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Anisotropy as a diagnostic test for distinct tensor-network wave functions of integer- and half-integer-spin Kitaev quantum spin liquids

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Physical Review B 2021年第2期104卷 024417-024417页

作者： Hyun-Yong Lee Takafumi Suzuki Yong Baek Kim Naoki Kawashima Department of Applied Physics Graduate School Korea University Sejong 30019 Korea Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics Korea University Sejong 30019 Korea Interdisciplinary Program in E·ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Korea University Sejong 30019 Korea Graduate School for Engineering University of Hyogo Himeji Hyogo 670-2280 Japan Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 1A7 Canada Institute for Solid State Physics University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba 277-8581 Japan

Contrasting ground states of quantum magnets with the integer- and half-integer-spin moments are the manifestation of many-body quantum interference effects. In this work, we investigate the distinct nature of the integer- and half-integer-spin quantum spin liquids in the framework of the Kitaev's model on the honeycomb lattice. The models with arbitrary spin quantum numbers are not exactly solvable in contrast to the well-known quantum spin liquid solution of the spin-1/2 system. We use the tensor-network wave functions for the integer-and half-integer-spin quantum spin liquid states to unveil the important difference between these states. We find that the distinct sign structures of the tensor-network wave function for the integer- and half-integer-spin quantum spin liquids are responsible for completely different ground states in the spatially anisotropic limit. Hence the spatial anisotropy would be a useful diagnostic test for distinguishing these quantum spin liquid states, both in the numerical computations and experiments on real materials. We support this discovery via extensive numerics including the tensor-network, DMRG, and exact diagonalization computations.

关键词： Quantum spin liquid Topological phases of matter Density matrix renormalization group Exact diagonalization Kitaev model Tensor network methods Tensor network renormalization

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Manipulation of the nanoscale heliconical structure of a twist-bend nematic material with polarized light

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Physical Review Research 2020年第3期2卷 032004(R)-032004(R)页

作者： C. Feng J. Feng R. Saha Y. Arakawa J. Gleeson S. Sprunt C. Zhu A. Jákli Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Physics Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 USA Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science Graduate School of Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan

The effect of polarized violet light on the alignment and the heliconical pitch of a liquid crystal dimer containing both sulfur atoms and an azo linkage has been studied by tender resonant x-ray scattering. The results provide evidence of the manipulation of the nanoscale heliconical structure by polarized light. In addition to the bulk alignment of the heliconical nanostructure, the value of the heliconical pitch can be varied as well. After turning the light on, an increase of the pitch is observed in two steps. The increase with a subsecond timescale is attributed to the reduced heliconical order related to trans-cis photoisomerization. This is followed by a smaller increase over a 10-s timescale, which is likely related to the annihilation of defects. After turning the light off, the pitch first decreases within a few seconds to a value larger than the original (before illumination), and then relaxes further on a much longer (hours) timescale.

关键词： Chiral symmetry Dynamical phase transitions Twist deformation

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Application of Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP-FTIR) spectroscopy to air-sea greenhouse gas exchange

Application of Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP-FTIR...

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applied Industrial Spectroscopy, AIS 2021 - Part of Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress 2021

作者： Wiacek, Aldona Hellmich, Martin Flesch, Thomas Department of Environmental Science Saint Mary's University HalifaxNS Canada Department of Astronomy and Physics Saint Mary's University HalifaxNS Canada Applied Science Graduate Program Saint Mary's University HalifaxNS Canada Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Alberta EdmontonABT6G 2E3 Canada

An OP-FTIR system was deployed over the ocean surface to collect absorption spectra at two heights, alternating quickly in time. Gas concentrations were derived and used to calculate air-sea gas fluxes by the flux-gra... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528209

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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Radiative hadronization: Photon emission at hadronization from quark-gluon plasma

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Fujii, Hirotsugu Itakura, Kazunori Miyachi, Katsunori Nonaka, Chiho Institute of Physics University of Tokyo Komaba Tokyo153-8902 Japan Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science Nagasaki851-0193 Japan KEK Theory Center IPNS KEK Tsukuba305-0801 Japan Department of Physics Nagoya University Nagoya464-8602 Japan Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Higashi Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Nagoya University Nagoya464-8602 Japan

We investigate photon emission at the hadronization stage from a quark-gluon plasma created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. A recombination-model picture suggests that a quark and an antiquark bind into a meson state in hadronization, which would apparently violate the energy conservation if there is nothing else involved. We consider here a hadronization process where the recombination accompanies a photon emission. This is an analog of the "radiative recombination" known in plasma physics, such as e− + p+ → H0 + γ, which occurs when an electromagnetic plasma goes back to a neutral atomic gas. The "radiative hadronization" picture will bring about (i) an enhancement of the photon yield, (ii) significant flow of photons similar to that of hadrons, and (iii) the photon transverse momentum (pT) distribution with a thermal profile whose effective temperature is given by blue-shifted temperature of quarks. Here as a simplest and phenomenological realization of the radiative hadronization, we modify the recombination model to involve a photon emission and evaluate the photon yield with this modified model. Adding this contribution to the direct photon yield along with thermal photon contribution calculated with a hydrodynamic model and a parametrized contribution of prompt photons, we study the pT spectrum and elliptic flow of the photons produced in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Photons

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Photon Production in High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions: Thermal Photons and Radiative Recombination

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Fujii, Hirotsugu Itakura, Kazunori Miyachi, Katsunori Nonaka, Chiho Institute of Physics University of Tokyo Komaba Tokyo153-8902 Japan Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science Nagasaki851-0193 Japan KEK Theory Center IPNS KEK Tsukuba305-0801 Japan Department of Physics Nagoya University Nagoya464-8602 Japan Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Nagoya University Nagoya464-8602 Japan

We present a comprehensive analysis of photon production at RHIC and the LHC, proposing radiative hadronization as an additional photon source in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. For thermal photon, we perform relati... 详细信息

关键词： Heavy ions

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Beyond Ohm's law: Bernoulli effect and streaming in electron hydrodynamics

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Physical Review B 2021年第23期103卷 235152-235152页

作者： Aaron Hui Vadim Oganesyan Eun-Ah Kim School of Applied & Engineering Physics Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy College of Staten Island CUNY Staten Island New York 10314 USA Physics Program and Initiative for the Theoretical Sciences The Graduate Center CUNY New York New York 10016 USA Department of Physics Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA

Recent observations of nonlocal transport in ultraclean two-dimensional materials raised the tantalizing possibility of accessing hydrodynamic correlated transport of a many-electron state. However, it has been pointed out that nonlocal transport can also arise from impurity scattering rather than interaction. At the crux of the ambiguity is the focus on linear effects, i.e., Ohm's law, which cannot easily differentiate among different modes of transport. Here we propose experiments that can reveal rich hydrodynamic features in the system by tapping into the nonlinearity of the Navier-Stokes equation. Three experiments we propose will each manifest a unique phenomenon that is well known in classical fluids: the Bernoulli effect, Eckart streaming, and Rayleigh streaming. Analysis of known parameters confirms that the proposed experiments are feasible and the hydrodynamic signatures are within reach of graphene-based devices. Experimental realization of any one of the three phenomena will provide a stepping stone to formulating and exploring the notions of nonlinear electron fluid dynamics with an eye to celebrated examples from classical nonlaminar flows, e.g., pattern formation and turbulence.

关键词： 2-dimensional systems Graphene Nonlinear waves Hydrodynamics

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Pre-thermalization via self-driving and external driving of extensive subsystems

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Buessen, Finn Lasse Lee, Hyun-Yong Grover, Tarun Kim, Yong Baek Department of Physics University of Toronto TorontoONM5S 1A7 Canada Department of Applied Physics Graduate School Korea University Sejong30019 Korea Republic of Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics Korea University Sejong30019 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in E·ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Korea University Sejong30019 Korea Republic of Department of Physics University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States

We investigate the non-equilibrium states of an interacting multi-component quantum system when only an extensive subsystem is quantum-quenched or driven from the ground state. As a concrete example, we consider a system where two XXZ spin chains are coupled to a transverse field Ising (TFI) chain, and only the transverse field in the TFI chain is quantum-quenched or periodically driven in time, starting from an initially ordered state. This system is studied using density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) simulations and various entanglement entropy diagnostics. In the case of quantum quenching, when the transverse field is suddenly switched on to become the largest energy scale, the resulting internal dynamics leads to a pre-thermal steady state with persistent oscillating magnetization ('self-driving') and emergent conservation laws. Upon applying the time-dependent drive to the TFI chain ('external driving'), sufficiently fast drive gives rise to a pre-thermal steady state with finite magnetization, whereas a slow drive generates a high-temperature disordered state. We briefly discuss the experimental implementation of our protocol in organic materials with quantum-tunneling hydrogen atoms. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetization

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Addressing challenges for operating electrochemical solar fuels technologies under variable and diurnal conditions

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Frontiers in Energy Research 2024年 12卷

作者： Yap, Kyra M. K. Lee, Sol A. Kistler, Tobias A. Collins, Darci K. Warren, Emily L. Atwater, Harry A. Jaramillo, Thomas F. Xiang, Chengxiang Nielander, Adam C. Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University StanfordCA United States SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCA United States Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA United States Chemistry and Nanoscience Center National Renewable Energy Laboratory GoldenCO United States Advanced Energy Systems Graduate Program Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO United States

The outdoor operation of electrochemical solar fuels devices must contend with challenges presented by the cycles of solar irradiance, temperature, and other meteorological factors. Herein, we discuss challenges associated with these fluctuations presented over three timescales, including the effects of diurnal cycling over the course of many days, a single diurnal cycle over the course of hours, and meteorological phenomena that cause fluctuations on the order of seconds to minutes. We also highlight both reaction-independent and reaction-specific effects of variable conditions for the hydrogen evolution reaction and CO2 reduction reaction. We identify key areas of research for advancing the outdoor operation of solar fuels technology and highlight the need for metrics and benchmarks to enable the comparison of diurnal studies across systems and geographical locations. Copyright © 2024 Yap, Lee, Kistler, Collins, Warren, Atwater, Jaramillo, Xiang and Nielander.

关键词： Hydrogen fuels

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A mean shift algorithm for drift correction in localization microscopy

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Biophysical Reports 2021年第1期1卷 100008页

作者： Fazekas, Frank J. Shaw, Thomas R. Kim, Sumin Bogucki, Ryan A. Veatch, Sarah L. Program in Biophysics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Program in Applied Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States

Single-molecule localization microscopy techniques transcend the diffraction limit of visible light by localizing isolated emitters sampled stochastically. This time-lapse imaging necessitates long acquisition times, over which sample drift can become large relative to the localization precision. Here, we present an efficient and robust method for estimating drift, using a simple peak-finding algorithm based on mean shifts that is effective for single-molecule localization microscopy in two or three dimensions. © 2021 The Author(s)

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Quantifying yeast colony morphologies with feature engineering from time-lapse photography

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Goldschmidt, Andy Kunert-Graf, James Scott, Adrian C. Tan, Zhihao Dudley, Aimée M. Nathan Kutz, J. Department of Physics University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Pacific Northwest Research Institute SeattleWA98122 United States Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States

Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is a model organism for studying the morphology that emerges at the scale of multi-cell colonies. To look at how morphology develops, we collect a dataset of time-lapse photographs of the growth of different strains of S. cerevisiae. We discuss the general statistical challenges that arise when using time-lapse photographs to extract time-dependent features. In particular, we show how texture-based feature engineering and representative clustering can be successfully applied to categorize the development of yeast colony morphology using our dataset. The Local binary patterns (LBP) from image processing is used to score the surface texture of colonies. This texture score develops along a smooth trajectory during growth. The path taken depends on how the morphology emerges. A hierarchical clustering of the colonies is performed according to their texture development trajectories. The clustering method is designed for practical interpretability;it obtains the best representative colony image for any hierarchical sub-cluster. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Morphology

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