This study aimed to understand bark thickness variations of Araucaria angustifolia(Bertol.)Kuntze trees growing in natural forest remnants in southern Brazil,and their relationship with quantitative and qualitative **...
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This study aimed to understand bark thickness variations of Araucaria angustifolia(Bertol.)Kuntze trees growing in natural forest remnants in southern Brazil,and their relationship with quantitative and qualitative *** thickness must be accurately estimated in order to determine timber volume *** is an important variable for the sustainable management and conservation of araucaria *** spite of its importance and visibility,bark thickness variations have not been evaluated for this key species in southern Brazil.A total of 104 trees were selected,and their qualitative and quantitative attributes such as diameter at breast height(D_(BH)),height(H),crown base height(C_(BH)),crown length(C_(L)),social position(S_(P)),stoniness(S_(T)),position on the relief(P_(R)),vitality(V_T)and branch arrangement(B_(A))were *** trees were categorized into two groups:red bark or gray *** analysis and artificial neural networks(ANN)were used for modelling bark *** results indicate that:(1)bark thickness showed good correlation to D_(BH),with 0.76 as coefficient of determination(RS_P),0.540 as Mean Absolute Error(M_(AE))and 22.4 root-meansquare error in percentage(R_(MSE%));(2)the trend changed according to bark colour,with significant differences for the intersection(_0–Pr>F:p=0.0124)and slope(β_(1)–Pr>F:p=0.0126)of bark thickness curves between groups;(3)the highest correlation of bark thickness was found with:D_(BH)(ρ=0.88),H(ρ=0.58),C_(BH)(ρ=0.46),S_(P)(ρ=-0.52),and B_(A)(ρ=-0.32);(4)modelling with ANN confirmed high adjustment(R^(2)=0.99)and accuracy(R_(MSE%)=3.0)of the *** is an efficient and robust technique for the modelling of various qualitative and quantitative attributes commonly used in forest *** effective use of ANN to estimate araucaria bark in natural forests reinforces its potential,besides the possibility of application for other forest species.
Dispersal by waterbirds and wild mammals is known to be important for maintaining biodiversity among wetlands. Cattle are known to be important seed dispersers in terrestrial habitats;however, the role of cattle in pl...
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Geographical Indications (GIs) are labels that recognize products with specific identities, linked to the environmental and cultural characteristics of their places of origin. In this article, we explore the relations...
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