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Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study (vol 2, pg 144, 2021)

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LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2021年第4期9卷 E408-E408页

作者： Steinmetz, Jaimie D. Vision and Eye Research Institute Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge United Kingdom Biomedical Informatics Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Institute of Health Services Research Yonsei University Seoul South Korea Department of Ophthalmology University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Mathematics Imperial College London London United Kingdom WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia School of Optometry and Vision Science UNSW Sydney NSW Australia Brien Holden Vision Institute Sydney Australia Department of Ophthalmology University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia Department of Parasitology and Mycology Jahrom University of Medical Sciences Jahrom Iran Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Ophthalmic Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Ophthalmology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Health Services Management Department Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran Department of Systems Populations and Leadership University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Medicine Sofia Ismail Memorial Medical Centre Bogura Bangladesh The Fred Hollows Foundation Sydney NSW Australia Berhan Public Health & Eye Care Consultancy Addis A

Hospital El Salvador: a novel paradigm of intensive care in response to COVID-19 in central America. Lancet Glob Health 2021;9: e241?42?In this Comment, the conflict of interest statement should have included the following: ?By virtue of their roles within a public hospital or the Ministry of Health, MB, LC, WH, and XS are government employees. The findings and conclusions in the Comment are only those of the authors.? This correction has been made as of Feb 26, 2021.

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Radiative Cooling of the Thermally Isolated System in KAGRA Gravitational Wave Telescope

Radiative Cooling of the Thermally Isolated System in KAGRA ...

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10th Asian Conference on applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics, ACASC 2020, 2nd International Cryogenic Materials Conference in Asia, Asian-ICMC 2020 and CSSJ Joint Conference

作者： Akutsu, T. Ando, M. Arai, K. Arai, Y. Araki, S. Araya, A. Aritomi, N. Aso, Y. Bae, S.-W. Bae, Y.-B. Baiotti, L. Bajpai, R. Barton, M.A. Cannon, K. Capocasa, E. Chan, M.-L. Chen, C.-S. Chen, K.-H. Chen, Y.-R. Chu, H.-Y. Chu, Y.-K. Eguchi, S. Enomoto, Y. Flaminio, R. Fujii, Y. Fukunaga, M. Fukushima, M. Ge, G.-G. Hagiwara, A. Haino, S. Hasegawa, K. Hayakawa, H. Hayama, K. Himemoto, Y. Hiranuma, Y. Hirata, N. Hirose, E. Hong, Z. Hsieh, B.-H. Huang, G.-Z. Huang, P.-W. Huang, Y.-J. Ikenoue, B. Imam, S. Inayoshi, K. Inoue, Y. Ioka, K. Itoh, Y. Izumi, K. Jung, K. Jung, P. Kajita, T. Kamiizumi, M. Kanda, N. Kang, G.-W. Kawaguchi, K. Kawai, N. Kawasaki, T. Kim, C. Kim, J. Kim, W. Kim, Y.-M. Kimura, N. Kita, N. Kitazawa, H. Kojima, Y. Kokeyama, K. Komori, K. Kong, A.K.H. Kotake, K. Kozakai, C. Kozu, R. Kumar, R. Kume, J. Kuo, C.-M. Kuo, H.-S. Kuroyanagi, S. Kusayanagi, K. Kwak, K. Lee, H.-K. Lee, H.-W. Lee, R.-K. Leonardi, M. Lin, C.-Y. Lin, F.-L. Lin, L.C.-C. Liu, G.-C. Luo, L.-W. Marchio, M. Michimura, Y. Mio, N. Miyakawa, O. Miyamoto, A. Miyazaki, Y. Miyo, K. Miyoki, S. Morisaki, S. Moriwaki, Y. Nagano, K. Nagano, S. Nakamura, K. Nakano, H. Nakano, M. Nakashima, R. Narikawa, T. Negishi, R. Ni, W.-T. Nishizawa, A. Obuchi, Y. Ogaki, W. Oh, J.J. Oh, S.-H. Ohashi, M. Ohishi, N. Ohkawa, M. Okutomi, K. Oohara, K. Ooi, C.-P. Oshino, S. Pan, K.-C. Pang, H.-F. Park, J. Peiia Arellano, F.E. Pinto, I. Sago, N. Saito, S. Saito, Y. Sakai, K. Sakai, Y. Sakuno, Y. Sato, S. Sato, T. Sawada, T. Sekiguchi, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Shibagaki, S. Shimizu, R. Shimoda, T. Shimode, K. Shinkai, H. Shishido, T. Shoda, A. Somiya, K. Son, E.J. Sotani, H. Sugimoto, R. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, T. Tagoshi, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, R. Takamori, A. Takano, S. Takeda, H. Takeda, M. Tanaka, H. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, T. Tanaka, T. Tanioka, S. Tapia San Martin, E.N. Telada, S. Tomaru, T. Tomigami, Y. 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka-City Tokyo181-8588 Japan University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan Department of Physics University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa-City Chiba277-8582 Japan 1-1 Oho Tsukuba-City Ibaraki305-0801 Japan Earthquake Research Institute University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0032 Japan 238 Higashi-Mozumi Kamioka-cho Hida-City Gifu Pref. Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka-City Tokyo181-8588 Japan 245 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon34141 Korea Republic of National Institute for Mathematical Sciences Yuseong-daero 1689 beon-gil 70 Daejeon Yuseong-gu34047 Korea Republic of Graduate School of Science Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho Toyonaka-City Osaka560-0043 Japan 1-1 Oho Tsukuba-City Ibaraki305-0801 Japan Institute for Gravitational Research University of Glasgow Kelvin BuildingG12 8QQ United Kingdom Department of Applied Physics Fukuoka University Jonan Nanakuma Fukuoka814-0180 Japan Department of Physics Tamkang University No.151 Yingzhuan Rd. Danshui Dist. New Taipei-City25137 Taiwan Department of Physics Center for High Energy and High Field Physics National Central University No. 300 Zhongda Road Zhongyi District Taiyuan-City320 Taiwan Institute of Astronomy National Tsing Hua University No. 101 Kuang-Fu Road Section 2 Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Physics National Tsing Hua University No. 101 Kuang-Fu Road Section 2 Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Physics National Taiwan Normal University Sceince Campus National Taiwan Normal University Taipei116 Taiwan Univ. Grenoble Alpes Universite Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS IN2P3 AnnecyF-74941 France Department of Astronomy University of Tokyo 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka-City Tokyo181-8588 Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka-City Tokyo181-8588 Japan State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of

Radiative cooling of the thermally isolated system is investigated in KAGRA gravitational wave telescope. KAGRA is a laser interferometer-based detector and main mirrors constituting optical cavities are cool down to 20K to reduce noises caused by the thermal fluctuation. The mirror is suspended with the multi-stage pendulum to isolate any vibration. Therefore, this mirror suspension system has few heat links to reduce vibration injection. Thus, this system is mainly cooled down with thermal radiation. In order to understand the process of radiative cooling of the mirror, we analyzed cooling curve based on mass and specific heat. As a result, it was newly found that a cryogenic part called "cryogenic duct-shield"seems to have large contribution in the beginning of the mirror cooling. This finding will help to design new cooling system for the next generation cryogenic gravitational wave detector. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Gravity waves

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Overview of KAGRA : Data transfer and management

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Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 2023年第10期2023卷

作者： Akutsu, T Ando, M Arai, K Arai, Y Araki, S Araya, A Aritomi, N Asada, H Aso, Y Bae, S Bae, Y Baiotti, L Bajpai, R Barton, M A Cannon, K Cao, Z Capocasa, E Chan, M Chen, C Chen, K Chen, Y Chiang, C-Y Chu, H Chu, Y-K Eguchi, S Enomoto, Y Flaminio, R Fujii, Y Fujikawa, Y Fukunaga, M Fukushima, M Gao, D Ge, G Ha, S Hagiwara, A Haino, S Han, W-B Hasegawa, K Hattori, K Hayakawa, H Hayama, K Himemoto, Y Hiranuma, Y Hirata, N Hirose, E Hong, Z Hsieh, B Huang, G-Z Huang, H-Y Huang, P Huang, Y-C Huang, Y Hui, D C Y Ide, S Ikenoue, B Imam, S Inayoshi, K Inoue, Y Ioka, K Ito, K Itoh, Y Izumi, K Jeon, C Jin, H-B Jung, K Jung, P Kaihotsu, K Kajita, T Kakizaki, M Kamiizumi, M Kanda, N Kang, G Kawaguchi, K Kawai, N Kawasaki, T Kim, C Kim, J Kim, J C Kim, W S Kim, Y-M Kimura, N Kita, N Kitazawa, H Kobayashi, Y Kojima, Y Kokeyama, K Komori, K Kong, A K H Kotake, K Kozakai, C Kozu, R Kumar, R Kume, J Kuo, C Kuo, H-S Kuromiya, Y Kuroyanagi, S Kusayanagi, K Kwak, K Lee, H K Lee, H W Lee, R Leonardi, M Li, K L Lin, L C-C Lin, C-Y Lin, F-K Lin, F-L Lin, H L Liu, G C Luo, L-W Majorana, E Marchio, M Michimura, Y Mio, N Miyakawa, O Miyamoto, A Miyazaki, Y Miyo, K Miyoki, S Mori, Y Morisaki, S Moriwaki, Y Nagano, K Nagano, S Nakamura, K Nakano, H Nakano, M Nakashima, R Nakayama, Y Narikawa, T Naticchioni, L Negishi, R Quynh, L Nguyen Ni, W-T Nishizawa, A Nozaki, S Obuchi, Y Ogaki, W Oh, J J Oh, K Oh, S H Ohashi, M Ohashi, T Ohishi, N Ohkawa, M Ohta, H Okutani, Y Okutomi, K Oohara, K Ooi, C Oshino, S Otabe, S Pan, K Pang, H Parisi, A Park, J Arellano, F E Peña Pinto, I Sago, N Saito, S Saito, Y Sakai, K Sakai, Y Sakuno, Y Sasaki, Y Sato, S Sato, T Sawada, T Sekiguchi, T Sekiguchi, Y Shao, L Shibagaki, S Shimizu, R Shimoda, T Shimode, K Shinkai, H Shishido, T Shoda, A Somiya, K Son, E J Sotani, H Sugimoto, R Suresh, J Suzuki, T Tagoshi, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, R Takamori, A Takano, S Takeda, H Takeda, M Tanaka, H Tanaka, K Tanaka, T Tanioka, S Martin, E N Tapia San Telada, S Tomaru, T Tomigami, Y Tomura, T Travasso, F Trozzo, L Tsang, T Ts Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Department of Physics The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU) The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR) KAGRA Observatory The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa City Chiba 277-8582 Japan Accelerator Laboratory High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Earthquake Research Institute The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0032 Japan Department of Mathematics and Physics Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo-cho Hirosaki City Aomori 036-8561 Japan Kamioka Branch National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) 238 Higashi-Mozumi Kamioka-cho Hida City Gifu 506-1205 Japan The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) 245 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Korea National Institute for Mathematical Sciences 70 Yuseong-daero 1689 Beon-gil Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34047 Korea International College Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho Toyonaka City Osaka 560-0043 Japan School of High Energy Accelerator Science The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University No. 19 Xinjiekou Street Beijing 100875 China Department of Applied Physics Fukuoka University 8-19-1 Nanakuma Jonan Fukuoka City Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan Department of Physics Tamkang University No. 151 Yingzhuan Rd. Danshui Dist. New Taipei City 25137 Taiwan Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy Nation

KAGRA is a newly built gravitational wave observatory, a laser interferometer with a 3 km arm length, located in Kamioka, Gifu prefecture, Japan. In this article, we describe the KAGRA data management system, i.e., recording of data, transfer from the KAGRA experiment site to computing resources, as well as data distribution to tier sites, including international sites in Taiwan and Korea. The amount of KAGRA data exceeded 1.0 PiB and increased by about 1.5 TB per day during operation in 2020. Our system has succeeded in data management, and has achieved performance that can withstand observations after 2023, that is, a transfer rate of 20 MB s-1or more and file storage of sufficient capacity for petabyte class. We also discuss the sharing of data between the global gravitational-wave detector network with other experiments, namely LIGO and Virgo. The latency, which consists of calculation of calibrated strain data and transfer time within the global network, is very important from the view of multi-messenger astronomy using gravitational waves. Real-time calbrated data delivered from the KAGRA detector site and other detectors to our computing system arrive with about 4–15 seconds of latency. These latencies are sufficiently short compared to the time taken for gravitational wave event search computations. We also established a high-latency exchange of offline calibrated data that was aggregated with a better accuracy compared with real-time data.

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Surveillance of avian influenza through bird guano in remote regions of the global south to uncover transmission dynamics

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Nature communications 2025年第1期16卷 4900页

作者： Dhammika Leshan Wannigama Mohan Amarasiri Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen Cameron Hurst Charin Modchang John Jefferson V Besa Kazuhiko Miyanaga Longzhu Cui Stefan Fernandez Angkana T Huang Puey Ounjai W K C P Werawatte Ali Hosseini Rad S M Porames Vatanaprasan Dylan John Jay Thammakorn Saethang Sirirat Luk-In Phitsanuruk Kanthawee Wanwara Thuptimdang Ratana Tacharoenmuang Bernadina Cynthia S P H Spencer Vitharana Natharin Ngamwongsatit Hitoshi Ishikawa Takashi Furukawa Yangzhong Wang Andrew C Singer Naveen Kumar Devanga Ragupathi Tanittha Chatsuwan Kazunari Sei Asuka Nanbo Asada Leelahavanichkul Talerngsak Kanjanabuch Hiroshi Hamamoto Paul G Higgins Daisuke Sano Anthony Kicic José O Valdebenito Jonas Bonnedahl Sam Trowsdale Parichart Hongsing Aisha Khatib Kenji Shibuya Shuichi Abe Department of Infectious Diseases Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan. leshanwannigama@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp. Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital Yamagata Japan. leshanwannigama@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp. Pathogen Hunter's Research Collaborative Team Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital Yamagata Japan. leshanwannigama@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp. Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences Kamiyanagi Yamagata Japan. leshanwannigama@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp. The Lygodium Ceylon Health and Environmental Policy Research Center Colombo Sri Lanka. leshanwannigama@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp. Biofilms and Antimicrobial Resistance Consortium of ODA receiving countries The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK. leshanwannigama@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp. Pathogen Hunter's Research Collaborative Team Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital Yamagata Japan. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Miyagi Japan. Faculty of Health Science Technology Chulabhorn Royal Academy Bangkok Thailand. HRH Princess Chulabhorn Disaster and Emergency Medicine Center Chulabhorn Royal Academy Bangkok Thailand. Department of Clinical Epidemiology Faculty of Medicine Thammasat University Rangsit Thailand. Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology Thammasat University Rangsit Thailand. Mater Research Institute University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia. Biophysics Group Department of Physics Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand. Centre of Excellence in Mathematics MHESI Bangkok Thailand. Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics Ministry of Higher Education Science Research and Innovation Bangkok Thailand. Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital Yamagata Japan. Co

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose a growing global health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where limited surveillance capacity and under-resourced healthcare systems hinder timely detection and response. Migratory birds play a significant role in the transboundary spread of AIVs, yet data from key regions along migratory flyways remain sparse. To address these surveillance gaps, we conducted a study between December 2021 and February 2023 using fresh bird guano collected across 10 countries in the Global South. Here, we show that remote, uninhabited regions in previously unsampled areas harbor a high diversity of AIV strains, with H5N1 emerging as the most prevalent. Some of these H5N1 samples also carry mutations that may make them less responsive to the antiviral drug oseltamivir. Our findings documented the presence of AIVs in several underrepresented regions and highlighted critical transmission hotspots where viral evolution may be accelerating. These results underscore the urgent need for geographically targeted surveillance to detect emerging variants, inform public health interventions, and reduce the risk of zoonotic spillover.

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Retracted: LUC Algorithm in Visual Cryptography

Retracted: LUC Algorithm in Visual Cryptography

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2018 Workshop on Multidisciplinary and Its Applications: applied Mathematics, computer science, Information Systems, and Information technology, WMA-Mathcomtech 2018

作者： Achmad Daengs, G.S. Ratnadewi Alpha, Christian Dio Napitupulu, Darmawan Nurdiyanto, Heri Kurniasih, Nuning Hasibuan, Abdurrozaq Daengs, Achmad Manurung, Rosida Tiurma Mulyaningsih, Indrya Rahim, Robbi Sugianto, Castaka Agus Abdullah, Dahlan Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Kristen Maranatha Bandung Indonesia Research Center for Quality System and Testing Technology Indonesian Institute of Sciences Banten Indonesia STMIK Dharma Wacana Indonesia Faculty of Communication Sciences Library and Information Science Program Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung Indonesia Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara Indonesia University of 45 Surabaya Indonesia Graduate Program in Scientific Psychology Universitas Kristen Maranatha Bandung Indonesia Department of Education Institut Agama Islam Negeri Syekh Nurjati Cirebon Indonesia School of Computer and Communication Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis Kubang Gajah Malaysia Politeknik TEDC Bandung Indonesia Department of Informatics Universitas Malikussaleh Aceh Utara Indonesia

Nowadays, messaging technology in digital data form more often used and not less messages that confidentially wanted. Then it should be modified so that can be understood only by the sender and the intended recipients. All of this system can be realization by using cryptography. LUC algorithms are introduced by Smith and Lennon in 1993. LUC algorithm is an algorithm that based on the use of Lucas sequence (specific arithmetic operations derived from Lucas row) that rarely used to enhance the security of the messages. In this research, LUC algorithm is combined with visual cryptography to process the encryption and the description of a colored image. Four different images were used in the trial here. The performance of the system is assessed using Structural similarity (SSIM) which has an assessment similar to human eye. If the image quality is the same as the original image, then the SSIM value is one. Whereas if the quality of decryption image is very different from the original image then the value of SSIM is zero. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Information systems

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The status of KAGRA underground cryogenic gravitational wave telescope 15

The status of KAGRA underground cryogenic gravitational wave...

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15th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics, TAUP 2017

作者： Akutsu, T. Ando, M. Araya, A. Aritomi, N. Asada, H. Aso, Y. Atsuta, S. Awai, K. Barton, M.A. Cannon, K. Craig, K. Creus, W. Doi, K. Eda, K. Enomoto, Y. Flaminio, R. Fujii, Y. Fujimoto, M.-K. Furuhata, T. Haino, S. Hasegawa, K. Hashino, K. Hayama, K. Hirobayashi, S. Hirose, E. Hsieh, A.H. Inoue, Y. Ioka, K. Itoh, Y. Kaji, T. Kajita, T. Kakizaki, M. Kamiizumi, M. Kambara, S. Kanda, N. Kanemura, S. Kaneyama, M. Kang, G. Kasuya, J. Kataoka, Y. Kawai, N. Kawamura, S. Kim, C. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim, Y. Kimura, N. Kinugawa, T. Kirii, S. Kitaoka, Y. Kojima, Y. Kokeyama, K. Komori, K. Kotake, K. Kumar, R. Lee, H. Lee, H. Liu, Y. Luca, N. Majorana, E. Mano, S. Marchio, M. Matsui, T. Matsushima, F. Michimura, Y. Miyakawa, O. Miyamoto, T. Miyamoto, A. Miyo, K. Miyoki, S. Morii, W. Morisaki, S. Moriwaki, Y. Morozumi, T. Musha, M. Nagano, S. Nagano, K. Nakamura, K. Nakamura, T. Nakano, H. Nakano, M. Nakao, K. Narikawa, T. Quynh, L.Nguyen Ni, W.-T. Ochi, T. Oh, J. Oh, S. Ohashi, M. Ohishi, N. Ohkawa, M. Okutomi, K. Oohara, K. Alleano, F.E.P. Pinto, I. Sago, N. Saijo, M. Saito, Y. Sakai, K. Sakai, Y. Sasaki, Y. Sasaki, M. Sato, S. Sato, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Seto, N. Shibata, M. Shimoda, T. Shinkai, H. Shoda, A. Somiya, K. Son, E. Suemasa, A. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, T. Tagoshi, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, R. Takamori, A. Takeda, H. Tanaka, H. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, T. Tatsumi, D. Tomaru, T. Tomura, T. Travasso, F. Tsubono, K. Tsuchida, S. Uchikata, N. Uchiyama, T. Uehara, T. Ueki, S. Ueno, K. Ushiba, T. Van Putten, M.H.P.M. Vocca, H. Wada, S. Wakamatsu, T. Yamada, T. Yamamoto, S. Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, K. Yamamoto, A. Yokoyama, J. Yokozawa, T. Yoon, T.H. Yuzurihara, H. Zeidler, S. Zhu, Z.-H. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Department of Physics University of Tokyo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan Earthquake Research Institute University of Tokyo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0032 Japan Department of Advanced Physics Hirosaki University Aomori Hirosaki036-8561 Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Hida Gifu506-1205 Japan Department of Physics Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro Tokyo152-8551 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Hida Gifu506-1205 Japan Research Center for the Early Universe University of Tokyo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Nankang Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Physics University of Toyama Toyama Toyama930-8555 Japan Faculty of Engineering University of Toyama Toyama Toyama930-8555 Japan Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto University Sakyo Kyoto606-8502 Japan Department of Physics Osaka City University Sumiyosi Osaka558-8585 Japan Department of Physics Osaka University Osaka Toyonaka560-0043 Japan Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Yuseong Daejeon 34141 Korea Republic of Yuseong Daejeon34055 Korea Republic of National Institute for Mathematical Sciences Daejeon34047 Korea Republic of Department of Computer Simulation Inje University Gimhae Gyeongsangnam50834 Korea Republic of Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University Seoul151-742 Korea Republic of High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0801 Japan Department of Physical Science Hiroshima University Higashihiroshima Hiroshima903-0213 Japan Department of Applied Physics Fukuoka University Jonan Fukuoka814-0180 Japan Department of Advanced Materials Science University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sapienza University Roma00185 Italy Department o

KAGRA is a 3-km interferometric gravitational wave telescope located in the Kamioka mine in Japan. It is the first km-class gravitational wave telescope constructed underground to reduce seismic noise, and the first km-class telescope to use cryogenic cooling of test masses to reduce thermal noise. The construction of the infrastructure to house the interferometer in the tunnel, and the initial phase operation of the interferometer with a simple 3-km Michelson configuration have been completed. The first cryogenic operation is expected in 2018, and the observing runs with a full interferometer are expected in 2020s. The basic interferometer configuration and the current status of KAGRA are described. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Interferometers

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Characterization of Markarian 421 during its most violent year: Multiwavelength variability and correlations

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Abe, K. Abe, S. Abhir, J. Abhishek, A. Acciari, V.A. Aguasca-Cabot, A. Agudo, I. Aniello, T. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Engels, A. Arbet Arcaro, C. Asano, K. Baack, D. Babić, A. de Almeida, U. Barres Barrio, J.A. Batković, I. Bautista, A. Baxter, J. González, J. Becerra Bednarek, W. Bernardini, E. Bernete, J. Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Bronzini, E. Burelli, I. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Carosi, R. Carretero-Castrillo, M. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Cerasole, D. Ceribella, G. Chai, Y. Cifuentes, A. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. D’Amico, G. D’Ammando, F. D’Elia, V. Da Vela, P. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. De Lotto, B. de Menezes, R. Delfino, M. Delgado, J. Mendez, C. Delgado Di Pierro, F. Di Tria, R. Di Venere, L. Prester, D. Dominis Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Eisenberger, L. Elsaesser, D. Escudero, J. Fariña, L. Fattorini, A. Foffano, L. Font, L. Fröse, S. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. López, R.J. García Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Paiva, J.G. Giesbrecht Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinović, N. Gradetzke, T. Grau, R. Green, D. Green, J.G. Günther, P. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Heckmann, L. Llorente, J. Herrera Hrupec, D. Imazawa, R. Ishio, K. Martínez, I. Jiménez Jormanainen, J. Kankkunen, S. Kayanoki, T. Kerszberg, D. Kluge, G.W. Kouch, P.M. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Láinez, M. Lamastra, A. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Coto, R. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Lorini, A. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Maneva, G. Manganaro, M. Mangano, S. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Martínez-Chicharro, M. Mas-Aguilar, A. Mazin, D. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Miceli, D. Miener, T. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, R. González, M. Molero Molina, E. Mondal, H.A. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, D. Nakamori, T. Nanci, C. Neustroev, V. Nickel, L. Nigro, C. Nikolić, L. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Ekoume, T. Njoh Noda, K. Nozaki, S. Okumura, A. Otero-Santos, J. Paiano, S. Japanese MAGIC Group Department of Physics Tokai University Kanagawa Hiratsuka259-1292 Japan The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Università di Siena INFN Pisa SienaI-53100 Italy Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain Universitat de Barcelona ICCUB IEEC-UB BarcelonaE-08028 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain RomeI-00136 Italy Università di Udine INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Physik GarchingD-85748 Germany Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany Zagreb10000 Croatia URCA RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Com-plutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna La Laguna TenerifeE-38200 Spain University of Lodz Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Department of Astrophysics Lodz90-236 Poland Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Università di Pisa INFN Pisa PisaI-56126 Italy INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Bari Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70125 Italy Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Norway INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Torino Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy Croatian MAGIC Group University of Rijeka Faculty of Physics Rijeka51000 Croatia Universität Würzburg WürzburgD-97074 Germany Japanese MAGIC Group: Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Armenian MAGIC Group: ICRANet-Armenia Yerevan0019 Armenia Split21000 Croatia Croatian MAGIC Group J

Aims. Mrk 421 was in its most active state around early 2010, which led to the highest TeV gamma-ray flux ever recorded from any active galactic nuclei (AGN). We aim to characterize the multiwavelength behavior during this exceptional year for Mrk 421, and evaluate whether it is consistent with the picture derived with data from other less exceptional years. Methods. We investigated the period from November 5, 2009, (MJD 55140) until July 3, 2010, (MJD 55380) with extensive coverage from very-high-energy (VHE;E > 100 GeV) gamma rays to radio with MAGIC, VERITAS, Fermi-LAT, RXTE, Swift, GASP-WEBT, VLBA, and a variety of additional optical and radio telescopes. We characterized the variability by deriving fractional variabilities as well as power spectral densities (PSDs). In addition, we investigated images of the jet taken with VLBA and the correlation behavior among different energy bands. Results. Mrk 421 was in widely different states of activity throughout the campaign, ranging from a low-emission state to its highest VHE flux ever recorded. We find the strongest variability in X-rays and VHE gamma rays, and PSDs compatible with power-law functions with indices around 1.5. We observe strong correlations between X-rays and VHE gamma rays at zero time lag with varying characteristics depending on the exact energy band. We also report a marginally significant (∼ 3σ) positive correlation between high-energy (HE;E > 100 MeV) gamma rays and the ultraviolet band. We detected marginally significant (∼ 3σ) correlations between the HE and VHE gamma rays, and between HE gamma rays and the X-ray, that disappear when the large flare in February 2010 is excluded from the correlation study, hence indicating the exceptionality of this flaring event in comparison with the rest of the campaign. The 2010 violent activity of Mrk421 also yielded the first ejection of features in the VLBA images of the jet of Mrk 421. Yet the large uncertainties in the ejection times of these unprece

关键词： Active Galactic Nuclei

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Galactic transient sources with the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory

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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2025年第1期540卷 205–238页

作者： Abe, K Abe, S Abhir, J Abhishek, A Acero, F Acharyya, A Adam, R Aguasca-Cabot, A Agudo, I Aguirre-Santaella, A Alfaro, J Alfaro, R Alvarez-Crespo, N Alves Batista, R Amans, J-P Amato, E Ambrosi, G Ambrosino, F Angüner, E O Antonelli, L A Aramo, C Arcaro, C Arnesen, T T H Asano, K Ascasibar, Y Aschersleben, J Ashkar, H Augusto Stuani, L Baack, D Backes, M Balazs, C Balbo, M Baquero Larriva, A Barbosa Martins, V Barres de Almeida, U Barrio, J A Barrios-Jiménez, L Batković, I Batzofin, R Baxter, J Becerra González, J Becker Tjus, J Belmont, R Benbow, W Bernete, J Bernlöhr, K Berti, A Bertucci, B Beshley, V Bhattacharjee, P Bhattacharyya, S Bigongiari, C Bissaldi, E Blanch, O Blazek, J Bocchino, F Boisson, C Bolmont, J Bonnoli, G Bonollo, A Bordas, P Bosnjak, Z Bottacini, E Böttcher, M Bradascio, F Bronzini, E Brown, A M Brunelli, G Bulgarelli, A Burelli, I Burger-Scheidlin, C Burmistrov, L Burton, M Buscemi, M Cailleux, J Campoy-Ordaz, A Cantlay, B K Capasso, G Caproni, A Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R Caraveo, P Caroff, S Carosi, A Carosi, R Carquin, E Carrasco, M-S Cascone, E Cassol, F Castaldini, L Castrejon, N Castro-Tirado, A J Cerasole, D Ceribella, G Cerruti, M Chadwick, P M Chaty, S Chen, A W Chernyakova, M Chiavassa, A Chudoba, J Chytka, L Cicciari, G M Cifuentes, A Coimbra Araujo, C H Colapietro, M Conforti, V Contreras, J L Cortina, J Costa, A Costantini, H Cotter, G Cristofari, P Cuevas, O Curtis-Ginsberg, Z D’Aì, A D’Amico, G D’Ammando, F Dai, S Dazzi, F de Bony de Lavergne, M De Caprio, V De Cesare, G De Frondat Laadim, F de Gouveia Dal Pino, E M De Lotto, B De Lucia, M de Martino, D de Menezes, R de Naurois, M de Ona Wilhelmi, E de Souza, V del Peral, L del Valle, M V Delgado, C Dell’aiera, M Della Valle, M della Volpe, D Depaoli, D Devin, J Di Girolamo, T Di Piano, A Di Pierro, F Di Tria, R Di Venere, L Diebold, S Dignam, C Dima, R Dinesh, A Djuvsland, J Dominik, R M Dominis Prester, D Donini, A Dorner, D Dörner, J Doro, M Dubos, C Ducci, L Dwarkadas, V V Ebr, J Eckner, C Egberts, K Einecke, S Elsässer, D Emery Department of Physics Tokai University 4-1-1 Kita-Kaname Hiratsuka Kanagawa 259-1292 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha Kashiwa Chiba 277-8582 Japan ETH Zürich Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics Otto-Stern-Weg 5 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche della Terra e dell’Ambiente (DSFTA) Sezione di Fisica Via Roma 56 I-53100 Siena Italy Université Paris-Saclay Université Paris Cité CEA CNRS AIM F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France FSLAC IRL 2009 CNRS/IAC E-38205 La Laguna Tenerife Spain University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Department of Physics and Astronomy Gallalee Hall Box 870324 Tuscaloosa AL 35487-0324 USA Université Côte d’Azur Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur CNRS Laboratoire Lagrange UF 06304 Nice France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet CNRS/IN2P3 École Polytechnique Institut Polytechnique de Paris F-91120 Palaiseau France Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Martí i Franquès 1 E-08028 Barcelona Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n E-18008 Granada Spain Institute for Computational Cosmology and Department of Physics Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 340 8331150 Santiago Chile Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Delegación Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico IPARCOS-UCM Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos and EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid E-28040 Madrid Spain Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC and Departamento de Física Teórica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid c/ Nicolás Cabrera 13-15 Campus de Cantoblanco UAM E-28049 Madrid Spain LUTH GEPI and LERMA Observatoire de Paris Université PSL Université Paris Cité CNRS 5 place Jules Janssen F-92190 Meudon France INAF – Osservatorio

A wide variety of Galactic sources show transient emission at soft and hard X-ray energies: low- and high-mass X-ray binaries containing compact objects, isolated neutron stars exhibiting extreme variability as magnetars as well as pulsar-wind nebulae. Although most of them can show emission up to MeV and/or GeV energies, many have not yet been detected in the TeV domain by Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of detecting new Galactic transients with the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) and the prospects for studying them with Target of Opportunity observations. We show that CTAO will likely detect new sources in the TeV regime, such as the massive microquasars in the Cygnus region, low-mass X-ray binaries with low-viewing angle, flaring emission from the Crab pulsar-wind nebula or other novae explosions, among others. Since some of these sources could also exhibit emission at larger time-scales, we additionally test their detectability at longer exposures. We finally discuss the multiwavelength synergies with other instruments and large astronomical facilities.

关键词： binaries: general stars: magnetars novae cataclysmic variables pulsars: general gamma-rays: general

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Author Correction: The power of genetic diversity in genome-wide association studies of lipids

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Nature 2023年第7965期618卷 E19-E20页

作者： Sarah E Graham Shoa L Clarke Kuan-Han H Wu Stavroula Kanoni Greg J M Zajac Shweta Ramdas Ida Surakka Ioanna Ntalla Sailaja Vedantam Thomas W Winkler Adam E Locke Eirini Marouli Mi Yeong Hwang Sohee Han Akira Narita Ananyo Choudhury Amy R Bentley Kenneth Ekoru Anurag Verma Bhavi Trivedi Hilary C Martin Karen A Hunt Qin Hui Derek Klarin Xiang Zhu Gudmar Thorleifsson Anna Helgadottir Daniel F Gudbjartsson Hilma Holm Isleifur Olafsson Masato Akiyama Saori Sakaue Chikashi Terao Masahiro Kanai Wei Zhou Ben M Brumpton Humaira Rasheed Sanni E Ruotsalainen Aki S Havulinna Yogasudha Veturi QiPing Feng Elisabeth A Rosenthal Todd Lingren Jennifer Allen Pacheco Sarah A Pendergrass Jeffrey Haessler Franco Giulianini Yuki Bradford Jason E Miller Archie Campbell Kuang Lin Iona Y Millwood George Hindy Asif Rasheed Jessica D Faul Wei Zhao David R Weir Constance Turman Hongyan Huang Mariaelisa Graff Anubha Mahajan Michael R Brown Weihua Zhang Ketian Yu Ellen M Schmidt Anita Pandit Stefan Gustafsson Xianyong Yin Jian'an Luan Jing-Hua Zhao Fumihiko Matsuda Hye-Mi Jang Kyungheon Yoon Carolina Medina-Gomez Achilleas Pitsillides Jouke Jan Hottenga Gonneke Willemsen Andrew R Wood Yingji Ji Zishan Gao Simon Haworth Ruth E Mitchell Jin Fang Chai Mette Aadahl Jie Yao Ani Manichaikul Helen R Warren Julia Ramirez Jette Bork-Jensen Line L Kårhus Anuj Goel Maria Sabater-Lleal Raymond Noordam Carlo Sidore Edoardo Fiorillo Aaron F McDaid Pedro Marques-Vidal Matthias Wielscher Stella Trompet Naveed Sattar Line T Møllehave Betina H Thuesen Matthias Munz Lingyao Zeng Jianfeng Huang Bin Yang Alaitz Poveda Azra Kurbasic Claudia Lamina Lukas Forer Markus Scholz Tessel E Galesloot Jonathan P Bradfield E Warwick Daw Joseph M Zmuda Jonathan S Mitchell Christian Fuchsberger Henry Christensen Jennifer A Brody Mary F Feitosa Mary K Wojczynski Michael Preuss Massimo Mangino Paraskevi Christofidou Niek Verweij Jan W Benjamins Jorgen Engmann Rachel L Kember Roderick C Slieker Ken Sin Lo Nuno R Zilhao Phuong Le Marcus E Kleber Graciela E Delgado Shaofeng Huo Dai Department of Internal Medicine Division of Cardiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. VA Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto CA USA. Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA. Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. William Harvey Research Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. Department of Genetics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA. Clinical Pharmacology William Harvey Research Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK. Endocrinology Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA. Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute Cambridge MA USA. Department of Genetic Epidemiology University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany. McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine Washington University St Louis MO USA. Department of Precision Medicine Division of Genome Science National Institute of Health Cheongju-si South Korea. Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University Sendai Japan. Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa. Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA. Blizard Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK. Wellcome Sanger Institute Hinxton UK. Department of Epidemiology Emory University Rollins School of Public Health Atlanta GA USA. Atlanta VA Health Care System Decatur GA USA. Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center Gainesville FL USA. Division of Vascular Sur

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BioTIME 2.0: Expanding and Improving a Database of Biodiversity Time Series

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Global Ecology and Biogeography 2025年第5期34卷

作者： Maria Dornelas Laura H. Antão Amanda E. Bates Viviana Brambilla Jonathan M. Chase Cher F. Y. Chow Ada Fontrodona-Eslava Anne E. Magurran Inês S. Martins Faye Moyes Alban Sagouis Samuel Adu-Acheampong Daniel Acquah-Lamptey Dušan Adam Penelope A. Ajani Aitor Albaina Pablo Almaraz Jeongseop An Roger Sigismund Anderson Madelaine Jean Robertson Anderson Alexsander Z. Antunes Ivan Arismendi Linda Armbrecht Pedro Aros-Mardones Sreejith Kalpuzha Ashtamoorthy Narayanan Ayyappan Gal Badihi Joseph J. Bailey Andrew H. Baird Mark Edward Baird Sreekumar Vadakkethil Balakrishnan José António L. Barão-Nóbrega Adi Barash Miguel Barbosa Jos Barlow Claus Bässler Matthieu Beaumont Natalie Beenaerts Tiago Octavio Begot Wallace Beiroz Ricardo Beldade David M. Bell Alecia Bellgrove Jonathan Belmaker Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi Cassandra E. Benkwitt Pamela Medina-van Berkum Brandon T. Bestelmeyer Matthew G. Betts Maxwell Kelvin Billah Anne D. Bjorkman Magdalena Błażewicz Christopher P. Bloch Shane A. Blowes Antonio Bode Juliano A. Bogoni Thomas Bolger Timothy C. Bonebrake Erik Bonsdorff Roberta Bottarin Luke N. Brokensha Rob W. Brooker Andrew J. Brooks Helge Bruelheide Thiago Almeida Bueno Claire Laguionie Mariana Lopes Campagnoli James Cant Erica Pellegrini Caramaschi Alexandre Caron Tadhg Carroll Tancredi Caruso Juan Carvajal-Quintero Giuseppe Castaldelli Edward Castañeda-Moya Pedro V. Castilho Sonia Zanini Cechin Shahar Chaikin Uchangi Manjunatha Chandrashekara Tory J. Chase Chaolun Allen Chen Jorge José Cherem Sei-Woong Choi Erica M. Christensen Alexander V. Christianini Jackson Wing Four Chu Peter Coad Carl Van Colen Lise Comte Elisabeth J. Cooper J. Hans C. Cornelissen Eddy Cosson Unai Cotano Luc Crevecoeur Shannan Kyle Crow Graeme S. Cumming Vanessa S. Daga Gabriella Damasceno Gergana N. Daskalova Claire H. Davies Robert A. Davis Frank P. Day Sussy De-La-Zerda Amy Elizabeth Deacon Indradatta de Castro-Arrazola Steven Degraer Kharran Deonarinesingh Juan C. Diaz-Ricaurte Christopher R. Dickman Tara Dirilgen Ciaran John Dolan J. Emmet Centre for Biological Diversity School of Biology University of St Andrews Fife UK MARE—Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal Research Centre for Ecological Change Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Department of Biology University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany Department of Computer Science Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity Department of Biology University of York York UK Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana Philipps Universität Marburg Marburg Germany Department of Forest Ecology Silva Tarouca Research Institute Brno Czech Republic School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia Zoology and Animal Cell Biology Department University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Leioa Spain Grupo de Oceanografía de Ecosistemas Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía CSIC Campus Universitario de Puerto Real Puerto Real Spain National Institute of Ecology Seocheon Republic of Korea African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana Département de Biologie Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Quebec Canada Núcleo de Conservação da Biodiversidade Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais Secretaria de Meio Ambiente Infraestrutura e Logística do Estado de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies Ecology & Biodiversity Centre University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia Graduate Program in Oceanography Department of Oceanography Faculty of Natural Scienc

Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R package (BioTIMEr) to facilitate use of the database. Main Types of Variables Included The database is composed of one main data table containing the abundance records and 11 metadata tables. The data are organised in a hierarchy of scales where 11,989,233 records are nested in 1,603,067 sample events, from 553,253 sampling locations, which are nested in 708 studies. A study is defined as a sampling methodology applied to an assemblage for a minimum of 2 years. Spatial Location and Grain Sampling locations in BioTIME are distributed across the planet, including marine, terrestrial and freshwater realms. Spatial grain size and extent vary across studies depending on sampling methodology. We recommend gridding of sampling locations into areas of consistent size. Time Period and Grain The earliest time series in BioTIME start in 1874, and the most recent records are from 2023. Temporal grain and duration vary across studies. We recommend doing sample-level rarefaction to ensure consistent sampling effort through time before calculating any diversity metric. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The database includes any eukaryotic taxa, with a combined total of 56,400 taxa. Software Format csv and. SQL.

关键词： assemblage biodiversity community database ecoinformatics species taxa time

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