu India Applied Biotechnology Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences P.O. Box 19945-546 Tehran Iran

This study examines the catalytic hydrothermal solubilization of macroalgae using FeCl 3 under microwave-assisted heating to optimize total reducing sugars (TRS) yield and solubilization efficiency. A Box-Behnken design evaluates FeCl 3 concentration (0.05–0.15 M), temperature (50–150 °C), and reaction time (5–25 min) on biomass conversion. Higher FeCl 3 concentration (0.05 M–0.15 M) further enhances TRS yield to 354 mg·g −1 and solubilization to 44.11%, likely due to Fe 3+ catalyzing cellulose and hemicellulose depolymerization. Reaction time has the least effect compared to temperature and FeCl 3 concentration. The RSM shows while an increase in reaction time contributes to a higher TRS yield, its influence on solubilization remains relatively minor. RSM shows high predictability (R 2 = 0.9968 for TRS, 0.9940 for solubilization). Optimal conditions (0.15 M FeCl 3 , 98 °C, 25 min) yield 190.11 mg·g −1 TRS and 43.16% solubilization with minimal byproducts. Thermal analysis (TG-FTIR) reveals that pretreatment shifts biomass decomposition from 900 °C (raw) to 625 °C (0.15 M FeCl 3 ), indicating enhanced breakdown. SEM images show increased porosity, roughness, and fractures, improving hydrolysis. Py-GC/MS analysis identifies high-value pyrolysis products such as benzene, toluene, phenol, styrene, and naphthalene. Overall, FeCl 3 -catalyzed microwave-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment significantly enhances sugar recovery and biomass solubilization, demonstrating its potential for bioethanol production and value-added chemical synthesis.

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Assessment of Dar es Salaam's resilience to climate change disasters using the Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI)

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Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 2024年第3期45卷 475-497页

作者： Mkasimongwa, Simon William Fakour, Hoda Hassani, Hussein Juma Sultan, Basma Abdulla Lai, Hsin-Chih Master Degree Program in Safety and Health Science Chang Jung Christian University Tainan City Taiwan International Program for Sustainable Development International College of Practice and Education for the Environment Chang Jung Christian University Tainan Taiwan Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Green Energy and Environmental Resources Chang Jung Christian University Tainan Taiwan

Climate change is becoming an increasingly significant issue in Africa, and the need for climate resilience assessment has intensified. Dar es Salam is one of Africa's emerging megacities. With a population of over seven million, which continues to grow, there is an urgent need to understand the city's ability to deal with natural disasters. The Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) was used in this study to assess the city's ability to withstand and cope with climatic hazards. The Index was quantified using sets of dimensions (social, physical, economic, natural, and institutional), with various parameters indicating the city's abilities, strengths, and vulnerabilities to potential climate-related disasters. Despite being moderately resilient to climate change disasters, the results of our study indicate that the city's economic and institutional features obtained the lowest scores and the least resilience level. The study's findings provide a perspective on aspects of the city management sectors in terms of resilience and which should be given greater consideration in order to strengthen the city's current and future resilience. © 2024 Department of Geography, National University of Singapore and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

关键词： climate change flooding resilience weather trends

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CORROSION OF ZINC ANODES IN SEAWATER

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1976年第4期88卷 65-72页

作者： TODD, JM PERKINS, J Lt. James M. Todd USN:is a 1968 graduate of the United States Merchant Marine Academy with a BS in Marine Engineering. He served aboard various maritime ships as an operating engineer on marine propulsion plants. His active duty in the U.S. Navy began in 1969 and as an Engineering Duty Officer (ED) his assignments included Main Propulsion Assistant in the USS Golds borough (DDG-20) and Machinery Maintenance Program Officer at NAVSECNORDIV. He is presently attending the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School where he is pursuing a program leading to an MS degree in Mechanical Engineering and the degree of Mechanical Engineer. Dr. Jeff Perkins:holds a PhD in metallurgy from Case Western Reserve University and did postdoctoral work for two years at Carnegie-Mellon University. Since 1972 he has been Assistant Professor of Materials Engineering in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School. His particular areas of interest are corrosion failure analysis and microanalytic techniques.

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To Sharpen or not to Sharpen? On the Effect of Sharpening Filters Applied to Magnified Images 14

To Sharpen or not to Sharpen? On the Effect of Sharpening Fi...

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14th International Conference on Digital Image Processing, ICDIP 2022

作者： Emmendorfer, Leonardo R. de Olviveira, Vinicius Menezes Schein, Tatiana T. de Jesus, Junior C. Rodriguez, Bárbara D.A. Electrical Energy Processing Department Federal University of Santa Maria 97105-340 Brazil Center for Computational Science Federal University of Rio Grande 96201-900 Brazil Computational Modeling PhD Program Federal University of Rio Grande 96201-900 Brazil Computer Engineering Graduate Program Federal University of Rio Grande 96201-900 Brazil Institute of Mathematics Statistics and Physics Federal University of Rio Grande 96201-900 Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781510657564

Super-resolution algorithms aim to produce magnified high-resolution versions from low-resolution images. Some methods, however, are prone to generate blur during the process. Simple sharpening filters are adopted to alleviate this type of artifact. However, the actual effectiveness of this approach is not clear-cut in the literature. This work evaluates the effect of three simple sharpening filters on the quality of images obtained from super-resolution methods. Two metrics were considered in the evaluation: the Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) metric, and the Learned Perceptual Image Patch Similarity (LPIPS). One of the filters could consistently improve the LPIPS metric of magnified images from diverse benchmark sets on top of seven super-resolution methods. The increments obtained for the perceptual metric seem to occur due to the sharpening effect. Improvements on PSNR values were not as consistent. © 2022 SPIE.

关键词： Quality control

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Three-dimensional Reconstruction Model Rendered with Hyperspectral Images: Biomarker Monitoring as an Example 26

Three-dimensional Reconstruction Model Rendered with Hypersp...

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Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology XXVI Conference 2024

作者： Ho, Ming-Han Yan, Yung-Jhe Cheng, Yu-Cheng Chou, Cong Yuan Ou-Yang, Mang Graduate Degree Program of Artificial Intelligence National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Intelligent Systems National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Smart Industry and Green Energy National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781510680906

Hyperspectral imaging is beneficial for non-destructive agricultural inspections, and three-dimensional reconstruction modeling is a powerful tool for inspecting the phenotype of plants. This study proposes an approach to combine three-dimensional reconstruction modeling and hyperspectral images into four-dimensional data. This data not only contains the three-dimensional structural information of an interesting object but also includes the spectral information of every point on the surface of this object. Firstly, the hyperspectral and visible images of an interesting object are acquired from hyperspectral and visible cameras. Secondly, high-resolution visible images are used to reconstruct a three-dimensional surface model of an interesting object. Thirdly, matching hyperspectral images with visible images establishes the correspondence between hyperspectral images and the three-dimensional model. Furthermore, the biomarker index can be derived from hyperspectral data. The biomarker index can be transformed into surface textures and combined with the three-dimensional model to form a three-dimensional biomarker model. © 2024 SPIE.

关键词： Hyperspectral imaging

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Financial Analysis of Cooling Systems for Environmental Conditioned Strawberry Cultivation in Semi-Closed Greenhouses in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Financial Analysis of Cooling Systems for Environmental Cond...

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energy and Sustainable Development

作者： Chayanan Thanthong Napassawan Wongmongkol Chatchawan Chaichana Suwimon Wicharuck Department of Mechanical Engineering Graduate master's degree Program in Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand Energy Technology for Environment Research Center Faculty of Engineering Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9798331517076

ISBN: (纸本)9798331517083

Strawberry production is an important crop in the northern region of Thailand that is only available in winter. Theoretically, strawberries can be grown in plant factories that can control the climate conditions strawberries need. Generally, the cooling load from lighting accounts for almost 80% of the total heat load in the plant factory. To reduce the cost of using light energy and the heat load in plant factories, this study was conducted on cultivation methods in semi-closed greenhouses that utilize natural light during the day. Coolness is generated by solar energy during the day and stored in cooling energy storage that stored coolness is used during the night. The total cooling load for year-round strawberry cultivation in the greenhouse was about 814 GJ, consisting of the stages of strawberry floral initiation, flowering, and fruiting at 17%, 17%, and 66%, respectively. In addition, the payback period is around 14.16 - 16.29 years.

关键词： Heating systems Costs Water storage Cooling Net zero Greenhouses Solar energy Flowering plants Machinery Meteorology

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Predicting biocrude oil yields from hydrothermal liquefaction of an energy grass: Machine learning approach and experimental validation

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期3236卷

作者： Tossapon Katongtung Nakorn Tippayawong Graduate PhD Degree Program in Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand

In recent years, our world has been grappling with the challenges of global warming, prompting a search for alternative energy sources that can provide clean and sustainable power without adversely impacting the environment. Biomass has emerged as a viable option due to its potential as a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source. Among various processes available, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has gained significant attention for its capability of converting wet biomass into biocrude oil in a relatively short timeframe. Previous studies have explored integration of machine learning with HTL to forecast the yields of biocrude oil. This work aims to develop a machine learning model specifically tailored to predicting the biocrude oil yields from the HTL process. Furthermore, experiments were done using Napier 4190 (Giant Juncao Grass) as a biomass source to verify the accuracy of this machine learning model. The findings revealed that the machine learning model achieved an R2 value of approximately 0.8. Model predictions and experimental results show a discrepancy of approximately 6-14%.

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RACER - A DESIGN FOR MAINTAINABILITY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第5期97卷 139-146页

作者： DONOVAN, MR MATTSON, WS Michael R. Donovanis a 1974 graduate of the United States Naval Academy where he received his undergraduate degree in naval architecture. In 1975 he received a master of science degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After completing the Navy's nuclear power training program he served as machinery division officer in USSBainbridge (CGN-25) and chemistry and radiological controls assistant in USSLong Beach (CGN-9). He successfully completed the Navy's surface warfare officer qualification and passed the nuclear engineer's examination administered by Naval Reactors. He was then assigned to the Ship Design and Engineering Directorate (SEA-05) Naval Sea Systems Command as head systems engineer on the DDG-51 ship design project where he received the Navy Commendation Medal for outstanding performance. He is currently with Solar Turbines Incorporated as manager ship integration and integrated logistic support for the Rankine cycle energy recovery (RACER) system. Mr. Donovan has lectured at Virginia Polytechnic Institute teaching marine engineering and has given presentations on ship design at various symposiums and section meetings for both ASNE and SNAME. He has been a member of ASNE and SNAME since 1972 and is registered as a professional engineer in California and Virginia. Wayne S. Mattsonreceived his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Western New England College in 1972. Following graduation he attended Naval Officer Candidate School and was subsequently assigned as a project officer to COMOPTEVFOR where he was responsible for technical and operational test plans their execution and final equipment appraisal. Following a tour as engineering officer aboard the USSNespelen (AOG-55) he was assigned as commissioning MPA aboard the USSElliot (DD-967) the fifthSpruanceclass destroyer. For the past six years he has been employed by Solar Turbines Incorporated in program management within the advanced development department. He is currently

There is a great deal of emphasis currently in the Navy on the issues of reliability and maintainability. If a system or component is out of commission, it obviously cannot perform its mission. Thus, systems and components must be reliable, with low failure rates, and maintainable, with short repair times when the system does become inoperable. To be effective, these attributes must be incorporated into new ship systems early in the design stage. The Rankine cycle energy recovery (RACER) system is a heat recovery steam cycle designed to recover energy from the exhaust of an LM2500 gas turbine for augmentation of a ship's propulsion system. The RACER system provides several advantages to a gas turbine powered ship, one of which is improved fuel efficiency for significant annual fuel savings. This saving does not come free, however, since, in general, any additional system installed in the ship will have some maintenance requirements. In keeping with the Navy's current emphasis, a key philosophy in the design of the RACER system has been to minimize this maintenance burden. After a brief description of the RACER system and its design philosophy, the techniques being used during the design phase to minimize the maintenance burden on the fleet are presented. Trade-off studies concerning acquisition versus life-cycle costs, including fuel and maintenance costs, are discussed. Innovations incorporated into this state-of-the-art system are reviewed with an emphasis on design for affordability.

关键词： COGENERATION PLANTS

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Applying fuzzy functions and sequential coordination to optimization of machinery arrangement and pipe routing

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1998年第6期110卷 43-54页

作者： Wu, BC Young, GS Schmidt, W Choppella, K Dr. Bi-Chu Wu:received a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Maryland College Park in 1991. She has worked on projects involving naval architecture design optimization solid mechanics and database development. Presently a senwr engineer with Angle Incorporated Dr Wu's research interests are in design optimization and fuzzy logic applications. Dr. Gin-Shu Young: a senior engineer with Angle Incorporated holds a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Maryland College Park. As a guest researcher with National Institute of Standards and Technologies from 1990 to 1993 he worked on vision-based navigation for autonomous vehicles. His experience also includes applications of optimization fuzzy logic neural network and genetic algorithm methods to engineering system design Mr. William Schmidt:co-founded Angle Incorporated in 1990 and has served as Vice PresidentlChiefScientist during this tame. He holds a B.Sc. in Applied Science from the Naval Acadt?my and an M.Sc. in Physics from the Naval Post Graduate School. He has cner 20 years experience in technical leadership material and personnel management. He has led the application of computer aided design (CAD) and Product Model Information Exchange to the shipbuilding industry. His experience also includes leading the amlication of model based operational analysis to support the Live Fire Test Program for DDG 51 Class Destroyers. Mr. Krishna M. Choppella:is a Sofware Engineer at Eidea Laboratories Incotporated where he works on componentbased distributed enterpvise frameworks. He has been involved in creating data analysis tools for the US Nay by integrating CAD modeis databases and graphical front ends. His work in the Masters degree program in Mechanical Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin was in di0ddase.r spectroscopy of combustion products in porous-matri burners. He received his Bachelors degree in Electrical Engineering in India. He was a Research Associate at the Centre for Laser Technology and Project Engi

Ship design is often multidisciplinary involving several design elements with various types of objectives and constraints (O/C) some easily described as mathematical formulas, others better modeled as descriptive assertions. This paper describes a method based on fuzzy functions and an integrated performance index to model O/C using descriptive assertions to be used with mathematical formulas in optimization. Another issue addressed in this paper concerns the coordination of design elements when sequentially coupled, that is, when one leads the other and the performance of the follower depends greatly on the design of the leader. Based on neuro-fuzzy techniques, the method described here coordinates and optimizes sequentially coupled elements. The two methods are applied to machinery arrangement (MA) and pipe routing (PR). Preliminary models for optimization of MA and PR are described considering convenience, producibility: engine room size, interference and location as factors in the O/C set. Some test results from MA/PR applications are presented and discussed. The methods are generic and can be extended to other elements in ship design. They are mutually independent and may be used separately Two advantages of their use are an improvement in overall performance and a reduction in the need for redesign of elements.

关键词： Optimization

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