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Performance of the joint LST-1 and MAGIC observations evaluated with Crab Nebula data

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Abe, H. Abe, K. Abe, S. Acciari, V.A. Aguasca-Cabot, A. Agudo, I. Crespo, N. Alvarez Aniello, T. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Aramo, C. Arbet-Engels, A. Arcaro, C. Artero, M. Asano, K. Aubert, P. Baack, D. Babić, A. Baktash, A. Bamba, A. Larriva, A. Baquero Baroncelli, L. de Almeida, U. Barres Barrio, J.A. Batković, I. Baxter, J. González, J. Becerra Bednarek, W. Bernardini, E. Bernardos, M.I. Medrano, J. Bernete Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bhattacharjee, P. Biederbeck, N. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Bissaldi, E. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bordas, P. Bošnjak, Ž. Bulgarelli, A. Burelli, I. Burmistrov, L. Buscemi, M. Busetto, G. Ordaz, A. Campoy Cardillo, M. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Carosi, R. Carrasco, M.S. Carretero-Castrillo, M. Cassol, F. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Cauz, D. Cerasole, D. Ceribella, G. Chai, Y. Cheng, K. Chiavassa, A. Chikawa, M. Chytka, L. Cifuentes, A. Cikota, S. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cornelia, A. Cortina, J. Costantini, H. Covino, S. D’Amico, G. D’Elia, V. Da Vela, P. Dalchenko, M. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. de Bony de Lavergne, M. De Lotto, B. De Lucia, M. de Menezes, R. Del Peral, L. DelPopolo, A. Deleglise, G. Delfino, M. Mendez, C. Delgado Mengual, J. Delgado Volpe, D. della Dellaiera, M. Depaoli, D. De Angelis, A. Di Piano, A. Di Pierro, F. Di Pilato, A. Di Tria, R. Di Venere, L. Dominik, R.M. Prester, D. Dominis Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Díaz, C. Eisenberger, L. Elsässer, D. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Ramazani, V. Fallah Fariña, L. Fattorini, A. Ferrara, G. Ferrarotto, F. Fiasson, A. Foffano, L. Font, L. Coromina, L. Freixas Fröse, S. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. López, R.J. Garcia Garcia, E. Garczarczyk, M. López, R.J. García Gasbarra, C. Gasparrini, D. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Geyer, D. Paiva, J.G. Giesbrecht Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinović, N. Grau, R. Green, D. Green, J.G. Gunji, S. Günther, P. Hackfeld, J. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Hashiyama, K. Hassan, T. Hayashi, K. Heckmann, L. Heller, M. Llorente, J. Herrera Hirotani, K. Hoffmann, D. Horns, D. Houles, J. Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Department of Physics Tokai University 4-1-1 Kita-Kaname Kanagawa Hiratsuka259-1292 Japan Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife La Laguna Spain Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Martí i Franquès 1 Barcelona08028 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain Grupo de Electronica Universidad Complutense de Madrid Av. Complutense s/n Madrid28040 Spain RomeI-00136 Italy INFN Sezione di Trieste Università degli studi di Udine via delle scienze 206 Udine33100 Italy Rome Italy INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma Via di Frascati 33 Monteporzio Catone00040 Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Via Cintia ed. G Napoli80126 Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Föhringer Ring 6 München80805 Germany Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB Bellaterra08193 Spain Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3 Annecy74000 France Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Str. 4 Dortmund44227 Germany Zagreb10000 Croatia Universität Hamburg Institut für Experimentalphysik Luruper Chaussee 149 Hamburg22761 Germany Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan IPARCOS-UCM Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain Faculty of Science and Technology Universidad del Azuay Cuenca Ecuador INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 Bologna40129 Italy Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas Rua Xavier Sigaud 150 RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil INFN Sezione di Padova

Aims. LST-1, the prototype of the Large-Sized Telescope for the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory, is concluding its commissioning in Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos on the island of La Palma. The proximity of LST-1 (Large-Sized Telescope 1) to the two MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov) telescopes permits observations of the same gamma-ray events with both systems. Methods. We describe the joint LST-1+MAGIC analysis pipeline and use simultaneous Crab Nebula observations and Monte Carlo simulations to assess the performance of the three-telescope system. The addition of the LST-1 telescope allows the recovery of events in which one of the MAGIC images is too dim to survive analysis quality cuts. Results. Thanks to the resulting increase in the collection area and stronger background rejection, we find a significant improvement in sensitivity, allowing the detection of 30% weaker fluxes in the energy range between 200 GeV and 3 TeV. The spectrum of the Crab Nebula, reconstructed in the energy range ∼60 GeV to ∼10 TeV, is in agreement with previous measurements. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Telescopes

First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results IX: Detection of Near-Horizon Circular Polarization

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Akiyama, Kazunori Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Boyce, Hope Bremer, Michael Brinkerink, Christiaan D. Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Byun, Do-Young Carlstrom, John E. Ceccobello, Chiara Chael, Andrew Chan, Chi-Kwan Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Cordes, James M. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Dahale, Rohan Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Dihingia, Indu K. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dougal, Sean Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Ed Ford, H. Alyson Foschi, Marianna Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gold, Roman Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gómez, José L. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Haworth, Kari Hecht, Michael H. Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Impellizzeri, C.M. Violette Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra Johnson, Michael D. Jorstad, Svetlana Joshi, Abhishek V. Jung, Taehyun Karami, Mansour Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Kocherlakota, Prashant Kofuji, Yut Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San AntonioTX78249 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei10617 Taiwan Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr. Moliner 50 Burjassot ValènciaE-46100 Spain Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2 Paterna ValènciaE-46980 Spain Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory OnsalaSE-43992 Sweden Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Yale Center for Astronomy & Astrophysics Yale University 52 Hillhouse Avenue New HavenCT06511 United States Astronomy Department Universidad de Concepción Casilla 160-C Concepción Chile Department of Physics University of Illinois 1110 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory MS209 P.O. Box 500 BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States East Asian Observatory 660 N. A’ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States 660 N. A’ohoku Place HiloHI

Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations have revealed a bright ring of emission around the supermassive black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy. EHT images in linear polarization have further identified a coherent spiral pattern around the black hole, produced from ordered magnetic fields threading the emitting plasma. Here, we present the first analysis of circular polarization using EHT data, acquired in 2017, which can potentially provide additional insights into the magnetic fields and plasma composition near the black hole. Interferometric closure quantities provide convincing evidence for the presence of circularly polarized emission on event-horizon scales. We produce images of the circular polarization using both traditional and newly developed methods. All methods find a moderate level of resolved circular polarization across the image (〈|v|〉 int| ∗ © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Circular polarization

Analysis of the BraTS 2023 Intracranial Meningioma Segmentation Challenge

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arXiv 2024年

作者： LaBella, Dominic Baid, Ujjwal Khanna, Omaditya McBurney-Lin, Shan McLean, Ryan Nedelec, Pierre Rashid, Arif Tahon, Nourel Hoda Altes, Talissa Bhalerao, Radhika Dhemesh, Yaseen Godfrey, Devon Hilal, Fathi Floyd, Scott Janas, Anastasia Kazerooni, Anahita Fathi Kirkpatrick, John Kent, Collin Kofler, Florian Leu, Kevin Maleki, Nazanin Menze, Bjoern Pajot, Maxence Reitman, Zachary J. Rudie, Jeffrey D. Saluja, Rachit Velichko, Yury Wang, Chunhao Warman, Pranav Adewole, Maruf Albrecht, Jake Anazodo, Udunna Anwar, Syed Muhammad Bergquist, Timothy Chen, Sully Francis Chung, Verena Conte, Gian-Marco Dako, Farouk Eddy, James Ezhov, Ivan Khalili, Nastaran Iglesias, Juan Eugenio Jiang, Zhifan Johanson, Elaine Van Leemput, Koen Li, Hongwei Bran Linguraru, Marius George Liu, Xinyang Mahtabfar, Aria Meier, Zeke Moawad, Ahmed W. Mongan, John Piraud, Marie Shinohara, Russell Takeshi Wiggins, Walter F. Abayazeed, Aly H. Akinola, Rachel Jakab, András Bilello, Michel de Verdier, Maria Correia Crivellaro, Priscila Davatzikos, Christos Farahani, Keyvan Freymann, John Hess, Christopher Huang, Raymond Lohmann, Philipp Moassefi, Mana Pease, Matthew W. Vollmuth, Phillipp Sollmann, Nico Diffley, David Nandolia, Khanak K. Warren, Daniel I. Hussain, Ali Fehringer, Pascal Bronstein, Yulia Deptula, Lisa Stein, Evan G. Taherzadeh, Mahsa de Oliveira, Eduardo Portela Haughey, Aoife Kontzialis, Marinos Saba, Luca Turner, Benjamin Brüßeler, Melanie M.T. Ansari, Shehbaz Gkampenis, Athanasios Weiss, David Maximilian Mansour, Aya Shawali, Islam H. Yordanov, Nikolay Stein, Joel M. Hourani, Roula Moshebah, Mohammed Yahya Abouelatta, Ahmed Magdy Rizvi, Tanvir Willms, Klara Martin, Dann C. Okar, Abdullah D'Anna, Gennaro Taha, Ahmed Sharifi, Yasaman Faghani, Shahriar Kite, Dominic Pinho, Marco Haider, Muhammad Ammar Aristizabal, Alejandro Karargyris, Alexandros Kassem, Hasan Pati, Sarthak Sheller, Micah Alonso-Basanta, Michelle Villanueva-Meyer, Javier Rauschecker, Andreas M. Nada, Ayman Aboian, Mariam Flanders, Adam E. Wiestler, Benedikt Bakas, Spyridon Ca Duke University Medical Center Department of Radiation Oncology DurhamNC United States Division of Computational Pathology Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisIN United States Center for Federated Learning in Medicine Indiana University IndianapolisIN United States Department of Neurosurgery Thomas Jefferson University PhiladelphiaPA United States University of California San FranciscoCA United States Yale University New HavenCT United States Department of Radiation Oncology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States University of Missouri ColumbiaMO United States Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisIN United States Children's Hospital of Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Helmholtz AI Helmholtz Munich Germany Department of Informatics Technical University Munich Germany TranslaTUM - Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technical University of Munich Germany Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology School of Medicine Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Germany San FranciscoCA United States Biomedical Image Analysis and Machine Learning Department of Quantitative Biomedicine University of Zurich Switzerland Department of Neuroradiology Technical University of Munich Munich Germany University of San Diego CA United States Cornell University IthacaNY United States Department of Radiology Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States Duke University Medical Center School of Medicine DurhamNC United States Lab Crestview Radiology Lagos Nigeria Sage Bionetworks United States McGill University MontrealQC Canada Children's National Hospital WashingtonDC United States George Washington University WashingtonDC United State

We describe the design and results from the BraTS 2023 Intracranial Meningioma Segmentation Challenge. The BraTS Meningioma Challenge differed from prior BraTS Glioma challenges in that it focused on meningiomas, which are typically benign extra-axial tumors with diverse radiologic and anatomical presentation and a propensity for multiplicity. Nine participating teams each developed deep-learning automated segmentation models using image data from the largest multi-institutional systematically expert annotated multilabel multi-sequence meningioma MRI dataset to date, which included 1000 training set cases, 141 validation set cases, and 283 hidden test set cases. Each case included T2, T2/FLAIR, T1, and T1Gd brain MRI sequences with associated tumor compartment labels delineating enhancing tumor, non-enhancing tumor, and surrounding non-enhancing T2/FLAIR hyperintensity. Participant automated segmentation models were evaluated and ranked based on a scoring system evaluating lesion-wise metrics including dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and 95% Hausdorff Distance. The top ranked team had a lesion-wise median dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.976, 0.976, and 0.964 for enhancing tumor, tumor core, and whole tumor, respectively and a corresponding average DSC of 0.899, 0.904, and 0.871, respectively. These results serve as state-of-the-art benchmarks for future pre-operative meningioma automated segmentation algorithms. Additionally, we found that 1286 of 1424 cases (90.3%) had at least 1 compartment voxel abutting the edge of the skull-stripped image edge, which requires further investigation into optimal pre-processing face anonymization steps. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Tumors

Limited angle acousto-electrical tomography

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Hubmer, Simon Knudsen, Kim Li, Changyou Sherina, Ekaterina Johannes Kepler University Linz Doctoral Program Computational Mathematics Altenbergerstraße 69 LinzA-4040 Austria Technical University of Denmark Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Asmussens Allé Kongens Lyngby2800 Denmark Technical University of Denmark Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Asmussens Allé Kongens Lyngby2800 Denmark School of Electronics and Information Northwestern Polytechnical University Xian China Technical University of Denmark Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Asmussens Allé Kongens Lyngby2800 Denmark

This paper considers the reconstruction problem in Acousto-Electrical Tomography, i.e., the problem of estimating a spatially varying conductivity in a bounded domain from measurements of the internal power densities resulting from different prescribed boundary conditions. Particular emphasis is placed on the limited angle scenario, in which the boundary conditions are supported only on a part of the boundary. The reconstruction problem is formulated as an optimization problem in a Hilbert space setting and solved using Landweber iteration. The resulting algorithm is implemented numerically in two spatial dimensions and tested on simulated data. The results quantify the intuition that features close to the measurement boundary are stably reconstructed and features further away are less well reconstructed. Finally, the ill-posedness of the limited angle problem is quantified numerically using the singular value decomposition of the corresponding linearized problem.65J22, 35R30, 65M32 Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Boundary conditions

Demographics of black holes at g scales: accretion flows, jets, and shadows

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Nair, Dhanya G. Nagar, Neil M. Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh Wielgus, Maciek Arratia, Vicente Krichbaum, Thomas P. Zhang, Xinyue A. Ricarte, Angelo Silpa, S. Hernández-Yévenes, Joaquín Ford, Nicole M. Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Gurwell, Mark Burridge, Roman Pesce, Dominic W. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Daewon Janssen, Michael von Fellenberg, Sebastiano D. Fromm, Christian M. Lee, Deokhyeong Falcke, Heino Wagner, Jan Bower, Geoffrey C. Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Kim, Dong-Jin Akiyama, Kazunori Asada, Keiichi Arevalo, Patricia Bignall, Hayley Blackburn, Lindy Broderick, Avery E. Brunthaler, Andreas Chan, Chi-Kwan Doi, Akihiro Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Edward Gómez, José L. Haggard, Daryl Hada, Kazuhiro Herrera-Camus, Rodrigo Hoak, Daniel Hughes, David Hlavacek-Larrondo, Julie Jorstad, Svetlana Johnson, Michael D. Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kharb, Preeti Koay, Jun Yi Koyama, Shoko Kuo, Cheng-Yu Leigh, Nathan W.C. Lira, Paulina Lindqvist, Michael Lobanov, Andrei P. Lo, Wen-Ping Lu, Ru-Sen Markoff, Sera MacDonald, Nicholas R. Martínez-Aldama, Mary Loli Matthews, Lynn D. Matsushita, Satoki Mezcua, Mar Moscibrodzka, Monika Müller, Hendrik Nagai, Hiroshi Nakamura, Masanori Natarajan, Priyamvada Narayanan, Gopal Nowak, Michael A. Olivares Sánchez, Héctor Raúl Park, Jongho Psaltis, Dimitrios Pu, Hung-Yi Porth, Oliver Rao, Ramprasad Reynolds, Cormac Reeves, Rodrigo Romero-Cañizales, Cristina Ros, Eduardo Rottmann, Helge Roy, Alan L. Schleicher, Dominik Savolainen, Tuomas Impellizzeri, C.M. Violette Treister, Ezequiel Wiik, Kaj Zensus, J. Anton Astronomy Department Universidad de Concepción Casilla 160-C Concepción Chile Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO University of Turku FI-20014 Finland Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomia s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics McGill University 3600 rue University MontréalQCH3A 2T8 Canada Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory OnsalaSE-43992 Sweden Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 645 N. A’ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Hawaii at Manoa 2505 Correa Road HonoluluHI96822 United States Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics 31 Caroline Street North WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Data Science Institute University of Arizona 1230 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona 617 N. Santa Rita TucsonAZ85721 United States Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Institut für Theoretische Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 1 Frankfurt am MainD-60438 Germany Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik Universität

Using the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), the gravitationally lensed rings around the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in Messier 87 (M87), which has billions of solar masses and a strong jet, and Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), which has millions of solar masses and a weak or no jet, have now been successfully imaged at a resolution under 10 gravitational radii (Rg = GM/c2, where M is the SMBH mass). To expand studies beyond M87 and Sgr A*, we have constructed the ‘Event Horizon and Environs (ETHER)’ sample, a comprehensive database currently encompassing approximately 3.15 million SMBH mass estimates, ∼ 20,000 Very-Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) radio flux densities, and ∼ 36,000 hard X-ray flux densities. This database is designed to identify and optimize target selection for the EHT and its upgrades on the ground and in space. Within the ETHER database, we have identified a ‘Gold Sample’ (GS) of nearby low-luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) that are optimal for studying jet bases, and potentially imaging black hole shadows, with the EHT and its upgrades. We observed 27 of these AGNs using the EHT from 2022 to 2024, providing a unique opportunity to resolve and image accretion flows and jets at resolutions of ≤ 100 Rg. Only a few SMBHs have sufficiently high enough flux density to be imaged at scales of ≤ 50 Rgwith the present EHT. Among these are M87, Sgr A*, NGC 4594 (Sombrero/M104), NGC 4261, and NGC 4374 (Messier 84/M84). Of these, NGC 4261, Sombrero, and M84 have been observed and/or are scheduled for deep imaging with EHT+ALMA from 2023 to 2025. Sombrero, NGC 4261, M84, NGC 4278, and NGC 5232 are clearly detected in our EHT+ALMA observations in 2022, indicating that the 230 GHz flux density from the accretion flows is significantly high. Ongoing imaging of the ETHER GS will enable measurements of black hole mass and spin, help constrain General Relativity (GR), and enrich our understanding of jet launching and accretion inflows across a broad multi-param

关键词： Radiation flux density

Search for Gravitational Waves Associated with Fast Radio Bursts Detected by CHIME/FRB during the LIGO-Virgo Observing Run O3a

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Astrophysical Journal 2023年第2期955卷 155-155页

作者： Abbott, R. Abbott, T.D. Acernese, F. Ackley, K. Adams, C. Adhikari, N. Adhikari, R.X. Adya, V.B. Affeldt, C. Agarwal, D. Agathos, M. Agatsuma, K. Aggarwal, N. Aguiar, O.D. Aiello, L. Ain, A. Ajith, P. Akutsu, T. Albanesi, S. Allocca, A. Altin, P.A. Amato, A. Anand, C. Anand, S. Ananyeva, A. Anderson, S.B. Anderson, W.G. Ando, M. Andrade, T. Andres, N. Andrić, T. Angelova, S.V. Ansoldi, S. Antelis, J.M. Antier, S. Appert, S. Arai, Koya Arai, Y. Araki, S. Araya, A. Araya, M.C. Areeda, J.S. Arène, M. Aritomi, N. Arnaud, N. Aronson, S.M. Arun, K.G. Asada, H. Asali, Y. Ashton, G. Aso, Y. Assiduo, M. Aston, S.M. Astone, P. Aubin, F. Austin, C. Babak, S. Badaracco, F. Bader, M.K.M. Badger, C. Bae, S. Bae, Y. Baer, A.M. Bagnasco, S. Bai, Y. Baiotti, L. Baird, J. Bajpai, R. Ball, M. Ballardin, G. Ballmer, S.W. Balsamo, A. Baltus, G. Banagiri, S. Bankar, D. Barayoga, J.C. Barbieri, C. Barish, B.C. Barker, D. Barneo, P. Barone, F. Barr, B. Barsotti, L. Barsuglia, M. Barta, D. Bartlett, J. Barton, M.A. Bartos, I. Bassiri, R. Basti, A. Bawaj, M. Bayley, J.C. Baylor, A.C. Bazzan, M. Bécsy, B. Bedakihale, V.M. Bejger, M. Belahcene, I. Benedetto, V. Beniwal, D. Bennett, T.F. Bentley, J.D. BenYaala, M. Bergamin, F. Berger, B.K. Bernuzzi, S. Berry, C.P.L. Bersanetti, D. Bertolini, A. Betzwieser, J. Beveridge, D. Bhandare, R. Bhardwaj, U. Bhattacharjee, D. Bhaumik, S. Bilenko, I.A. Billingsley, G. Bini, S. Birney, R. Birnholtz, O. Biscans, S. Bischi, M. Biscoveanu, S. Bisht, A. Biswas, B. Bitossi, M. Bizouard, M.-A. Blackburn, J.K. Blair, C.D. Blair, D.G. Blair, R.M. Bobba, F. Bode, N. Boer, M. Bogaert, G. Boldrini, M. Bonavena, L.D. Bondu, F. Bonilla, E. Bonnand, R. Booker, P. Boom, B.A. Bork, R. Boschi, V. Bose, N. Bose, S. Bossilkov, V. Boudart, V. Bouffanais, Y. Boumerdassi, A. Bozzi, A. Bradaschia, C. Brady, P.R. Bramley, A. Branch, A. Branchesi, M. Brau, J.E. Breschi, M. Briant, T. Briggs, J.H. Brillet, A. Brinkmann, M. Brockill, P. Brooks, A.F. Brooks, J. Brown, D.D. Brunett, S. Bruno, G. Bruntz, R. Bryant, J. Buchanan, J. B LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena 91125 CA United States Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 LA United States Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno Fisciano Salerno I-84084 Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Napoli I-80126 Italy OzGrav School of Physics & Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 VIC Australia LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston 70754 LA United States University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee 53201 WI United States OzGrav Australian National University Canberra 0200 ACT Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) Hannover D-30167 Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover Hannover D-30167 Germany Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Jena D-07743 Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston 60208 IL United States Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais São Paulo São José dos Campos 12227-010 Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Pisa Pisa I-56127 Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan INFN Sezione di Torino Torino I-10125 Italy Università di Napoli “Federico II Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Napoli I-80126 Italy Université de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS Institut Lumière Matière Villeurbanne F-69622

We search for gravitational-wave (GW) transients associated with fast radio bursts (FRBs) detected by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst Project, during the first part of the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (2019 April 1 15:00 UTC-2019 October 1 15:00 UTC). Triggers from 22 FRBs were analyzed with a search that targets both binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star-black hole (NSBH) mergers. A targeted search for generic GW transients was conducted on 40 FRBs. We find no significant evidence for a GW association in either search. Given the large uncertainties in the distances of our FRB sample, we are unable to exclude the possibility of a GW association. Assessing the volumetric event rates of both FRB and binary mergers, an association is limited to 15% of the FRB population for BNS mergers or 1% for NSBH mergers. We report 90% confidence lower bounds on the distance to each FRB for a range of GW progenitor models and set upper limits on the energy emitted through GWs for a range of emission scenarios. We find values of order 10⁵¹-10⁵⁷ erg for models with central GW frequencies in the range 70-3560 Hz. At the sensitivity of this search, we find these limits to be above the predicted GW emissions for the models considered. We also find no significant coincident detection of GWs with the repeater, FRB 20200120E, which is the closest known extragalactic FRB. © 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

关键词： Gravitational wave astronomy Radio transient sources

Comparison of Polarized Radiative Transfer Codes used by the EHT Collaboration

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Prather, Ben S. Dexter, Jason Moscibrodzka, Monika Pu, Hung-Yi Bronzwaer, Thomas Davelaar, Jordy Younsi, Ziri Gammie, Charles F. Gold, Roman Wong, And George N. Akiyama, Kazunori Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Boyce, Hope Bremer, Michael Brinkerink, Christiaan D. Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Broguiere, Dominique Bustamante, Sandra Byun, Do-Young Carlstrom, John E. Ceccobello, Chiara Chael, Andrew Chan, Chi-Kwan Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Cordes, James M. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dhruv, Vedant Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dougal, Sean Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Ed Alyson Ford, H. Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gómez, José L. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Haworth, Kari Hecht, Michael H. Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Violette Impellizzeri, C.M. Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra Johnson, Michael D. Jorstad, Svetlana Joshi, Abhishek V. Jung, Taehyun Karami, Mansour Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Kocherlakota, Prashant K CCS-2 Los Alamos National Laboratory P.O. Box 1663 Los AlamosNM87545 United States JILA Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Astrophysics IMAPP Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Department of Physics National Taiwan Normal University No. 88 Sec.4 Tingzhou Rd. Taipei116 Taiwan Center of Astronomy and Gravitation National Taiwan Normal University No. 88 Sec. 4 Tingzhou Road Taipei116 Taiwan Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Astronomy Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory Columbia University 550 W 120th Street New YorkNY10027 United States Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute 162 Fifth Avenue New YorkNY10010 United States Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London Holmbury St. Mary Dorking SurreyRH5 6NT United Kingdom Institut für Theoretische Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 1 Frankfurt am MainD-60438 Germany Department of Physics University of Illinois 1110 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Astronomy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1002 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States NCSA University of Illinois 1205 W Clark St UrbanaIL61801 United States CP3-Origins University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 Odense MDK-5230 Denmark School of Natural Sciences Institute for Advanced Study 1 Einstein Drive PrincetonNJ08540 United States Princeton Gravity Initiative Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Harvard University 20 Gar

Interpretation of resolved polarized images of black holes by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) requires predictions of the polarized emission observable by an Earth-based instrument for a particular model of the black hole accretion system. Such predictions are generated by general relativistic radiative transfer (GRRT) codes, which integrate the equations of polarized radiative transfer in curved spacetime. A selection of ray-tracing GRRT codes used within the EHT collaboration is evaluated for accuracy and consistency in producing a selection of test images, demonstrating that the various methods and implementations of radiative transfer calculations are highly consistent. When imaging an analytic accretion model, we find that all codes produce images similar within a pixel-wise normalized mean squared error (NMSE) of 0.012 in the worst case. When imaging a snapshot from a cell-based magnetohydrodynamic simulation, we find all test images to be similar within NMSEs of 0.02, 0.04, 0.04, and 0.12 in Stokes I, Q, U, and V respectively. We additionally find the values of several image metrics relevant to published EHT results to be in agreement to much better precision than measurement uncertainties. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Mean square error

First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Akiyama, Kazunori Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Boyce, Hope Bremer, Michael Brinkerink, Christiaan D. Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Byun, Do-Young Carlstrom, John E. Ceccobello, Chiara Chael, Andrew Chan, Chi-Kwan Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Cordes, James M. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dougal, Sean Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Ed Ford, H. Alyson Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gold, Roman Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gómez, José L. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Haworth, Kari Hecht, Michael H. Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Impellizzeri, C.M. Violette Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra Johnson, Michael D. Jorstad, Svetlana Joshi, Abhishek V. Jung, Taehyun Karami, Mansour Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Kocherlakota, Prashant Kofuji, Yutaro Koch, Patrick M. Koyama, Shoko Kramer, Carsten Kramer, Michael Krichbaum, Thomas P. Ku Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San AntonioTX78249 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd Taipei10617 Taiwan Departament d'Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr. Moliner 50 Burjassot ValènciaE-46100 Spain Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2 Paterna ValènciaE-46980 Spain Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Yale Center for Astronomy & Astrophysics Yale University 52 Hillhouse Avenue New HavenCT06511 United States Department of Physics University of Illinois 1110 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory MS209 P.O. Box 500 BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States East Asian Observatory 660 N. A'ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States 660 N. A'ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard PasadenaCA91125 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 645 N. A'ohoku Place HiloHI

We present the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A∗), the Galactic center source associated with a supermassive black hole. These observations were conducted in 2017 using a global interferometric array of eight telescopes operating at a wavelength of λ = 1.3 mm. The EHT data resolve a compact emission region with intrahour variability. A variety of imaging and modeling analyses all support an image that is dominated by a bright, thick ring with a diameter of 51.8 ± 2.3 µas (68% credible interval). The ring has modest azimuthal brightness asymmetry and a comparatively dim interior. Using a large suite of numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the EHT images of Sgr A∗ are consistent with the expected appearance of a Kerr black hole with mass ∼4 × 106 M☉, which is inferred to exist at this location based on previous infrared observations of individual stellar orbits as well as maser proper motion studies. Our model comparisons disfavor scenarios where the black hole is viewed at high inclination (i > 50◦), as well as non-spinning black holes and those with retrograde accretion disks. Our results provide direct evidence for the presence of a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy, and for the first time we connect the predictions from dynamical measurements of stellar orbits on scales of 103 − 105 gravitational radii to event horizon-scale images and variability. Furthermore, a comparison with the EHT results for the supermassive black hole M87∗ shows consistency with the predictions of general relativity spanning over three orders of magnitude in central mass. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Telescopes

Correction to: Genes associated with survival of female bovine blastocysts produced in vivo

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Cell and tissue research 2020年第3期382卷 679页

作者： A M Zolini J Block M B Rabaglino G Rincon M Hoelker J J Bromfield D Salilew-Wondim P J Hansen Department of Animal Sciences D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program and Genetics Institute University of Florida PO Box 110910 Gainesville FL 32611-0910 USA. Zoetis Inc. Kalamazoo MI 49007 USA. Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de La Salud CONICET Córdoba Argentina. Quantitative Genetics Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Group Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark. Institute of Animal Science Animal Breeding and Husbandry University of Bonn Bonn Germany. Teaching and Research Station Frankenforst Faculty of Agriculture University of Bonn Königswinter Germany. Center of Integrated Dairy Research University of Bonn Bonn Germany. Department of Animal Sciences D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program and Genetics Institute University of Florida PO Box 110910 Gainesville FL 32611-0910 USA. pjhansen@ufl.edu.

The first error is on page 5. A sentence lists two genes as SCNA1A and SCNA2A but they should be SCN1A and SCN2A.

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