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Tomographic reconstruction of time-bin-entangled qudits

Physical Review A 2016年第4期94卷 042328-042328页

作者： Samantha J. Nowierski Neal N. Oza Prem Kumar Gregory S. Kanter Center for Photonic Communication and Computing EECS Department Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208-3118 USA Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois 60208-3112 USA

We describe an experimental implementation to generate and measure high-dimensional time-bin-entangled qudits. Two-photon time-bin entanglement is generated via spontaneous four-wave mixing in single-mode fiber. Unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometers transform selected time bins to polarization entanglement, allowing standard polarization-projective measurements to be used for complete quantum state tomographic reconstruction. Here we generate maximally entangled qubits (d=2), qutrits (d=3), and ququarts (d=4), as well as other phase-modulated nonmaximally entangled qubits and qutrits. We reconstruct and verify all generated states using maximum-likelihood estimation tomography.

关键词： Entanglement detection Entanglement manipulation Quantum entanglement Quantum tomography

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Thermal current-induced charge redistribution in wide CVD-grown graphene constriction

Thermal current-induced charge redistribution in wide CVD-gr...

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Indium Phosphide and Related Materials Conference

作者： Chiashain Chuang Tak-Pong Woo Fan-Hung Liu Masahiro Matsunaga Yuichi Ochiai Chi-Te Liang Nubuyuki Aoki Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science Chiba University Chiba Japan The Germination Program Office Science & Technology Policy Research and Information Center Taipei Taiwan Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Applied Physics National Taiwan University taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781509019656

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene would find great applications in industrial graphene-based electronics recently. Most importantly, the one-dimensional constriction of CVD graphene due to its grain boundaries and merged domains revealing interesting interference effects, like Aharonov-Bohm effect. Such interesting interference transport behavior can be revealed by low-temperature scanning gate microscopy (LT-SGM) and be numerical simulated about the dynamic transport point of view by mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equation. In order to realize graphene-based quantum transport device, our results suggested that the supplying additional thermal current could flood into the grain boundaries and merged domains in one-dimensional quantum confined CVD graphene so as to suppress the interference effect, a great discovery for graphene-based materials coherent electronic devices.

关键词： Graphene Interference Grain boundaries Logic gates Scanning electron microscopy Compounds

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Author Correction: Genomic footprints of activated telomere maintenance mechanisms in cancer (Dec, 10.1038/s41467-019-13824-9, 2022)

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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS 2022年第1期13卷 1-1页

作者： Sieverling, Lina Hong, Chen Koser, Sandra D. Ginsbach, Philip Kleinheinz, Kortine Hutter, Barbara Braun, Delia M. Cortes-Ciriano, Isidro Xi, Ruibin Kabbe, Rolf Park, Peter J. Eils, Roland Schlesner, Matthias Brors, Benedikt Rippe, Karsten Jones, David T. W. Feuerbach, Lars Division of Applied Bioinformatics German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) 69120 Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Biosciences Heidelberg University 69120 Heidelberg Germany Division of Applied Bioinformatics German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Biosciences Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) 69120 Heidelberg Germany Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuant 69120 Heidelberg Germany Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Heidelberg Germany National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO) German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Division of Chromatin Networks German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and BioQuant 69120 Heidelberg Germany Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA Department of Chemistry Centre for Molecular Science Informatics University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK Ludwig Center at Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Department of Chemistry Centre for Molecular Science Informatics University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Ludwig Center at Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA School of Mathematical Sciences and Center for Statistical Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany New BIH Digital Health Center Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Bioi

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A new phase-field approach to variational implicit solvation of charged molecules with the coulomb-field approximation

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Zhao, Yanxiang Ma, Yanping Sun, Hui Li, Bo Du, Qiang Department of Mathematics George Washington University 801 22nd St. NW Phillips 739 WashingtonDC20052 United States Department of Mathematics Loyola Marymount University 1 LMU drive Los AngelesCA90045 United States Department of Mathematics and Statistics California State University Long BeachCA90840-1001 United States Department of Mathematics and Quantitative Biology Graduate Program University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive Mail code: 0112 La JollaCA92093-0112 United States Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University NY10027 United States

We construct a new phase-field model for the solvation of charged molecules with a variational implicit solvent. Our phase-field free-energy functional includes the surface energy, solute-solvent van der Waals dispersion energy, and electrostatic interaction energy that is described by the Coulomb-field approximation, all coupled together self-consistently through a phase field. By introducing a new phase-field term in the description of the solute-solvent van der Waals and electrostatic interactions, we can keep the phase-field values closer to those describing the solute and solvent regions, respectively, making it more accurate in the free-energy estimate. We first prove that our phase-field functionals Γ-converge to the corresponding sharp-interface limit. We then develop and implement an efficient and stable numerical method to solve the resulting gradient-flow equation to obtain equilibrium conformations and their associated free energies of the underlying charged molecular system. Our numerical method combines a linear splitting scheme, spectral discretization, and exponential time differencing Runge-Kutta approximations. Applications to the solvation of single ions and a two-plate system demonstrate that our new phase-field implementation improves the previous ones by achieving the localization of the system forces near the solute-solvent interface and maintaining more robustly the desirable hyperbolic tangent profile for even larger interfacial width. This work provides a scheme to resolve the possible unphysical feature of negative values in the phase-field function found in the previous phase-field modeling (cf. H. Sun, et al. J. Chem. Phys., 2015) of charged molecules with the Poisson-Boltzmann equation for the electrostatic interaction. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Free energy

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Mesoscopic quantum effects in a bad metal, hydrogen-doped vanadium dioxide

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Hardy, Will J. Ji, Heng Paik, Hanjong Schlom, Darrell G. Natelson, Douglas Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University 6100 Main St. HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University 6100 Main St. HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science IthacaNY14853 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University 6100 Main St. HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice University 6100 Main St. HoustonTX77005 United States

The standard treatment of quantum corrections to semiclassical electronic conduction assumes that charge carriers propagate many wavelengths between scattering events, and succeeds in explaining multiple phenomena (weak localization magnetoresistance (WLMR), universal conductance fluctuations, Aharonov-Bohm oscillations) observed in polycrystalline metals and doped semiconductors in various dimensionalities. We report apparent WLMR and conductance fluctuations in HxVO2, a poor metal (in violation of the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit) stabilized by the suppression of the VO2 metal-insulator transition through atomic hydrogen doping. Epitaxial thin films, single-crystal nanobeams, and nanosheets show similar phenomenology, though the details of the apparent WLMR seem to depend on the combined effects of the strain environment and presumed doping level. Self-consistent quantitative analysis of the WLMR is challenging given this and the high resistivity of the material, since the quantitative expressions for WLMR are derived assuming good metallicity. These observations raise the issue of how to assess and analyze mesoscopic quantum effects in poor metals. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vanadium dioxide

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Quantum Generation Dynamics of Coherent Phonons: Analysis of Transient Fano Resonance

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Journal of physics: Conference Series 2017年第1期864卷

作者： Yohei Watanabe Ken-ichi Hino Muneaki Hase Nobuya Maeshima Doctoral Program in Materials Science Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan Division of Materials Science Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8573 Japan Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8577 Japan Division of Applied Physics Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8573 Japan

We study the transient Fano resonance of a semiconductor Si observed in the early time region of coherent phonon generation induced by an ultrafast pump laser. We particularly examine effects of the detuning on the transient Fano resonance, where the detuning is de ned by the difference between the central frequency of the pump laser and the band gap. It is clari ed that asymmetric pro les of transient induced photoemission spectra, implying the Fano resonance, strongly depend on the detuning. This is attributed to energetically adjacent bosonic states, whose energy levels are strongly in uenced by the detuning.

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SciPy 1.0—Fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in python

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Virtanen, Pauli Gommers, Ralf Oliphant, Travis E. Haberland, Matt Reddy, Tyler Cournapeau, David Burovski, Evgeni Peterson, Pearu Weckesser, Warren Bright, Jonathan van der Walt, Stéfan J. Brett, Matthew Wilson, Joshua Millman, K. Jarrod Mayorov, Nikolay Nelson, Andrew R.J. Jones, Eric Kern, Robert Larson, Eric Carey, C.J. Polat, Ilhan Feng, Yu Moore, Eric W. VanderPlas, Jake Laxalde, Denis Perktold, Josef Cimrman, Robert Henriksen, Ian Quintero, E.A. Harris, Charles R. Archibald, Anne M. Ribeiro, Antônio H. Pedregosa, Fabian van Mulbregt, Paul University of Jyväskylä University of Jyväskylä FI-40014 Finland Quansight LLC AustinTX United States Ultrasound Imaging Mayo Clinic RochesterMN55902 United States Electrical Engineering Brigham Young University ProvoUT84604 United States Enthought Inc. AustinTX78701 United States Anaconda Inc AustinTX78701 United States BioResource and Agricultural Engineering Department California Polytechnic State University San Luis ObispoCA93407 United States Department of Mathematics University of California Los AngelesCA90025 United States Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87544 United States Independent Researcher Higher School of Economics Myasnitskaya 20 Moscow101000 Russia Independent Researcher Saue Estonia Department of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics Institute of Cybernetics Tallinn Technical University Akadeemia Rd 21 Tallinn Estonia Independent Researcher NY United States Berkeley Institute for Data Science University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States School of Psychology University of Birmingham Edgbaston BirmighamB15 2TT United Kingdom Division of Biostatistics University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States WayRay LLC Skolkovo Innovation Center Moscow143026 Russia Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Locked Bag 2001 Kirrawee DCNSW2232 Australia Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States College of Information and Computing Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst AmherstMA01002 United States Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Bruker Biospin Corp. 15 Fortune Drive BillericaMA01821 United States University of Washington SeattleWA98195 United States New Technologies - Research Centre University of West Bohemia Univerzitní 8 Plzeň306 14 Czech Republic Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences University of Texas at Austin AustinTX7

SciPy is an open source scientific computing library for the Python programming language. SciPy 1.0 was released in late 2017, about 16 years after the original version 0.1 release. SciPy has become a de facto standard for leveraging scientific algorithms in the Python programming language, with more than 600 unique code contributors, thousands of dependent packages, over 100,000 dependent repositories, and millions of downloads per year. This includes usage of SciPy in almost half of all machine learning projects on GitHub, and usage by high profile projects including LIGO gravitational wave analysis and creation of the first-ever image of a black hole (M87). The library includes functionality spanning clustering, Fourier transforms, integration, interpolation, file I/O, linear algebra, image processing, orthogonal distance regression, minimization algorithms, signal processing, sparse matrix handling, computational geometry, and statistics. In this work, we provide an overview of the capabilities and development practices of the SciPy library and highlight some recent technical developments. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Open source software

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In vivo evaluation of Zinc-containing nanostructured carbonated hydroxyapatite 27th

In vivo evaluation of Zinc-containing nanostructured carbona...

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27th Symposium and Annual Meeting of the International Society for Ceramics in Medicine, 2015

作者： Ribeiro, Simone Sartoretto, Suelen Cristina Resende, Rodrigo Uzeda, Marcelo Alves, Adriana Terezinha Santos, Silvia Albuquerque Pesce, Giovana Rossi, Alexandre Malta Granjeiro, José Mauro Miguel, Fúlvio Calasans-Maia, Mônica Diuana Graduate Program in Dentistry Fluminense Federal University Rua Mario Santos Braga Niterói Rio de Janeiro Brazil Applied Physics Department LABIOMAT Brazilian Center for Physics Research Rua Xavier Sigaud 150 Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Division of Bioengineering National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology Duque de Caxias Rio de Janeiro Brazil Health Sciences Center Federal University of the Recôncavo of Bahia Santo Antônio de Jesus Bahia Brazil Department of Oral Surgery Dentistry School Fluminense Federal University Rua Mario Santos Braga 28 Niteroi Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783035710403

The hydroxyapatite (HA) is a biocompatible and bioactive biomaterial used as bone substitute, however, the high crystallinity of HA and consequently its low solubility may be a limitation for its clinical use. In order to improve the biosorption of HA, the partial substitutions in the chemical structure and doping with small amounts of impurities have been study. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of 3% Zinc-containing nanostructured carbonated hydroxyapatite (ZncHA) compared with the carbonated hydroxyapatite (cHA), both synthesized at 37°C and non-sintered, using as control the stoichiometric HA microspheres in subcutaneous of mice. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Vibrational Spectroscopy in Infra Red Fourier Transform (FTIR) were used to characterize the biomaterials. In vivo test was performed in BALB/c mice by implanting of HA, cHA and ZncHA spheres in the subcutaneous tissue for 1, and 9 weeks (n=5). The negative control consisted in incision without material implantation (Sham group). The samples were histological processed to descriptive analysis of biological effect. The microscopic analysis showed a similar granulation reaction between groups at the first experimental period. In 9 weeks there was a time dependent biosorption of cHA compared with other groups. In conclusion, the biomaterials tested were biocompatible and cHA group showed a significant biosorption in comparison with HA and ZncHA groups. The doping of zinc did not influence the biocompatibility of biomaterial, however, change the biosorption response. © 2016 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Hydroxyapatite

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Random close packing in protein cores

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Physical Review E 2016年第3期93卷 032415-032415页

作者： Jennifer C. Gaines W. Wendell Smith Lynne Regan Corey S. O'Hern Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology (IGPPEB) Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Chemistry Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Applied Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA

Shortly after the determination of the first protein x-ray crystal structures, researchers analyzed their cores and reported packing fractions ϕ≈0.75, a value that is similar to close packing of equal-sized spheres. A limitation of these analyses was the use of extended atom models, rather than the more physically accurate explicit hydrogen model. The validity of the explicit hydrogen model was proved in our previous studies by its ability to predict the side chain dihedral angle distributions observed in proteins. In contrast, the extended atom model is not able to recapitulate the side chain dihedral angle distributions, and gives rise to large atomic clashes at side chain dihedral angle combinations that are highly probable in protein crystal structures. Here, we employ the explicit hydrogen model to calculate the packing fraction of the cores of over 200 high-resolution protein structures. We find that these protein cores have ϕ≈0.56, which is similar to results obtained from simulations of random packings of individual amino acids. This result provides a deeper understanding of the physical basis of protein structure that will enable predictions of the effects of amino acid mutations to protein cores and interfaces of known structure.

关键词： Protein structure Proteins

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In vivo evaluation of strontium-containing nanostructured carbonated hydroxyapatite 27th

In vivo evaluation of strontium-containing nanostructured ca...

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27th Symposium and Annual Meeting of the International Society for Ceramics in Medicine, 2015

作者： Kammer, Gabriel Maia Sartoretto, Suelen Cristina Resende, Rodrigo Uzeda, Marcelo Nascimento, Jhonathan Raphael Alves, Adriana Terezinha Calasans-Maia, José Rossi, Alexandre Granjeiro, José Mauro Calasans-Maia, Mônica Diuana Graduate Program in Dentistry Fluminense Federal University Rua Mario Santos Braga Niterói Rio de Janeiro Brazil Orthodontics Department Dentistry School Fluminense Federal University Rua Dr. Sylvio Henrique Browne Nova Friburgo Rio de Janeiro Brazil Applied Physics Department LABIOMAT Brazilian Center for Physics Research Rua Xavier Sigaud Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro150 Brazil Division of Bioengineering National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology Duque de Caxias Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Oral Surgery Dentistry School Fluminense Federal University Rua Mario Santos Braga 28 Niteroi Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783035710403

Bone tissue is a composite material that has hydroxyapatite (HA) as its main inorganic phase component. The biological apatites have low crystallinity and contain cationic and anionic substitutions in their structure, which differ from the available synthetic ceramics. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the biocompatibility of nanostructured carbonated hydroxyapatite microspheres containing 5 wt% strontium (SrcHA) compared with the biocompatibility of carbonated hydroxyapatite (cHA), both synthesized at 37°C and non-sintered, used to control stoichiometric HA microspheres in subcutaneous tissue of mice. The biomaterials (BM) were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Vibrational Spectroscopy in an Infrared Fourier Transform (VSIRFT) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Forty five balb-C mice were randomly divided into four groups of 15 animals each: SrcHA, cHA, HA, and without material implantation (Sham group). All samples were histologically processed for descriptive evaluation of the biological effect. At each experimental period (1, 3 and 9 weeks), there was a higher biosorption of the tested biomaterials observed in contrast with the HA. The cHA group was the only group completely phagocytosed by macrophages and giant cells after 9 weeks. All biomaterials proved to be biocompatible, and the cHA and SrcHA 3% groups exhibited a faster bioabsorption in comparison with the control group. The doping of strontium did not cause a greater biological response after the 3 experimental periods. © 2016 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Hydroxyapatite

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