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Expectancies and Mental Models as Determinants of Adolescents' Smoking Decisions

Journal of Social Issues 2010年第1期53卷 35-52页

作者： Donald W. Hine Craig Summers Kate Tilleczek John Lewko Centre for Research in Human Development Laurentian University DONALD W. HINE is a senior research associate with the Centre for Research in Human Development at Laurentian University. Dr. Hine's research interests include: applied decision making risk perceptions resource management mining safety and adolescent risk behavior. He has published several articles on cognitive factors that mediate harvest behavior in common dilemmas risk perceptions related to the disposal of low-level and high-level nuclear waste and the relationship between the physical environment and substance misuse. CRAIG SUMMERS is an Associate Professor in Psychology at Laurentian University. He has published recent articles on risk perception and decision traps inPeace and Conflict Current Research on Peace and Violence Perception and Psycho- physics Cortex Behavioral Brain Science Ethics and Behavior andBehavior Research Methods Instruments and Computers. KATE TILLECZEK currently teaches “The Adolescent and Society” in the Department of Sociology at Laurentian University. Her research interests include healthy transitions of adolescents into adulthood including: school to work transitions adolescent career choice designing developmentally appropriate secondary schools student participation in educational change innovations such as school councils and understanding risk behaviors in social context. She has co-authored a policy document for the Premier's Council on Health Well-Being and Social Justice on “Transition Aged Youth” and a chapter in Learning and Sociological Profiles of Canadian High School Students on high school dropouts. JOHN LEWKO is the director of the Centre for Research in Human Development at Laurentian University and a Full Professor in the Child and Development Studies graduate program. He has expertise in adolescent risk behavior social policy and health promotion.

Cigarette smoking has been identified as the single most preventable source of mortality and morbidity in the United States. Experimentation with tobacco typically begins in adolescence, and smoking during this period is one of the strongest and most consistent predictors of adult smoking status. In the present paper, we review several prominent decision models that have been applied to adolescent smoking, and point out important limitations of these models. We then propose a new process-oriented framework of decision-making based on the concept of mental models, and discuss the implications of this framework for developing effective smoking prevention and cessation interventions for adolescents.

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Embodying Psychological Thriving: Physical Thriving in Response to Stress

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Journal of Social Issues 2010年第2期54卷 301-322页

作者： Elissa S. Epel Bruce S. McEwen Jeannette R. Ickovics Yale University ELISSA EPEL is currently a clinical intern at the Palo Alto Veterans Hospital. She has completed the Ph.D. requirements in clinical psychology at Yale University. Her current research interests focus on psychoneuroendocrine profiles that predict healing or disease processes. The data reported here were part of her dissertation on Cortisol stress coping and body fat distribution which was funded by the Mac Arthur Foundation Working Group on Socioeconomic Status and Health. Epel was the recipient of the APA Division 38 Student Research Award and the Society of Behavioral Medicine's Outstanding Dissertation Award. Rockefeller University BRUCE MCEWEN a neuroscientist is Professor and Head of the Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology at Rockefeller University where he also received his Ph.D. He has served as Dean of Graduate Studies and is an editorial board member of numerous journals in his field as well as Past-President of the Society for Neuroscience and a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He has more than 600 publications dealing with the effects of stress and sex hormones on brain functions. He has shown that gene expression can be regulated by the endocrine system and has elucidated the effects of steroid hormones at molecular cellular and organismic levels. His work spans the social/psychological to the molecular level and continues to have great impact on many fields as well as important clinical implications. JEANNETTE R. ICKOVICS is an Assistant Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health and of Psychology at Yale University. She received her Ph.D. in Applied Social Psychology from the George Washington University. Her research focuses on women and HIV/AIDS as well as more generally on the interaction of biomedical and psychosocial factors that promote good health and recovery. She received a Scholar Award from the American Foundation for AIDS Research (1993–1996) as well as the 1991 Distinguished Publication Award from the Association fo

In addition to the context of psychological health, thriving can be measured in the context of physical health. Moreover, thriving may be ope rationalized at a macro level (e.g., improved functional health status following acute illness or injury) or at a micro level (e.g., hormonal balance). The goal of this article is to examine physical thriving at the micro level, by investigating hormonal responses to stressful situations. In addition, we examine the role that psychological factors play in this relationship. Although stress-induced arousal has traditionally been viewed as negative, certain endocrine responses to stress can be health enhancing. Specifically, we propose that physical thriving results when there is a greater amount of growth promoting or anabolic hormones (e.g., growth hormone) than catabolic hormones (e.g., Cortisol). Characteristics of the stressor (duration, frequency, and controllability) as well as psychological moderators such as one's cognitive appraisal of the stressor (threat versus challenge) play a role in determining the profile of response to stress. When an individual appraises intermittent stressors as controllable, she or he may display a resilient profile of stress hormone responding—rapid Cortisol responses with quick recovery, and more importantly, Cortisol adaptation when faced with similar stressors over time. This stress response is in turn related to better health. To substantiate some of these issues, we present data from a study examining women's Cortisol reactivity in response to a repeated laboratory stressor and their self-reported growth from facing trauma. The results suggest that women who have grown psychologically from trauma may show quicker Cortisol habituation to other stressors. Cortisol adaptation to stress may serve as one potential marker of resilient psychological and physical functioning.

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Association between periodontitis and anti-cardiolipin antibodies in Buerger disease

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Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2009年第10期36卷 830-835页

作者： Chen, Yi-Wen Nagasawa, Toshiyuki Wara-Aswapati, Nawarat Ushida, Yuka Wang, Dongqing Takeuchi, Yasuo Kobayashi, Hiroaki Umeda, Makoto Inoue, Yoshinori Iwai, Takehisa Ishikawa, Isao Izumi, Yuichi Department of Hard Tissue Engineering Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan National Taiwan University Hospital National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dentistry Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine Beijing Stomatological Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China Department of Vascular and Applied Surgery Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan Tsukuba Vascular Center Buerger Disease Research Institute Ibaragi Japan Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan Global Center of Excellence Program International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan Department of Periodontology and Endodontology Health Science University of Hokkaido Ishikari-gun Hokkaido 061-0293 1757 Kanazawa Tobetsu-cho Japan

Aim: Anti-cardiolipin (CL) antibodies can be induced in Buerger disease (BD), an inflammatory occlusive disorder affecting peripheral blood vessels, in response to bacteria bearing homology to the TLRVYK peptide of a phospholipid-binding plasma protein β-2-glycoprotein I. TLRVYK homologies are present in Porphyromonas gingivalis (TLRIYT) and Treponema denticola (TLALYK). This study investigated the association between periodontal infection and anti-CL antibodies in BD patients. Material and Methods: Periodontal conditions were examined in 19 BD patients and 25 systemically healthy control subjects. All subjects were heavy smokers. Serum anti-CL, anti-TLRVYK, anti-TLRIYT, and anti-TLALYK antibodies were assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: BD patients had a significantly higher prevalence of periodontitis, more severe periodontal destruction and increased titres of serum anti-CL, anti-TLRVYK, anti-TLRIYT, and anti-TLALYK antibodies compared with healthy subjects. The levels of anti-CL antibodies positively correlated with those of the three anti-peptide antibodies. Anti-CL antibody titres were significantly associated with the percentage of sites with clinical attachment level ≥4 mm in BD patients. Conclusion: Elevated anti-CL antibody levels were associated with periodontal destruction in BD patients. Periodontopathic bacteria may serve as exogenous antigens that stimulate the anti-CL antibody production through molecular mimicry between the bacterial peptides and a host plasma protein. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

关键词： β-2-glycoprotein I Anti-cardiolipin antibody Buerger disease Molecular mimicry Periodontitis

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Comparative modeling of DNA and RNA polymerases from Moniliophthora perniciosa mitochondrial plasmid

Comparative modeling of DNA and RNA polymerases from Monilio...

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2008 International Conference on Bioinformatics, Computational Biology, Genomics and Chemoinformatics, BCBGC 2008

作者： Andrade, Bruno S. Taranto, Alex G. Röessle, Shaila C.S. Góes-Neto, Aristóteles Avery, Mitchell A. Department of Biological Sciences State University of Feira de Santana Graduate Program in Biotechnology Av. Universitária s/n CEP: 44031-460 Feira de Santana - Bahia Brazil Department of Health Sciences State University of Feira de Santana Feira de Santana - Bahia Brazil Av. Universitária s/n CEP: 44031-460 Feira de Santana - Bahia Brazil Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Boltzmannstraße 1D 85748 Garching bei München Germany Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Laboratory for Applied Drug Design and Synthesis University MS 38677-1848 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781615677153

The filamentous fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa (Stahel) Aime & Phillips-Mora is a hemibiotrophic Basidiomycota that causes witches' broom disease of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). This disease has resulted in a severe decrease in the Brazilian cocoa production, which changed the position of Brazil in the market from the second largest cocoa exporter to a cocoa importer. Fungal mitochondrial plasmids are usually invertrons encoding DNA and RNA polymerases. Plasmid insertion into host mitochondrial genomes are probably associated to modifications in host generation time, which can be involved in fungal aging. This association suggests activity of polymerases, and these can be used as new targets for drugs against mitochondrial activity of fungi, more specifically against witches' broom disease. DNA and RNA polymerases of M. perniciosa mitochondrial plasmid were completely sequenced and their models were built by Comparative Modeling approach using Swiss-PdbViewer. The DNA and RNA polymerases models were refined by a set of Molecular Mechanics (MM) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation in water. The resultant models were evaluated by Procheck 3.0 and ANOLEA. Ramachandran plots showed 97% and 98% of residues in favorable region for DNA and RNA polymerases, respectively. Potential Energy plots showed, in general, that all atoms of sidechain had favorable thermodynamic values for both proteins. This study can contribute for the development of new alternatives for controlling the fungal agent of witches' broom disease.

关键词： DNA

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Grading the gradient: Evidence for time-dependent memory reorganization in experimental animals

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Debates in Neuroscience 2007年第2-4期1卷 67-78页

作者： Frankland, Paul W. Teixeira, Cátia M. Wang, Szu-Han Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON M5G 1X8 Canada Department of Physiology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA) Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal

In humans, damage limited to the hippocampus produces temporally graded retrograde amnesia, with relative sparing of remote compared to recent memory. This observation forms the cornerstone of the idea that as memories mature they are reorganized in a time-dependent manner. In this paper, we evaluate evidence for similar time-dependent reorganization in experimental animals. In the majority of behavioral paradigms examined, these studies provide evidence that memories are gradually reorganized over time, with the hippocampus and cortex playing preferential (although not necessarily mutually exclusive) roles in the expression of recent and remote memory, respectively. This pattern is not observed in all tasks, however. For example, in the water maze hippocampal activity is always necessary for memory expression. Identifying situations when the hippocampus is, and is not, required for remote memory expression will help us to understand hippocampal contributions to memory, and, more generally, whether changes in memory organization lead to qualitative changes in the nature of memory. © Springer Verlag 2007.

关键词： Cortex Hippocampus Memory consolidation Remote memory Retrograde amnesia

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Abstracts for the 6th Congress of Asian Sleep Research Society

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Sleep and Biological Rhythms 2009年第4期7卷 A1-A49页

作者： Seog Ju Kim In Kyoon Lyoo Yu-Jin Lee Do-Un Jeong Hirohiko Kanai Masanori Ookubo Atsushi Yoshimura Masako Okawa Noto Yamada Takeshi Munezawa Yoshitaka Kaneita Yoneatsu Osaki Hideyuki Kanda Tadahiro Ohtsu Masumi Minowa Kenji Suzuki Susumu Hijuchi Hiroyuki Suzuki Takashi Ohida Takashi Abe Yoko Komada Shoichi Asaoka Yuichi Inoue Jin-Seong Lee Sang-Yong Cho Deependra Kumar Hruda N. Mallick Velayudhan M. Kumar Mahesh K. Kaushik Akihiro Karashima Noiihiro Katayama Mitsuyuki Nakao Ravindra P. Nagendra Sathiamma Sulekha Sathyaprabha T. Narasappa Pradhan Nityanadan Bindu M. Kutty M. Nirmala P. N. Ravindra Basavaraj Ramappa Tubaki T. N. Sathyaprabha D. Sudhakar G. S. Lavekar C. R. Chandrashekar Kazuyoshi Kitaoka Mika Shimizu Sachiko Chikahisa Kazuo Yoshizaki Hiroyoshi Sei Jong-Won Kim Misa Takegami Shin Yamazaki Yasuaki Hayashino Rei Ono Koji Otani Miho Sekiguchi Shinichi Konno Shunichi Fukuhara Antonia J. Jakobson Paul Fitzgerald Russell Conduit Xin Shirley Li Siu Ping Joyce Lam Wai Man Mandy Yu Yun Kwok Wing Kazue Okamoto-Mizuno Koh Mizuno Mituaki Yamamoto Shuichiro Shirakawa Hirokazu Doi Mikako Kato Kazuyuki Shinohara Masako Tamaki Shiori Matsuda Katsuo Yamazaki Tadao Hori Keiko Ogawa Kazumi Takahashi Kunio Kitahama Katuo Yamazaki Yoshimasa Koyama Kohei Shioda Yugo Ueda Yukiko Nakamura Clara Inoue Kazushige Goto Sunao Uchida Yuko Morita Yoshiko Honda Tohru Kodama Mari Hagihara Toru Nakajima Masato Saito Yoshihiko Koga Shinichiro Tanaka Hiroshi Yamadera Madoka Takahara Sachiko Suwa Minoru Onozuka Sadao Sato Fumiharu Togo Taiki Komatsu Takeshi Mitani Jongbae Choi Bin Zhang Taeko Sasai Hiromi Mitsubayashi Mitsuhiro Ohtsu Isao Hasegawa Tatsuya Ishii Akira Komori Asami Suzuki Yue Nakahara Mitsuyasu Hiroki Mariko Nakauma Nobuo Someya Tomomasa Ochiai Shouhei Komori Rayleigh Ping-Ying Chiang Zai-Ting Yeh Seong T. Kim Seung H. Yoon Jeong S. Kwon Jong H. Choi Hyung J. Ahn Youngsoo Kim Bolortuya Yunren Lichao Chen Radhika Basheer Robert W. Mccarley Robert E. Strecker Makoto Honda Tetsuaki Arai Miyuki Fukazawa Yutaka Honda Kuniaki T Department of Psychiatry Gachon University of Medicine and Science Incheon Republic of Korea Department of Psychiatry Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Neuropsychiatry and Center for Sleep and Chronobiology Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Neuropsychiatry Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Psychiatry Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu Japan Division of Public Health Department of Social Medicine Nihon University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Department of Public Health Nihon University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine Department of Social Medicine Faculty of Medicine Tottori University Yonago Japan Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan Department of Public Health Showa University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Faculty of Humanities Seitoku University Matsudo Japan Section on Behavioral Science Division of Clinical Research National Hospital Organization Kurihama Alcoholism Center Yokosuka Japan Department of Otolaryngology Second Hospital Fujita Health University Nagoya Japan National Hospital Organization Kurihama Alcoholism Center Kanagawa Japan Metropolitan Police Department Criminal Investigation Laboratory Tokyo Japan Japan Somnology Center Neuropsychiatrie Research Institute Tokyo Japan Department of Somnology Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan Japan Somnology Center Neuropsychiatric Research Institute Tokyo Japan Department of Somnology Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan Center for Sleep and Chronobiology Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science Center for Sleep and Chronobiology Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Physiology Al

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Bioindustry ethics /

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2005年

作者： David L. Finegold ... [et al.].

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Evaluation of New Jersey's sex offender treatment program at the Adult Diagnostic and Treatment Center: Preliminary results

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Journal of Psychiatry and Law 2003年第2期31.0卷 133-164页

作者： Zgoba, Kristen M. Sager, Wayne R. Witt, Philip H. Center for Mental Health Services and Criminal Justice Research Rutgers University Program development specialist and research coordinator Adult Diagnostic and Treatment Center New Jersey Adjunct instructor in psychology College of New Jersey Principal Associates in Psychological Services P. A. Diplomate in forensic psychology American Board of Professional Psychology Clinical associate professor Robert Wood Johnson Medical School--UMDNJ Adjunct faculty member Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology Rutgers University

This study examined 10-year sexual and non-sexual offense recidivism for sex offenders released from New Jersey's general prison system and from the Adult Diagnostic and Treatment Center (ADTC), New Jersey's correctional facility and treatment center for repetitive-compulsive sexual offenders. The study found that sexual offenders released from the ADTC had significantly lower rates of committing both non-sexual offenses and any offense, compared with the general prison population of sex offenders. For both groups, the 10-year sexual offense reconviction rates were relatively low, 8.6% for the ADTC offenders and 12.7% for the general prison sexual offenders, while reoffense rates for non-sexual offenses were 25.8% and 44.1% for ADTC and general prison sex offenders, respectively.

关键词： RECIDIVISM SEX crimes SEX offenders PRISON sentences PRISON administration

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Contributory presentations/posters

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Journal of biosciences 1999年第1期24卷 33-198页

作者： N. Manoj V. R. Srinivas A. Surolia M. Vijayan K. Suguna R. Ravishankar R. Schwarzenbacher K. Zeth Diederichs G. M. Kostner A. Gries P. Laggner R. Prassl Madhusudan Pearl Akamine Nguyen-huu Xuong Susan S. Taylor M. Bidva Sagar K. Saikrishnan S. Roy K. Purnapatre P. Handa U. Varshney B. K. Biswal N. Sukumar J. K. Mohana Rao A. Johnson Vasantha Pattabhi S. Sri Krishna Mira Sastri H. S. Savithri M. R. N. Murthy Bindu Pillai Kannan M. V. Hosur Mukesh Kumar Swati Patwardhan K. K. Kannan B. Padmanabhaa S. Sasaki-Sugio M. Nukaga T. Matsuzaki S. Karthikevan S. Sharma A. K. Sharma M. Paramasivam P. Kumar J. A. Khan S. Yadav A. Srinivasan T. P. Singh S. Gourinath Neelima Alam A. Srintvasan Vikas Chandra Punit Kaur Ch. Betzel S. Ghosh A. K. Bera S. Bhattacharya S. Chakraborty A. K. Pal B. P. Mukhopadhyay I. Dey U. Haldar Asok Baneriee Jozef Sevcik Adriana Solovicova K. Sekar M. Sundaralingam N. Genov Dong-cai Liang Tao Jiang Ji-ping Zhang Wen-rui Chang Wolfgang Jahnke Marcel Blommers S. C. Panchal R. V. Hosur Bindu Pillay Puniti Mathur S. Srivatsun Ratan Mani Joshi N. R. Jaganathan V. S. Chauhan H. S. Atreya S. C. Sahu K. V. R. Chary Girjesh Govil Elisabeth Adjadj Éric Quinjou Nadia Izadi-Pruneyre Yves Blouquit Joël Mispelter Bernadette Heyd Guilhem Lerat Philippe Milnard Michel Desmadreil Y. Lin B. D. Nageswara Rao Vidva Raghunathan Mei H. Chau Prashant Pesais Sudha Srivastava Evans Coutinho Anil Saran Leizl F. Sapico Jayson Gesme Herbert Lijima Raymond Paxton Thamarapu Srikrishnan C. R. Grace G. Nagenagowda A. M. Lynn Sudha M. Cowsik Sarata C. Sahu S. Chauhan A. Bhattacharya G. Govil Anil Kumar Maurizio Pellecchia Erik R. P. Zuiderweg Keiichi Kawano Tomoyasu Aizawa Naoki Fujitani Yoichi Hayakawa Atsushi Ohnishi Tadayasu Ohkubo Yasuhiro Kumaki Kunio Hikichi Katsutoshi Nitta V. Rani Parvathy R. M. Kini Takumi Koshiba Yoshihiro Kobashigawa Min Yao Makoto Demura Astushi Nakagawa Isao Tanaka Kunihiro Kuwajima Jens Linge Seán O. Donoghue Michael Nilges G. Chakshusmathi Girish S. Ratnaparkhi P. K. Madhu R. Varadarajan C. Tetreau Molecular Biophysics Unit Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Austrian Academy of Sciences Institute of Biophysics and X-ray Structure Research Graz Austria Faculty of Biology University of Konstanz Germany Institute of Medical Biochemistry University of Graz Austria Howard Huges Medical Institute Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California La Jolla USA Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California San Diego La Jolla USA Molecular Biophysics Unit India Department of Microbiology &Cell Biology Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Macromolecular Structure Laboratory NCI - Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center ABL - Basic Research Program Frederick USA Department of Crystallography and Biophysics University of Madras Chennai Biochemistry Department Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Condensed Matter Physics Division B.A.R.C. Trombay Mumbai Condensed Matter Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai IMCB The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Yokohama Research Center Yokohama Japan Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chiba University Chiba Japan Department of Biophysics All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India Department of Biophysics All India Institute of Medical sciences New Delhi India Institüt Physiologische Chemie Hamburg Germany Biophysics Department Bose Institute Calcutta India Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Molecular Biology Bratislava Slovakia Indian Institute of Science Bioinformatics Centre Bangalore Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry Biological Macromolecular Structure Center USA Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Institute of Organic Chemistry Sofia Bulgaria Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Biophysics Beijing China Novartis Pharma AG Preclinical Research Basel Switzerland Department of Chemical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai India Solid State Physics Div

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L -Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from Phaseolus vulgaris : partial degradation of enzyme subunits in vitro and in vivo

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Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 1986年第2期881卷 210-221页

作者： G. Paul Bolwell Jan Sap Carole L. Cramer Christopher J. Lamb Wolfgang Schuch Richard A. Dixon Department of Biochemistry Royal Holloway College University of London Egham Hill Egham Surrey TW20 0EX U.K. Graduate Program in Biology University of California at San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 U.S.A. Plant Biology Laboratory Salk Institute for Biological Studies P.O. Box 85800 San Diego CA 92138 U.S.A. Imperial Chemical Industries plc Corporate Biosciences Laboratory P.O. Box No. 11 The Health Runcorn Cheshire WA7 4QE U.K

L -Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5) has been purified from suspension cultured cells of French bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) which had been exposed to polysaccharide elicitor preparations from the cell walls of the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum . After preliminary purification by ammonium sulphate fractionation and gel filtration, the enzyme was further purified by (a) ion-exchange chromatography followed by chromatofocussing, (b) chromatography on rabbit anti-(phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) IgG, or (c) affinity chromatography on L -aminooxy( p -hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (or L -tyrosine) linked to epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B via the phenolic hydroxyl group. The purified enzyme preparations exhibited subunit M r values of 77 000, 70 000 and 53 000, the relative proportions of these depending upon the enzyme source, length of time taken for purification, and inclusion of freeze-thaw steps. Four forms of the enzyme, differing in p I value, were resolved by chromatofocussing, although all forms from the same preparation consisted of similar proportions of the different subunit M r forms. Peptide mapping and freeze-thaw studies indicate that the M r 77 000 native phenylalanine ammonia-lyase subunit is inherently unstable in vitro and breaks down to yield the lower M r partial degradation products. Such products could also be observed following in vitro translation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase mRNA. Pulse-chase experiments indicated that the 77 000 → 70 000 → 53 000 subunit interconversion also occurs in vivo.

关键词： Chromatofocusing Immunopurification L -Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase Western blotting Enzyme degradation ( P. vulgaris ) PMSF, phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride PCMB, p -chloromercuribenzoic acid

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