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FUTURE PROPULSION MACHINERY TECHNOLOGY FOR GAS-TURBINE POWERED FRIGATES, DESTROYERS, AND CRUISERS

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第2期96卷 34-46页

作者： BASKERVILLE, JE QUANDT, ER DONOVAN, MR USN The Authors Commander James E. Baskerville USNis presently assigned to Naval Sea Systems Command (NA VSEA) as the Ship Design Manager for the DDG 51 the Navy's next generation surface combatant. A graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy Class of 1969 he is a qualified Surface Warfare Officer and designated Engineering Duty Officer (ED). He received his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering and his professional degree of Ocean Engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and holds a patent right on an Electronic Control and Response System. His naval assignments include tours in USSRamsey (FFG-2) Aide and Flag Lieutenant to the Commander Naval Electronic Systems Command and Ship Superintendent Surface Type Desk Officer and Assistant Design Superintendent at NA VSHIPYD Pearl Harbor. He was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal for distinguished performance at Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard. As an author he has contributed articles to the ASNEJournaland given presentations at local sections on ship design the use of innovative technology in ship repair and maintenance and the costs and risks associated with engineering progress. Commander Baskerville is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Virginia an adjunct professor teaching marine engineering at Virginia Tech. and in addition to ASNE which he joined in 1975 is a member of SNAME Tau Beta Pi Sigma Xi ASME and the American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Dr. Earl R. Quandt:received his degree of Chemical Engineer from the University of Cincinnati in 1956 and his Ph.D. degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Pittsburgh in 1961. He worked in the naval reactors program at the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory from 1956 to 1963. Since that time he has been with David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center Annapolis Maryland where he is Head of the Power Systems Division. He contributed to this paper while on a one year assignment to the U.S. Naval Academy as V

A turning point occurred in naval engineering in 1972 when the U.S. N avy chose to use marine gas turbines for the propulsion of its new SPRUANCE and PERRY Class ships. This paper reviews the more than twenty years of experience with turbine technology and its design integration into combat ships needed to make that decision. It is concluded that the availability of a good second generation aircraft derivative engine with proven reliability and a strong commercial base, i.e., the LM-2500, was as important to the decision as was the predicted improved ship effectiveness and cost benefits. This paper discusses improvements that can be made to the twin engine, single gear, single propeller shaft system. Focusing only on this mechanical transmission concept, it addresses the impact of possible improvements to the engine, gear, and shafting. In particular, the paper discusses current LM-2500 related R&D efforts to: (a) obtain improved part-power fuel rates, (b) integrate with a reversing reduction gear, and (c) add on a waste heat recovery steam cycle. Looking ahead to the year 2000, this paper suggests that a successor to the ubiquitous LM-2500 will appear in the 15 MW power range to provide the next step in the evolution of the twin engine package. This new naval engine will most likely be based on an aircraft core that exists at present, such that it will have demonstrated its reliability and commercial potential through many hours of testing prior to its mid-1990 marine conversion. This new engine is expected to offer improved air flow, an excellent fuel rate (approaching a flat 0.30 LB/HP-HR), and effective maintenance monitoring, all at some expense in size, weight, and cost. The year 2000 engine will burn a liquid hydrocarbon fuel similar to JP-5 because of its aircraft origins. Combined with advances in gear and shafting technology, the full twin engine propulsion system of the year 2000 should be markedly lighter, smaller, and more efficient than today's units.

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A COMPUTER-MODEL FOR SHIPBOARD energy ANALYSIS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第5期96卷 33-45页

作者： DETOLLA, JP FLEMING, JR Joseph DeTolla:is a ship systems engineer in the Ship Systems Engineering Division SEA 56D5 at the Naval Sea Systems Command. His career with the Navy started in 1965 at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard Design Division. In 1971 he transferred to the Naval Ship Engineering Center. He has held positions as a fluid systems design engineer and auxiliary systems design integration engineer. Mr. DeTolla has worked extensively in the synthesis and analysis of total energy systems notably the design development of the FFG-7 class waste heat recovery system. He is NA VSEA's machinery group computer supported design project coordinator and is managing the development of a machinery systems data base load forecasting algorithms and design analysis computer programs. Mr. DeTolla has a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from Drexel University and a master of engineering administration degree from George Washington University. He is a registered professional engineer in the District of Columbia and has written several technical papers on waste heat recovery and energy conservation. Jeffrey Fleming:is a senior project engineer in the Energy R&D Office at the David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center. In his current position as group leader for the future fleet energy conservation portion of the Navy's energy R&D program he is responsible for the identification and development of advanced components and subsystems which will lead to reductions in the fossil fuel consumption of future ships. Over the past several years he has also directed the development and application of total energy computer analysis techniques for the assessment of conventional and advanced shipboard machinery concepts. Mr. Fleming is a 1971 graduate electrical engineer of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and received his MS in electrical engineering from Johns Hopkins University in 1975. Mr. Fleming has authored various technical publications and was the recipient of the Severn Technical Society's “Best Technical Paper of the Year” award in 1

In support of the Navy's efforts to improve the energy usage of future ships and thereby to reduce fleet operating costs, a large scale computer model has been developed by the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC) to analyze the performance of shipboard energy systems for applications other than nuclear or oil-fired steam propulsion plants. This paper discusses the applications and utility of this computer program as a performance analysis tool for design of ship machinery systems. The program is a simulation model that performs a complete thermodynamic analysis of a user-specified energy system. It offers considerable flexibility in analyzing a variety of propulsion, electrical, and auxiliary plant configurations through a component building block structure. Component subroutines that model the performance of shipboard equipment such as engines, boilers, generators, and compressors are available from the program library. Component subroutines are selected and linked in the program to model the desired machinery plant functional configurations. The operation of the defined shipboard energy system may then be simulated over a user-specified scenario of temperature, time, and load profiles. The program output furnishes information on component operating characteristics and fuel demands, which allows evaluation of the total system performance.

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RETROFITTING OF BULBOUS BOWS ON UNITED-STATES NAVY AUXILIARY AND AMPHIBIOUS WARSHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第6期96卷 40-51页

作者： CHUN, SK HOUGH, JJ ENGLE, AH FUNG, SC Stephen K. Chunis a graduate of the Maritime College of the State University of New York class of 1981 from which he received a B.E. degree in naval architecture and his license as a Third Assistant Engineer from the U.S. Coast Guard. Since graduation he has worked for the U.S. Navy as a naval architect with the Hull Form and Hydrodynamics Performance Division (SEA 55W3) of the Naval Sea Systems Command. Currently he is the task leader for hydrodynamic design for the DDG-51. He is also responsible for bulbous bow and appendage design for surf ace ships. Mr. Chun is a member of ASNE SNAME and ASE. Jeffrey J. Hough:is currently a naval architect with the Hull Form and Hydrodynamic Performance Division (SEA 55VV3) of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NA VSEA). In his current capacity he is a member of the Surface Ship Hydrodynamics Branch and is the divisional coordinator for computer supported design (CSD) technical director for the hull form design system (HFDS) Hull Engineering Group (SEA 55) assistant coordinator for CSD SEA 55 CSD coordinator for the DDG-51 contract design and SEA 55W3 project engineer for aircraft carrier/aviation support ship hydrodynamics. Mr. Hough received his B.S.E. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1978 and his M.S.E. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1979 from the University of Michigan. He began his career with the U.S. Navy in 1979 as an Engineer-in-Training in the Ship Design and Integration Directorate of NAVSEA. Prior to his current assignment Mr. Hough was the technical director responsible for the hull form and hydrodynamics energy conservation program and technical specialist for design practices for resistance and powering margins and hull form geometry. A member of ASNE since 1979 Mr. Hough is also a member of SNAME ASE and the U.S. Naval Institute. Allen H. Engleis a naval architect with the Hull Form Design and Performance Division of the Naval Sea Systems Command. He received his B.S. degree in engineering science from th

To meet energy conservation goals of the U.S. Navy, its attention has been focused on ways to reduce individual ship total resistance and powering requirements. One possible method of improving ship powering characteristics is by modifying existing individual ship hulls with the addition of bulbous bows. This paper will identify the merits of retrofitting bow bulbs on selected U.S. Navy auxiliary and amphibious warfare ships. A procedure for performing a cost-benefit analysis will be shown for candidate ship classes. An example of this technique for an amphibious warfare ship will also be provided. A brief discussion of future methods to be used for bulbous bow design such as application of systematic model test data and numerical hydrodynamic techniques will be given.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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SHIP energy-CONSERVATION ASSIST TEAM (SECAT)

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第2期96卷 47-58页

作者： DANGEL, R BRICE, AE The Authors A. Edward Brice was born and educated in Scotland where he graduated from the James Watt Memorial College and Paisley Technical College. His earliest marine engineering experience was obtained at Scotts's Shipbuilding and Engineering Company Limited from 1952 to 1959 where he was involved in the production and design of steam and diesel machinery plants for both Naval and commercial ships. During a five year stay in Canada Mr. Brice gained diversified experience in industries other than marine such as petrochemical plants and steel mills. He moved to the U.S. in 1964 where he was the design supervisor in charge of marine engineering at NASSCO covering new construction for American President Lines AFS type ships for the U.S. Navy Project Mohole Car Ferries for the State of Washington and 17 LST's for the U.S. Navy. During the contract definition phase of the DD-963 Mr. Brice authored several portions of the technical proposal while employed by Litton industries. He was also responsible for the system and detail design including the technical management of sub-contracts for the steam propulsion plant for the LHA 1 Class ships. Mr. Brice has been active in the Washington area for the last ten years performing marine engineering projects for the U.S. Navy. His principal interest since 1974 has been in shipboard energy conservation. He assisted in the development of the NavySTMSYS program and later in the operational verification aboard FF-1074. Mr. Brice has conducted four SECA T visits aboard ships with 1200 PSI steam plants and has recently completed an at-sea visit aboard on AOR with a 600 PSI steam plant. Richard Dangel was bom in New York City. He received his Bachelor's degree from the Sloan School of Industrial Management of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1955. He has also completed graduate work for a Masters in Engineering Administration at George Washington University. Since graduation he has spent 11 years in private industry with companies in the DOD engineering research

The Ship energy Conservation Assist Team (SECAT) program was initiated in Fiscal Year (FY) 82 by the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) to demonstrate and introduce individual Ship Commands to known energy conserving techniques without adding equipment complexity or additional maintenance burden. The principal objective is to provide each ship with an energy consumption, coupled with recommended energy conservation strategies. The technique involves both in-port and underway monitoring and introduction of energy efficient machinery plant alignments, fuel consumption curve generation, and most efficient speed curves. The program has completed visits on six combatants and enjoys the support of both the Commander, Naval Surface Forces, U.S. Atlantic Fleet (COMNAVSURFLANT) and the Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Atlantic Fleet (CINCLANT). Plans are to perform SECAT on additional DDG 2 and FF 1052/1078 Class ships and initiate SECAT on additional ship types in FY 83.

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A study of flame arrestors in piping systems. Even officially approved flame arrestors must be used only under the exact conditions for which they were tested and approved

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Process Safety Progress 1983年第1期2卷 5-12页

作者： G. L. Broschka I. Ginsburgh R. A. Mancini R. G. Will Amoco Oil Co. Naperville Ill. Gregory L. Broschka is currently a Specialist in Industry Supply Analysis with the Standard Oil Company (Indiana). He holds an M.S. degree in Chemical Engineering from Northwestern University and has been employed by Standard or its subsidiary companies for 8 years. While he was with the Amoco Oil Company Research Department he conducted research in flammability and flame propagation synthetic fuels and leak detection technology. Irwin Ginsburgh is a Senior Research Associate with the Amoco Oil Company Research and Development Department with whom he has been employed for 31 years. He holds a PhD in Physics from Rutgers University and has conducted extensive research in gas phase detonations and static electricity. Current research interests include unconfined vapor cloud explosions vapor recovery and advanced energy sources. He holds 42 patents has been awarded four IR 100 awards and has published numerous articles and one book. Robert A. Mancini is a Research Supervisor and Process Safety Specialist with the Amoco Oil Company Research and Development Department. He holds a PhD in Chemical Engineering from Northwestern University and has conducted research in reaction kinetics process safety environmental conservation and probability analysis related to process safety and equipment reliability. He is a member of the Static Electricity and Fire Safety Engineering Subcommittees of the American Petroleum Institute Committee on Safety and Fire Protection and is a member of the NFPA Explosion Protection Systems Technical Committee. Robert G. Will is Director of the Engineering and Environmental Research Division of Amoco Oil Company Research and Development Department and has been employed by Amoco Oil or its subsidiary companies for 29 years. He is a mechanical engineering graduate from Purdue University and has conducted research in oil spill control process safety and burner design. He holds five patents has been awarded an IR 100 award and is a Registered Profession

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Coordinated control and its implementation

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Process Safety Progress 1982年第2期1卷 85-90页

作者： C. S. Lin T. H. Tsai J. W. Lane Tenneco Inc. Houston Texas 77001 Cheng S. Lin:was born in Taiwan and received a BS in Mechanical Engineering at Cheng Kung University. He came to the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1959 where he received a MME in Mechanical Engineering in 1962 and a PhD in Mechanical Engineering in 1966 He spent three years at West Virginia Pulp and Paper Co. in Process Control Research three years at TRW Inc. Systems Group on the Apollo program and nine years at Bonner and Moore Assoc. installing process control systems worldwide. He joined the Operations Technologies Department of Tenneco Inc. as a Consulting Engineer in June 1980. He is a US citizen and a member of IEEE. Thomas H. Tsai:is a Managing Engineer of the Operations Technologies Department of Tenneco Inc. He is a Registered Professional Engineer in the State of Calif. and is a Member of AIChE and a Senior Member of ISA. He received a BS degree in Chemical Engineering at Tunghan University of Taiwan and attended graduate school at Oklahoma State University. James W. Lane:received a BE and MS in Chemical Engineering from the University of Southern California. He is a Registered Professional Engineer in the States of Tex and Calif. and is a Member of the AIChE Senior Member of the IEEE and Senior Member of the SME. For the last seven years he has been Director of the Operations Technologies Department of Tenneco Inc. a cooperate engineering group providing expertise in advanced control technology for process control energy management and environmental monitoring systems.

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MACHINERY ARRANGEMENT DESIGN - A PERSPECTIVE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第3期93卷 133-141页

作者： RESNER, ME KLOMPARENS, SH LYNCH, JP Mr. Michael E. Resner:received an Engineering Degree from Texas A&M University in 1966 and has done graduate work in management at American University. He is Director Machinery Arrangements/Control Systems and Industrial Facilities Division (SEA 525) at the Naval Sea Systems Command. His previous positions have included Program Manager Solar Total Energy Program at the Department of Energy and Branch Chief Machinery Control Systems Branch at the Naval Ship Engineering Center. Mr. Stephen H. Klomparens:is a Naval Architect at Designers & Planners Inc. and is engaged in development of computer aids for ship design. He received his B.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1973 and his M.S. degree in Computer Science from the Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Kolmparens began his professional career at Hydronautics Inc. in 1974 where he was involved in the use of marine laboratory facilities for test and development of conventional and advanced marine craft. Since 1977 he has been involved with naval and commercial ship design and with development of computer-aided ship design tools. Mr. John P. Lynch:is a Principal Marine Engineer with Hydronautics Inc. He was previously employed in the auxiliary machinery and computer-aided design divisions of the David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center the machinery design division of the New York Naval Shipyard and the machinery arrangement code of the Bureau of Ships. His active naval service was as a ship superintendent in the production department of the Long Beach Naval Shipyard. Mr. Lynch received his B. S. degree in Marine Engineering from the New York State Maritime College and his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Columbia University. He is a licensed Professional Engineer in the State of New York and a member of ASNE.

The machinery arrangement design process has remained relatively unchanged over the years. Recently, external demands have been placed on both the product and the producers that call for changes to this process. This paper cites these external demands and traces the evolution of the process changes from the rule-of-thumb machinery box sizing routines up to the current automated procedures. The machinery arrangement design practice is presented, and existing analytic and graphics aids are discussed. The user requirements for improved design aids are presented, with implementation guidelines and hardware/software alternatives.

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CORROSION OF ZINC ANODES IN SEAWATER

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1976年第4期88卷 65-72页

作者： TODD, JM PERKINS, J Lt. James M. Todd USN:is a 1968 graduate of the United States Merchant Marine Academy with a BS in Marine Engineering. He served aboard various maritime ships as an operating engineer on marine propulsion plants. His active duty in the U.S. Navy began in 1969 and as an Engineering Duty Officer (ED) his assignments included Main Propulsion Assistant in the USS Golds borough (DDG-20) and Machinery Maintenance Program Officer at NAVSECNORDIV. He is presently attending the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School where he is pursuing a program leading to an MS degree in Mechanical Engineering and the degree of Mechanical Engineer. Dr. Jeff Perkins:holds a PhD in metallurgy from Case Western Reserve University and did postdoctoral work for two years at Carnegie-Mellon University. Since 1972 he has been Assistant Professor of Materials Engineering in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School. His particular areas of interest are corrosion failure analysis and microanalytic techniques.

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COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF OCEANS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1976年第1期88卷 21-26页

作者： SONENSHEIN, N USN (RET.) The Author graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in the Class of 1938. His work has included instruction in Naval Construction and Marine Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology which lead to his MS degree in 1944 and in the Advanced Management Program at Harvard Graduate School in 1964. As an Engineering Duty Officer (ED) he has served in various Navy commands including Mare Island and New York Naval Shipyards USS Philippine Sea (CVA-47) during the Korean conflict as Chief Engineer and on the Staffs of both the Commander-in-Chief and the Commander Service Force U.S. Pacific Fleet as Fleet and Force Maintenance Officer. Within the Naval Ship Systems Command and its predecessor Bureau of Ships his duties included those of Director Facilities Division Head Hull Design Branch Director Ship Design Division Assistant Chief for Design Shipbuilding and Fleet Maintenance and from 1969 to 1972 as Commander Naval Ship Systems Command. Other assignments have included Project Manager for the Navy's Fast Deployment Logistic Ship Project from 1965 to 1967 Deputy Chief of Naval Material for Logistic Support from 1967 to 1969 and Chairman Naval Material Command Shipbuilding Council which commenced upon completion of his tour as Commander Naval Ships Systems Command in 1972. On 4 September 1973 he was appointed Director of the Defense Energy Task Group (DETG) and subsequently on 15 November 1973 as Director of Energy for the Department of Defense. Upon his retirement from the naval service in November 1974 he became Assistant to the President Global Marine Development Inc. based in Newport Beach Calif. A former President of ASNE from 1970 to 1971 he is currently the Vice-President of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. In addition he is a member of the honorary engineering society Sigma Xi and listed among those named in “Who's Who in America.”

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THE FT9 MARINE GAS TURBINE ENGINE DEVELOPMENT program

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Naval Engineers Journal 1975年第6期87卷 79-96页

作者： FAIRBANKS, JOHN W. The author is a graduate of the Maine Maritime Academy Stanford University and the University of Santa Clara. His undergraduate degrees were in Marine and Mechanical Engineering and his Masters Degree Specialization was in Heat-Mass-Momentum Transfer within the Mechanical Engineering Department He has taught Gas Dynamics Thermodynamics and Direct Energy Conversion at Texas A&M and the University of Maryland and has sailed as a licensed Marine Engineer for two and a half years with the American Export Lines currently holding active First Assistant Steam Unlimited and Third Assistant Diesel Unlimited licenses. From 1954 to 1957 he was on active duty in the U.S. Navy serving in the USS Montrose (APA-212) as both Main Propulsion Assistant and Chief Engineer. While employed at Hiller Aircraft Company he was in the Advanced Research Group and worked on the Detached Coanda Effect for VTOL and ground effect machines as well as designing high-speed bearings and high-speed shaft test stands for the SC-142A an experimental tilt wing aircraft program. In 1963 he went to Philco-Ford to design a Brayton Cycle Power System for a solar probe spacecraft and also worked on the Thermal and Power System Design of the IDCSP (DOD's Communication Satellite). At NASA's Goddard Space Center for six years his responsibilities included design fabrication integration test launch and flight operation of solar arrays on two spacecraft and also as Power Systems Engineer for the Orbiting Astronomical Observatory the largest unmanned spacecraft flown. In 1971 he joined NAVSEC where he is currently the Program Engineer on the FT9 Gas Turbine Development Program and Coordinator of the Navy's Materials Programs for advanced gas turbines. Having organized the first two Navy Gas Turbine Materials Conferences he is presently organizing U.S. participation in a joint U.S. Navy Royal Navy Gas Turbine Materials Conference to be held in ‘the United Kingdom in September 1976. Mr. Fairbanks has authored or coauthored 21 technical papers and i

The current Navy philosophy for marine gas turbine engine development is to marinize an existing aircraft turbo jet engine. The FT9 Marine Gas Turbine Engine is a 33,000 horsepower version of the Pratt and Whitney JT9D engine, which powers the 747 aircraft. Marinization of the JT9D basically involves removal of the fan section, addition of a power turbine, structural modification to several components, and material changes to provide corrosion‐resistance in the marine environment. Characteristics and ratings of the individual engine components are discussed as well as the assembled engine. The FT9 design incorporates the modular replacement concept. Modular replacement permits replacement of short‐life components such as the hot‐section without removing the engine from its mounts. The FT9 specification requires development of a condition monitoring system as an integral part of the engine development. Thus, provisions for sensor installations are incorporated in the design. Accelerometers are installed on the internal engine bearing housings to provide improved vibration signals. These accelerometers are mounted on rods such that they are removable without engine disassembly. Extensive borescope provisions are included to provide capability to inspect all hot‐section components without disassembling the engine. The engine life‐limiting component is the hot‐section because of the susceptibility of the blade and vane materials to sulphidation/oxidation at the temperatures encountered with the advanced engines. Sophisticated Made and vane cooling is used to allow high turbine inlet temperatures while keeping blade metal temperatures in a region where sulphidation/oxidation is only moderately active. Coatings are added to blades and vanes to extend engine life. Three FT9 engines will be delivered to the Navy. The target date for provisional Service Approval of FT9 is mid‐1978. FT9 will provide the U.S. Navy with the most advanced marine gas turbine with the highest powe

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