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Identified charged-hadron production in p+Al, He3+Au, and Cu+Au collisions at sNN=200GeV and in U+U collisions at sNN=193GeV

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Physical Review C 2024年第5期109卷 054910-054910页

作者： N. J. Abdulameer U. Acharya A. Adare C. Aidala N. N. Ajitanand Y. Akiba R. Akimoto J. Alexander M. Alfred V. Andrieux K. Aoki N. Apadula H. Asano E. T. Atomssa T. C. Awes B. Azmoun V. Babintsev M. Bai X. Bai N. S. Bandara B. Bannier K. N. Barish S. Bathe V. Baublis C. Baumann S. Baumgart A. Bazilevsky M. Beaumier S. Beckman R. Belmont A. Berdnikov Y. Berdnikov L. Bichon D. Black B. Blankenship D. S. Blau J. S. Bok V. Borisov K. Boyle M. L. Brooks J. Bryslawskyj H. Buesching V. Bumazhnov S. Butsyk S. Campbell V. Canoa Roman R. Cervantes C.-H. Chen D. Chen M. Chiu C. Y. Chi I. J. Choi J. B. Choi S. Choi P. Christiansen T. Chujo V. Cianciolo Z. Citron B. A. Cole M. Connors R. Corliss Y. Corrales Morales N. Cronin N. Crossette M. Csanád T. Csörgő L. D'Orazio T. W. Danley A. Datta M. S. Daugherity G. David C. T. Dean K. DeBlasio K. Dehmelt A. Denisov A. Deshpande E. J. Desmond L. Ding A. Dion P. B. Diss D. Dixit V. Doomra J. H. Do O. Drapier A. Drees K. A. Drees J. M. Durham A. Durum H. En'yo T. Engelmore A. Enokizono R. Esha K. O. Eyser B. Fadem W. Fan N. Feege D. E. Fields M. Finger, Jr. M. Finger D. Firak D. Fitzgerald F. Fleuret S. L. Fokin J. E. Frantz A. Franz A. D. Frawley Y. Fukao Y. Fukuda T. Fusayasu K. Gainey P. Gallus C. Gal P. Garg A. Garishvili I. Garishvili H. Ge M. Giles F. Giordano A. Glenn X. Gong M. Gonin Y. Goto R. Granier de Cassagnac N. Grau S. V. Greene M. Grosse Perdekamp Y. Gu T. Gunji T. Guo H. Guragain T. Hachiya J. S. Haggerty K. I. Hahn H. Hamagaki H. F. Hamilton J. Hanks S. Y. Han M. Harvey S. Hasegawa T. O. S. Haseler K. Hashimoto R. Hayano T. K. Hemmick T. Hester X. He J. C. Hill K. Hill A. Hodges R. S. Hollis K. Homma B. Hong T. Hoshino N. Hotvedt J. Huang T. Ichihara Y. Ikeda K. Imai Y. Imazu M. Inaba A. Iordanova D. Isenhower A. Isinhue D. Ivanishchev B. V. Jacak S. J. Jeon M. Jezghani X. Jiang Z. Ji B. M. Johnson K. S. Joo D. Jouan D. S. Jumper J. Kamin S. Kanda B. H. Kang J. H. Kang J. S. Kang D. Kapukchyan J. Kapustinsky S. Karthas D. Kawall A. V. Kazantsev J. A. Key V. Khachatrya Debrecen University H-4010 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1 Hungary Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia 30303 USA University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA Chemistry Department State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook New York 11794 USA RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan RIKEN BNL Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA Center for Nuclear Study Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy Howard University Washington DC 20059 USA KEK High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook New York 11794 USA Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA IHEP Protvino State Research Center of Russian Federation Institute for High Energy Physics Protvino 142281 Russia Collider-Accelerator Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA Science and Technology on Nuclear Data Laboratory China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 People's Republic of China Department of Physics University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA University of California-Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Baruch College City University of New York New York New York 10010 USA Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Gatchina Leningrad Region 188300 Russia Physics and Astronomy Department University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro North Carolina 27412 USA Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235 USA Saint Petersburg Stat

The PHENIX experiment has performed a systematic study of identified charged-hadron (π±, K±, p, p¯) production at midrapidity in p+Al, He3+Au, and Cu+Au collisions at sNN=200GeV and U+U collisions at sNN=193GeV. Identified charged-hadron invariant transverse-momentum (pT) and transverse-mass (mT) spectra are presented and interpreted in terms of radially expanding thermalized systems. The particle ratios of K/π and p/π have been measured in different centrality ranges of large (Cu+Au and U+U) and small (p+Al and He3+Au) collision systems. The values of K/π ratios measured in all considered collision systems were found to be consistent with those measured in p+p collisions. However, the values of p/π ratios measured in large collision systems reach the values of ≈0.6, which is a factor of ≈2 larger than in p+p collisions. These results can be qualitatively understood in terms of the baryon enhancement expected from hadronization by recombination. Identified charged-hadron nuclear-modification factors (RAB) are also presented. Enhancement of proton RAB values over meson RAB values was observed in central He3+Au, Cu+Au, and U+U collisions. The proton RAB values measured in the p+Al collision system were found to be consistent with RAB values of ϕ, π±, K±, and π0 mesons, which may indicate that the size of the system produced in p+Al collisions is too small for recombination to cause a noticeable increase in proton production.

关键词： Hadron production Relativistic heavy-ion collisions Hadrons Kaons Pions Protons

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Author Correction: Genetic drivers and cellular selection of female mosaic X chromosome loss

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Nature 2024年第8043期636卷 E7页

作者： Aoxing Liu Giulio Genovese Yajie Zhao Matti Pirinen Seyedeh M Zekavat Katherine A Kentistou Zhiyu Yang Kai Yu Caitlyn Vlasschaert Xiaoxi Liu Derek W Brown Georgi Hudjashov Bryan R Gorman Joe Dennis Weiyin Zhou Yukihide Momozawa Saiju Pyarajan Valdislav Tuzov Fanny-Dhelia Pajuste Mervi Aavikko Timo P Sipilä Awaisa Ghazal Wen-Yi Huang Neal D Freedman Lei Song Eugene J Gardner Vijay G Sankaran Aarno Palotie Hanna M Ollila Taru Tukiainen Stephen J Chanock Reedik Mägi Pradeep Natarajan Mark J Daly Alexander Bick Steven A McCarroll Chikashi Terao Po-Ru Loh Andrea Ganna John R B Perry Mitchell J Machiela Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland. liuaoxin@***. Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. liuaoxin@***. Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. liuaoxin@***. Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA. liuaoxin@***. Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA. liuaoxin@***. Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA. giulio@***. Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA. giulio@***. Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. giulio@***. MRC Epidemiology Unit Institute of Metabolic Science University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland. Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland. Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland. Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA. Cardiovascular Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. Department of Ophthalmology Massachusetts Eye and Ear Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Rockville MD USA. Department of Medicine Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada. Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama Japan. Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program Division of Cancer Prevention National Cancer Institute Rockville MD USA. Estonian Genome Centre Institute of Genomics University of Tartu Tartu Estonia. Center for Data and Computational Sciences (C-DACS) VA Cooperative Studies Program VA Boston Health

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The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M 87: I. Observations, calibration, imaging, and analysis*

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Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年 681卷

作者： Akiyama, Kazunori Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Boyce, Hope Bremer, Michael Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Carlstrom, John E. Chael, Andrew Chan, Chi-Kwan Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Dahale, Rohan Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Dihingia, Indu K. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Edward Ford, H. Alyson Foschi, Marianna Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gold, Roman Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gómez, José L. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Violette Impellizzeri, C.M. Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 Bonn53121 Germany Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San AntonioTX78249 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei10617 Taiwan Departament d'Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr. Moliner 50 València Burjassot46100 Spain Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2 València Paterna46980 Spain Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory Onsala43992 Sweden Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Yale Center for Astronomy & Astrophysics Yale University 52 Hillhouse Avenue New HavenCT06511 United States Astronomy Department Universidad de Concepción Casilla 160 Concepción Chile Department of Physics University of Illinois 1110 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory MS209 PO Box 500 BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States East Asian Observatory 660 N. A'ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States 660 N. A'ohoku Place HiloHI96720 Uni

In April 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration reported the first-ever event-horizon-scale images of a black hole, resolving the central compact radio source in the giant elliptical galaxy M 87. These images reveal a ring with a southerly brightness distribution and a diameter of ∼42 μas, consistent with the predicted size and shape of a shadow produced by the gravitationally lensed emission around a supermassive black hole. These results were obtained as part of the April 2017 EHT observation campaign, using a global very long baseline interferometric radio array operating at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. Here, we present results based on the second EHT observing campaign, taking place in April 2018 with an improved array, wider frequency coverage, and increased bandwidth. In particular, the additional baselines provided by the Greenland telescope improved the coverage of the array. Multiyear EHT observations provide independent snapshots of the horizon-scale emission, allowing us to confirm the persistence, size, and shape of the black hole shadow, and constrain the intrinsic structural variability of the accretion flow. We have confirmed the presence of an asymmetric ring structure, brighter in the southwest, with a median diameter of 43.3-3.1+1.5 μas. The diameter of the 2018 ring is remarkably consistent with the diameter obtained from the previous 2017 observations. On the other hand, the position angle of the brightness asymmetry in 2018 is shifted by about 30 relative to 2017. The perennial persistence of the ring and its diameter robustly support the interpretation that the ring is formed by lensed emission surrounding a Kerr black hole with a mass ∼6.5× 109M. The significant change in the ring brightness asymmetry implies a spin axis that is more consistent with the position angle of the large-scale jet. © 2023 The Author(s).

关键词： Gravitation

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Jet modification via π0-hadron correlations in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV

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Physical Review C 2024年第4期110卷 044901页

作者： N. J. Abdulameer U. Acharya A. Adare S. Afanasiev C. Aidala N. N. Ajitanand Y. Akiba H. Al-Bataineh J. Alexander M. Alfred K. Aoki N. Apadula L. Aphecetche J. Asai H. Asano E. T. Atomssa R. Averbeck T. C. Awes B. Azmoun V. Babintsev M. Bai G. Baksay L. Baksay A. Baldisseri N. S. Bandara B. Bannier K. N. Barish P. D. Barnes B. Bassalleck A. T. Basye S. Bathe S. Batsouli V. Baublis C. Baumann A. Bazilevsky M. Beaumier S. Beckman S. Belikov R. Belmont R. Bennett A. Berdnikov Y. Berdnikov L. Bichon A. A. Bickley B. Blankenship D. S. Blau J. G. Boissevain J. S. Bok H. Borel V. Borisov K. Boyle M. L. Brooks J. Bryslawskyj H. Buesching V. Bumazhnov G. Bunce S. Butsyk C. M. Camacho S. Campbell B. S. Chang W. C. Chang J. L. Charvet C.-H. Chen D. Chen S. Chernichenko M. Chiu C. Y. Chi I. J. Choi J. B. Choi R. K. Choudhury T. Chujo P. Chung A. Churyn V. Cianciolo Z. Citron B. A. Cole M. Connors P. Constantin R. Corliss M. Csanád T. Csörgő D. d'Enterria T. Dahms S. Dairaku T. W. Danley K. Das A. Datta M. S. Daugherity G. David K. DeBlasio K. Dehmelt A. Denisov A. Deshpande E. J. Desmond O. Dietzsch A. Dion P. B. Diss M. Donadelli V. Doomra J. H. Do O. Drapier A. Drees K. A. Drees A. K. Dubey J. M. Durham A. Durum D. Dutta V. Dzhordzhadze Y. V. Efremenko F. Ellinghaus H. En'yo T. Engelmore A. Enokizono R. Esha K. O. Eyser B. Fadem N. Feege D. E. Fields M. Finger, Jr. M. Finger D. Firak D. Fitzgerald F. Fleuret S. L. Fokin Z. Fraenkel J. E. Frantz A. Franz A. D. Frawley K. Fujiwara Y. Fukao T. Fusayasu P. Gallus C. Gal P. Garg I. Garishvili H. Ge F. Giordano A. Glenn H. Gong M. Gonin J. Gosset Y. Goto R. Granier de Cassagnac N. Grau S. V. Greene M. Grosse Perdekamp T. Gunji T. Guo H.-Å. Gustafsson T. Hachiya A. Hadj Henni J. S. Haggerty K. I. Hahn H. Hamagaki H. F. Hamilton J. Hanks R. Han S. Y. Han E. P. Hartouni K. Haruna S. Hasegawa T. O. S. Haseler K. Hashimoto E. Haslum R. Hayano M. Heffner T. K. Hemmick T. Hester X. He J. C. Hill A. Hodges M. Hohlmann R. S. Hollis W. Holzmann K. Homma B. Hong T. Horaguchi D. Hornback T. Debrecen University H-4010 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1 Hungary HUN-REN ATOMKI H-4026 Debrecen Bem tér 18/c Hungary Atlanta Georgia 30303 USA University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 141980 Dubna Moscow Region Russia Department of Physics University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003-9337 USA Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1040 USA Chemistry Department Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794-3400 USA RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan RIKEN BNL Research Center New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Howard University Washington DC 20059 USA KEK High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794-3800 USA SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes CNRS-IN2P3 Université de Nantes) BP 20722-44307 Nantes France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet Ecole Polytechnique CNRS-IN2P3 Route de Saclay F-91128 Palaiseau France Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Physics Department IHEP Protvino State Research Center of Russian Federation Institute for High Energy Physics Protvino 142281 Russia Collider-Accelerator Department Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne Florida 32901 USA Dapnia CEA Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France University of California-Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA Abilene Christian University Abilene Texas 79699 USA Baruch College City University of New York New York New York 10010 USA PNPI Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Gatchina Leningrad region 188300 Russia Institut für

High-momentum two-particle correlations are a useful tool for studying jet-quenching effects in the quark-gluon plasma. Angular correlations between neutral-pion triggers and charged hadrons with transverse momenta in the range 4–12 GeV/c and 0.5–7 GeV/c, respectively, have been measured by the PHENIX experiment in 2014 for Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV. Suppression is observed in the yield of high-momentum jet fragments opposite the trigger particle, which indicates jet suppression stemming from in-medium partonic energy loss, while enhancement is observed for low-momentum particles. The ratio and differences between the yield in Au+Au collisions and p+p collisions, IAA and ΔAA, as a function of the trigger-hadron azimuthal separation, Δϕ, are measured for the first time at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These results better quantify how the yield of low-pT associated hadrons is enhanced at wide angle, which is crucial for studying energy loss as well as medium-response effects.

关键词： Particle correlations & fluctuations Relativistic heavy-ion collisions Hadrons Pions Hadron colliders

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Polarimetric geometric modeling for mm-VLBI observations of black holes

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Roelofs, Freek Johnson, Michael D. Chael, Andrew Janssen, Michael Wielgus, Maciek Broderick, Avery E. Akiyama, Kazunori Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Boyce, Hope Bremer, Michael Brinkerink, Christiaan D. Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Byun, Do-Young Carlstrom, John E. Ceccobello, Chiara Chan, Chi-Kwan Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Cordes, James M. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Dahale, Rohan Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dougal, Sean Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Ed Ford, H. Alyson Foschi, Marianna Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gold, Roman Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gómez, José L. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Haworth, Kari Hecht, Michael H. Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Impellizzeri, C.M. Violette Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra Jorstad, Svetlana Joshi, Abhishek V. Jung, Taehyun Karami, Mansour Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Kocherlakota, Prashant Kofuji, Yutaro Koch, Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Princeton Gravity Initiative Princeton University Jadwin Hall PrincetonNJ08544 United States Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics 31 Caroline Street North WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Department of Physics & Astronomy The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San AntonioTX78249 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei10617 Taiwan Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr. Moliner 50 València BurjassotE-46100 Spain Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2 València PaternaE-46980 Spain Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory OnsalaSE-43992 Sweden Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Yale Center for Astronomy & Astrophysics Yale Universit

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a millimeter very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) array which has imaged the apparent shadows of the supermassive black holes M87∗ and Sagittarius A∗. Polarimetric data from these observations contain a wealth of information on the black hole and accretion flow properties. In this work, we develop polarimetric geometric modeling methods for mm-VLBI data, focusing on approaches that fit data products with differing degrees of invariance to broad classes of calibration errors. We establish a fitting procedure using a polarimetric "m-ring" model to approximate the image structure near a black hole. By fitting this model to synthetic EHT data from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) models, we show that the linear and circular polarization structure can be successfully approximated with relatively few model parameters. We then fit this model to EHT observations of M87∗ taken in 2017. In total intensity and linear polarization, the m-ring fits are consistent with previous results from imaging methods. In circular polarization, the m-ring fits indicate the presence of event-horizon-scale circular polarization structure, with a persistent dipolar asymmetry and orientation across several days. The same structure was recovered independently of observing band, used data products, and model assumptions. Despite this broad agreement, imaging methods do not produce similarly consistent results. Our circular polarization results, which imposed additional assumptions on the source structure, should thus be interpreted with some caution. Polarimetric geometric modeling provides a useful and powerful method to constrain the properties of horizon-scale polarized emission, particularly for sparse arrays like the EHT. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Polarimeters

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Horizons: Nuclear Astrophysics in the 2020s and Beyond

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Schatz, Hendrik Becerril Reyes, A.D. Best, A. Brown, E.F. Chatziioannou, K. Chipps, K.A. Deibel, C.M. Ezzeddine, R. Galloway, D.K. Hansen, C.J. Herwig, F. Ji, A.P. Lugaro, M. Meisel, Z. Norman, D. Read, J.S. Roberts, L.F. Spyrou, A. Tews, I. Timmes, F.X. Travaglio, C. Vassh, N. Abia, C. Adsley, P. Agarwal, S. Aliotta, M. Aoki, W. Arcones, A. Aryan, A. Bandyopadhyay, A. Banu, A. Bardayan, D.W. Barnes, J. Bauswein, A. Beers, T.C. Bishop, J. Boztepe, T. Côté, B. Caplan, M.E. Champagne, A.E. Clark, J.A. Couder, M. Couture, A. de Mink, S.E. Debnath, S. deBoer, R.J. den Hartogh, J. Denissenkov, P. Dexheimer, V. Dillmann, I. Escher, J.E. Famiano, M.A. Farmer, R. Fisher, R. Fröhlich, C. Frebel, A. Fryer, C. Fuller, G. Ganguly, A.K. Ghosh, S. Gibson, B.K. Gorda, T. Gourgouliatos, K.N. Graber, V. Gupta, M. Haxton, W. Heger, A. Hix, W.R. Ho, W.C.G. Holmbeck, E.M. Hood, A.A. Huth, S. Imbriani, G. Izzard, R.G. Jain, R. Jayatissa, H. Johnston, Z. Kajino, T. Kankainen, A. Kiss, G.G. Kwiatkowski, A. La Cognata, M. Laird, A.M. Lamia, L. Landry, P. Laplace, E. Launey, K.D. Leahy, D. Leckenby, G. Lennarz, A. Longfellow, B. Lovell, A.E. Lynch, W.G. Lyons, S.M. Maeda, K. Masha, E. Matei, C. Merc, J. Messer, B. Montes, F. Mukherjee, A. Mumpower, M. Neto, D. Nevins, B. Newton, W.G. Nguyen, L.Q. Nishikawa, K. Nishimura, N. Nunes, F.M. O’Connor, E. O’Shea, B.W. Ong, W.-J. Pain, S.D. Pajkos, M.A. Pignatari, M. Pizzone, R.G. Placco, V.M. Plewa, T. Pritychenko, B. Psaltis, A. Puentes, D. Qian, Y.-Z. Radice, D. Rapagnani, D. Rebeiro, B.M. Reifarth, R. Richard, A.L. Rijal, N. Roederer, I.U. Rojo, J.S. Sk, J. Saito, Y. Schwenk, A. Sergi, M.L. Sidhu, R.S. Simon, A. Sivarani, T. Skúladóttir, Á. Smith, M.S. Spiridon, A. Sprouse, T.M. Starrfield, S. Steiner, A.W. Strieder, F. Sultana, I. Surman, R. Szücs, T. Tawfik, A. Thielemann, F. Trache, L. Trappitsch, R. Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States Facility for Rare Isotope Beams Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States United States Department of Physics University of Naples"Federico II" Napoli80126 Italy INFN - Sezione di Napoli Napoli80126 Italy Department of Computational Mathematics Science and Engineering MichiganState University East LansingMI48824 United States Department of Physics California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Physics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee Knoxville KnoxvilleTN37996 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States Department of Astronomy University of Florida GainesvilleFL32601 United States School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University VIC3800 Australia OzGRav-Monash School of Physics & Astronomy Monash University VIC3800 Australia Goethe University Frankfurt Institute for Applied Physics Max-von-Laue-Str. 12 Frankfurt am Main60438 Germany Technical University of Darmstadt Institute for Nuclear Physics Germany Max Planck Institute for Astronomy Heidelberg Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Victoria VictoriaBCV8P 5C2 Canada Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics University of Chicago 5640 S Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Excellence Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 15-17 BudapestH-1121 Hungary ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Institute of Physics Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A Budapest1117 Hungary Institute of Nuclear & Particle Physics Department of Physics & Astronomy Ohio University AthensOH45701

Nuclear Astrophysics is a field at the intersection of nuclear physics and astrophysics, which seeks to understand the nuclear engines of astronomical objects and the origin of the chemical elements. This white paper summarizes progress and status of the field, the new open questions that have emerged, and the tremendous scientific opportunities that have opened up with major advances in capabilities across an ever growing number of disciplines and subfields that need to be integrated. We take a holistic view of the field discussing the unique challenges and opportunities in nuclear astrophysics in regards to science, diversity, education, and the interdisciplinarity and breadth of the field. Clearly nuclear astrophysics is a dynamic field with a bright future that is entering a new era of discovery opportunities. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Astrophysics

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Analysis of the BraTS 2023 Intracranial Meningioma Segmentation Challenge

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： LaBella, Dominic Baid, Ujjwal Khanna, Omaditya McBurney-Lin, Shan McLean, Ryan Nedelec, Pierre Rashid, Arif Tahon, Nourel Hoda Altes, Talissa Bhalerao, Radhika Dhemesh, Yaseen Godfrey, Devon Hilal, Fathi Floyd, Scott Janas, Anastasia Kazerooni, Anahita Fathi Kirkpatrick, John Kent, Collin Kofler, Florian Leu, Kevin Maleki, Nazanin Menze, Bjoern Pajot, Maxence Reitman, Zachary J. Rudie, Jeffrey D. Saluja, Rachit Velichko, Yury Wang, Chunhao Warman, Pranav Adewole, Maruf Albrecht, Jake Anazodo, Udunna Anwar, Syed Muhammad Bergquist, Timothy Chen, Sully Francis Chung, Verena Conte, Gian-Marco Dako, Farouk Eddy, James Ezhov, Ivan Khalili, Nastaran Iglesias, Juan Eugenio Jiang, Zhifan Johanson, Elaine Van Leemput, Koen Li, Hongwei Bran Linguraru, Marius George Liu, Xinyang Mahtabfar, Aria Meier, Zeke Moawad, Ahmed W. Mongan, John Piraud, Marie Shinohara, Russell Takeshi Wiggins, Walter F. Abayazeed, Aly H. Akinola, Rachel Jakab, András Bilello, Michel de Verdier, Maria Correia Crivellaro, Priscila Davatzikos, Christos Farahani, Keyvan Freymann, John Hess, Christopher Huang, Raymond Lohmann, Philipp Moassefi, Mana Pease, Matthew W. Vollmuth, Phillipp Sollmann, Nico Diffley, David Nandolia, Khanak K. Warren, Daniel I. Hussain, Ali Fehringer, Pascal Bronstein, Yulia Deptula, Lisa Stein, Evan G. Taherzadeh, Mahsa de Oliveira, Eduardo Portela Haughey, Aoife Kontzialis, Marinos Saba, Luca Turner, Benjamin Brüßeler, Melanie M.T. Ansari, Shehbaz Gkampenis, Athanasios Weiss, David Maximilian Mansour, Aya Shawali, Islam H. Yordanov, Nikolay Stein, Joel M. Hourani, Roula Moshebah, Mohammed Yahya Abouelatta, Ahmed Magdy Rizvi, Tanvir Willms, Klara Martin, Dann C. Okar, Abdullah D'Anna, Gennaro Taha, Ahmed Sharifi, Yasaman Faghani, Shahriar Kite, Dominic Pinho, Marco Haider, Muhammad Ammar Aristizabal, Alejandro Karargyris, Alexandros Kassem, Hasan Pati, Sarthak Sheller, Micah Alonso-Basanta, Michelle Villanueva-Meyer, Javier Rauschecker, Andreas M. Nada, Ayman Aboian, Mariam Flanders, Adam E. Wiestler, Benedikt Bakas, Spyridon Ca Duke University Medical Center Department of Radiation Oncology DurhamNC United States Division of Computational Pathology Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisIN United States Center for Federated Learning in Medicine Indiana University IndianapolisIN United States Department of Neurosurgery Thomas Jefferson University PhiladelphiaPA United States University of California San FranciscoCA United States Yale University New HavenCT United States Department of Radiation Oncology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States University of Missouri ColumbiaMO United States Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisIN United States Children's Hospital of Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Helmholtz AI Helmholtz Munich Germany Department of Informatics Technical University Munich Germany TranslaTUM - Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technical University of Munich Germany Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology School of Medicine Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Germany San FranciscoCA United States Biomedical Image Analysis and Machine Learning Department of Quantitative Biomedicine University of Zurich Switzerland Department of Neuroradiology Technical University of Munich Munich Germany University of San Diego CA United States Cornell University IthacaNY United States Department of Radiology Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States Duke University Medical Center School of Medicine DurhamNC United States Lab Crestview Radiology Lagos Nigeria Sage Bionetworks United States McGill University MontrealQC Canada Children's National Hospital WashingtonDC United States George Washington University WashingtonDC United State

We describe the design and results from the BraTS 2023 Intracranial Meningioma Segmentation Challenge. The BraTS Meningioma Challenge differed from prior BraTS Glioma challenges in that it focused on meningiomas, which are typically benign extra-axial tumors with diverse radiologic and anatomical presentation and a propensity for multiplicity. Nine participating teams each developed deep-learning automated segmentation models using image data from the largest multi-institutional systematically expert annotated multilabel multi-sequence meningioma MRI dataset to date, which included 1000 training set cases, 141 validation set cases, and 283 hidden test set cases. Each case included T2, T2/FLAIR, T1, and T1Gd brain MRI sequences with associated tumor compartment labels delineating enhancing tumor, non-enhancing tumor, and surrounding non-enhancing T2/FLAIR hyperintensity. Participant automated segmentation models were evaluated and ranked based on a scoring system evaluating lesion-wise metrics including dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and 95% Hausdorff Distance. The top ranked team had a lesion-wise median dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.976, 0.976, and 0.964 for enhancing tumor, tumor core, and whole tumor, respectively and a corresponding average DSC of 0.899, 0.904, and 0.871, respectively. These results serve as state-of-the-art benchmarks for future pre-operative meningioma automated segmentation algorithms. Additionally, we found that 1286 of 1424 cases (90.3%) had at least 1 compartment voxel abutting the edge of the skull-stripped image edge, which requires further investigation into optimal pre-processing face anonymization steps. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Tumors

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Demographics of black holes at g scales: accretion flows, jets, and shadows

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Nair, Dhanya G. Nagar, Neil M. Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh Wielgus, Maciek Arratia, Vicente Krichbaum, Thomas P. Zhang, Xinyue A. Ricarte, Angelo Silpa, S. Hernández-Yévenes, Joaquín Ford, Nicole M. Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Gurwell, Mark Burridge, Roman Pesce, Dominic W. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Daewon Janssen, Michael von Fellenberg, Sebastiano D. Fromm, Christian M. Lee, Deokhyeong Falcke, Heino Wagner, Jan Bower, Geoffrey C. Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Kim, Dong-Jin Akiyama, Kazunori Asada, Keiichi Arevalo, Patricia Bignall, Hayley Blackburn, Lindy Broderick, Avery E. Brunthaler, Andreas Chan, Chi-Kwan Doi, Akihiro Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Edward Gómez, José L. Haggard, Daryl Hada, Kazuhiro Herrera-Camus, Rodrigo Hoak, Daniel Hughes, David Hlavacek-Larrondo, Julie Jorstad, Svetlana Johnson, Michael D. Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kharb, Preeti Koay, Jun Yi Koyama, Shoko Kuo, Cheng-Yu Leigh, Nathan W.C. Lira, Paulina Lindqvist, Michael Lobanov, Andrei P. Lo, Wen-Ping Lu, Ru-Sen Markoff, Sera MacDonald, Nicholas R. Martínez-Aldama, Mary Loli Matthews, Lynn D. Matsushita, Satoki Mezcua, Mar Moscibrodzka, Monika Müller, Hendrik Nagai, Hiroshi Nakamura, Masanori Natarajan, Priyamvada Narayanan, Gopal Nowak, Michael A. Olivares Sánchez, Héctor Raúl Park, Jongho Psaltis, Dimitrios Pu, Hung-Yi Porth, Oliver Rao, Ramprasad Reynolds, Cormac Reeves, Rodrigo Romero-Cañizales, Cristina Ros, Eduardo Rottmann, Helge Roy, Alan L. Schleicher, Dominik Savolainen, Tuomas Impellizzeri, C.M. Violette Treister, Ezequiel Wiik, Kaj Zensus, J. Anton Astronomy Department Universidad de Concepción Casilla 160-C Concepción Chile Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO University of Turku FI-20014 Finland Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomia s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics McGill University 3600 rue University MontréalQCH3A 2T8 Canada Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory OnsalaSE-43992 Sweden Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 645 N. A’ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Hawaii at Manoa 2505 Correa Road HonoluluHI96822 United States Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics 31 Caroline Street North WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Data Science Institute University of Arizona 1230 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona 617 N. Santa Rita TucsonAZ85721 United States Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Institut für Theoretische Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 1 Frankfurt am MainD-60438 Germany Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik Universität

Using the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), the gravitationally lensed rings around the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in Messier 87 (M87), which has billions of solar masses and a strong jet, and Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), which has millions of solar masses and a weak or no jet, have now been successfully imaged at a resolution under 10 gravitational radii (Rg = GM/c2, where M is the SMBH mass). To expand studies beyond M87 and Sgr A*, we have constructed the ‘Event Horizon and Environs (ETHER)’ sample, a comprehensive database currently encompassing approximately 3.15 million SMBH mass estimates, ∼ 20,000 Very-Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) radio flux densities, and ∼ 36,000 hard X-ray flux densities. This database is designed to identify and optimize target selection for the EHT and its upgrades on the ground and in space. Within the ETHER database, we have identified a ‘Gold Sample’ (GS) of nearby low-luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) that are optimal for studying jet bases, and potentially imaging black hole shadows, with the EHT and its upgrades. We observed 27 of these AGNs using the EHT from 2022 to 2024, providing a unique opportunity to resolve and image accretion flows and jets at resolutions of ≤ 100 Rg. Only a few SMBHs have sufficiently high enough flux density to be imaged at scales of ≤ 50 Rgwith the present EHT. Among these are M87, Sgr A*, NGC 4594 (Sombrero/M104), NGC 4261, and NGC 4374 (Messier 84/M84). Of these, NGC 4261, Sombrero, and M84 have been observed and/or are scheduled for deep imaging with EHT+ALMA from 2023 to 2025. Sombrero, NGC 4261, M84, NGC 4278, and NGC 5232 are clearly detected in our EHT+ALMA observations in 2022, indicating that the 230 GHz flux density from the accretion flows is significantly high. Ongoing imaging of the ETHER GS will enable measurements of black hole mass and spin, help constrain General Relativity (GR), and enrich our understanding of jet launching and accretion inflows across a broad multi-param

关键词： Radiation flux density

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Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries (vol 611, pg 115, 2022)

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NATURE 2022年第7938期612卷 E7-E7页

作者： Mishra, Aniket Malik, Rainer Hachiya, Tsuyoshi Jurgenson, Tuuli Namba, Shinichi Posner, Daniel C. Kamanu, Frederick K. Koido, Masaru Le Grand, Quentin Shi, Mingyang He, Yunye Georgakis, Marios K. Caro, Ilana Krebs, Kristi Liaw, Yi-Ching Vaura, Felix C. Lin, Kuang Winsvold, Bendik Slagsvold Srinivasasainagendra, Vinodh Parodi, Livia Bae, Hee-Joon Chauhan, Ganesh Chong, Michael R. Tomppo, Liisa Akinyemi, Rufus Roshchupkin, Gennady V. Habib, Naomi Jee, Yon Ho Thomassen, Jesper Qvist Abedi, Vida Carcel-Marquez, Jara Nygaard, Marianne Leonard, Hampton L. Yang, Chaojie Yonova-Doing, Ekaterina Knol, Maria J. Lewis, Adam J. Judy, Renae L. Ago, Tetsuro Amouyel, Philippe Armstrong, Nicole D. Bakker, Mark K. Bartz, Traci M. Bennett, David A. Bis, Joshua C. Bordes, Constance Borte, Sigrid Cain, Anael Ridker, Paul M. Cho, Kelly Chen, Zhengming Cruchaga, Carlos Cole, John W. de Jager, Phil L. de Cid, Rafael Endres, Matthias Ferreira, Leslie E. Geerlings, Mirjam I. Gasca, Natalie C. Gudnason, Vilmundur Hata, Jun He, Jing Heath, Alicia K. Ho, Yuk-Lam Havulinna, Aki S. Hopewell, Jemma C. Hyacinth, I. Hyacinth Inouye, Michael Jacob, Mina A. Jeon, Christina E. Jern, Christina Kamouchi, Masahiro Keene, Keith L. Kitazono, Takanari Kittner, Steven J. Konuma, Takahiro Kumar, Amit Lacaze, Paul Launer, Lenore J. Lee, Keon-Joo Lepik, Kaido Li, Jiang Li, Liming Manichaikul, Ani Markus, Hugh S. Marston, Nicholas A. Meitinger, Thomas Mitchell, Braxton D. Montellano, Felipe A. Morisaki, Takayuki Mosley, Thomas H. Nalls, Mike A. Nordestgaard, Borge G. O'Donnell, Martin J. Okada, Yukinori Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte Ovbiagele, Bruce Peters, Annette Psaty, Bruce M. Rich, Stephen S. Rosand, Jonathan Sabatine, Marc S. Sacco, Ralph L. Saleheen, Danish Sandset, Else Charlotte Salomaa, Veikko Sargurupremraj, Muralidharan Sasaki, Makoto Satizabal, Claudia L. Schmidt, Carsten O. Shimizu, Atsushi Smith, Nicholas L. Sloane, Kelly L. Sutoh, Yoichi Sun, Yan V. Tanno, Kozo Tiedt, Steffen Tatlisumak, Turgut Torres-Aguila, Nuria P. Tiwari, Hemant K. Tregouet, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center University of Bordeaux Inserm UMR 1219 Bordeaux France Department of Public Health Bordeaux University Hospital Bordeaux France Department of Neurology Memory Clinic Bordeaux University Hospital Bordeaux France Department of Neurology Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases CHU de Bordeaux Bordeaux France Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) University Hospital LMU Munich Munich Germany Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology Munich Germany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization Iwate Medical University Iwate Japan Estonian Genome Centre Institute of Genomics University of Tartu Tartu Estonia Institute of Mathematics and Statistics University of Tartu Tartu Estonia Department of Computational Biology University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Lausanne Switzerland University Center for Primary Care and Public Health Lausanne Switzerland Department of Statistical Genetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan Department of Genome Informatics Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Laboratory for Systems Genetics RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama Japan Laboratory of Statistical Immunology Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC) Osaka University Suita Japan Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka University Suita Japan Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER) Osaka University Suita Japan Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC) VA Boston Healthcare System Boston MA USA TIMI S

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The mutational constraint spectrum quantified from variation in 141,456 humans (vol 581, pg 434, 2020)

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NATURE 2021年第7874期597卷 E3-E4页

作者： Gudmundsson, Sanna Karczewski, Konrad J. Francioli, Laurent C. Tiao, Grace Cummings, Beryl B. Alfoldi, Jessica Wang, Qingbo Collins, Ryan L. Laricchia, Kristen M. Ganna, Andrea Birnbaum, Daniel P. Gauthier, Laura D. Brand, Harrison Solomonson, Matthew Watts, Nicholas A. Rhodes, Daniel Singer-Berk, Moriel England, Eleina M. Seaby, Eleanor G. Kosmicki, Jack A. Walters, Raymond K. Tashman, Katherine Farjoun, Yossi Banks, Eric Poterba, Timothy Wang, Arcturus Seed, Cotton Whiffin, Nicola Chong, Jessica X. Samocha, Kaitlin E. Pierce-Hoffman, Emma Zappala, Zachary O'Donnell-Luria, Anne H. Minikel, Eric Vallabh Weisburd, Ben Lek, Monkol Ware, James S. Vittal, Christopher Armean, Irina M. Bergelson, Louis Cibulskis, Kristian Connolly, Kristen M. Covarrubias, Miguel Donnelly, Stacey Ferriera, Steven Gabriel, Stacey Gentry, Jeff Gupta, Namrata Jeandet, Thibault Kaplan, Diane Llanwarne, Christopher Munshi, Ruchi Novod, Sam Petrillo, Nikelle Roazen, David Ruano-Rubio, Valentin Saltzman, Andrea Schleicher, Molly Soto, Jose Tibbetts, Kathleen Tolonen, Charlotte Wade, Gordon Talkowski, Michael E. Neale, Benjamin M. Daly, Mark J. MacArthur, Daniel G. Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Division of Genetics and Genomics Boston Children’s Hospital Boston MA USA Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland Helsinki Finland Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA National Heart & Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences Imperial College London London UK Cardiovascular Research Centre Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust London UK Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc Boston MA USA Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Broad Genomics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Department of Neurology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Cardiac Arrhythmia Service and Cardiovascular Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Estonian Genome Center Institute of Genomics University of Tartu Tartu Estonia Data Sciences Platform Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Diabetes Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Program in Metabolism Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Division of General Internal Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Cardiovascular Disease Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Genomics Diabetes and Endocrinology Lund University Lund Sweden Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics Folkhälsan Research C

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