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arXiv 2024年

作者： Gangopadhyay, Anjasha Dukiya, Naveen Moriya, Takashi J. Tanaka, Masaomi Maeda, Keiichi Howell, D. Andrew Singh, Mridweeka Singh, Avinash Sollerman, Jesper Kawabata, Koji S. Brennan, Seán J. Pellegrino, Craig Dastidar, Raya Nakaoka, Tatsuya Kawabata, Miho Misra, Kuntal Schulze, Steve Chandra, Poonam Taguchi, Kenta Sahu, Devendra K. McCully, Curtis Bostroem, K. Azalee Gonzalez, Estefania Padilla Newsome, Megan Hiramatsu, Daichi Takei, Yuki Yamanaka, Masayuki Tajitsu, Akito Isogai, Keisuke Oskar Klein Centre Department of Astronomy Stockholm University AlbaNova StockholmSE-106 91 Sweden Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Centre Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences Manora Peak 263001 India Department of Applied Physics Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly243006 India National Astronomical Observatory of Japan National Institutes of Natural Sciences 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University ClaytonVIC3800 Australia Astronomical Institute Tohoku University Aoba Sendai980-8578 Japan Department of Astronomy Kyoto University Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho Sakyo-ku Kyoto606-8502 Japan Las Cumbres Observatory 6740 Cortona Drive Suite 102 GoletaCA93117-5575 United States Department of Physics University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106-9530 United States Indian Institute of Astrophysics Koramangala 2nd Block Bangalore560034 India Instituto de Astrofísica Universidad Andres Bello Fernandez Concha 700 Las Condes RM Santiago Chile Millennium Institute of Astrophysics Nuncio Monsenor Sótero Sanz 100 Providencia Santiago8320000 Chile Department of Astronomy University of Virginia United States Northwestern University 1800 Sherman Ave EvanstonIL60201 United States National Radio Astronomy Observatory 520 Edgemont Road CharlottesvilleVA22903 United States Steward Observatory University of Arizona 933 North Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721 United States Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138-1516 United States Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics Kyoto University Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho Sakyo-ku Kyoto Kyoto606-8502 Japan Research Center for the Early Universe School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Toky

We present the long-term photometric and spectroscopic analysis of a transitioning SN IIn/Ibn from −10.8 d to 150.7 d post Vband maximum. SN 2021foa shows prominent He i lines comparable in strength to the Hα line around peak, placing SN 2021foa between the SN IIn and SN Ibn populations. The spectral comparison shows that it resembles the SN IIn population at pre-maximum, becomes intermediate between SNe IIn/Ibn and at post-maximum matches with SN IIn 1996al. The photometric evolution shows a precursor at −50 d and a light curve shoulder around 17d. The peak luminosity and color evolution of SN 2021foa are consistent with most SNe IIn and Ibn in our comparison sample. SN 2021foa shows the unique case of a SN IIn where the narrow P-Cygni in Hα becomes prominent at 7.2 days. The Hα profile consists of a narrow (500 – 1200 km s−1) component, intermediate width (3000 – 8000 km s−1) and broad component in absorption. Temporal evolution of the Hα profile favours a disk-like CSM geometry. Hydrodynamical modelling of the lightcurve well reproduces a two-component CSM structure with different densities (p ∝ r−2 – p ∝ r−5), mass-loss rates (10−3 – 10−1 M☉ yr−1) assuming a wind velocity of 1000 km s−1 and having a CSM mass of 0.18 M☉. The overall evolution indicates that SN 2021foa most likely originated from a LBV star transitioning to a WR star with the mass-loss rate increasing in the period from 5 to 0.5 years before the explosion or it could be due to a binary interaction. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photometry

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Measurement of inclusive jet cross section and substructure in p+p collisions at √s = 200 GeV

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Abdulameer, N.J. Acharya, U. Aidala, C. Ajitanand, N.N. Akiba, Y. Akimoto, R. Alexander, J. Alfred, M. Andrieux, V. Antsupov, S. Aoki, K. Apadula, N. Asano, H. Atomssa, E.T. Awes, T.C. Azmoun, B. Babintsev, V. Bai, M. Bai, X. Bandara, N.S. Bannier, B. Bannikov, E. Barish, K.N. Bathe, S. Baublis, V. Baumann, C. Baumgart, S. Bazilevsky, A. Beaumier, M. Belmont, R. Berdnikov, A. Berdnikov, Y. Bichon, L. Black, D. Blankenship, B. Blau, D.S. Bok, J.S. Borisov, V. Boyle, K. Brooks, M.L. Bryslawskyj, J. Buesching, H. Bumazhnov, V. Butsyk, S. Campbell, S. Cervantes, R. Chen, C.-H. Chen, D. Chiu, M. Chi, C.Y. Choi, I.J. Choi, J.B. Choi, S. Christiansen, P. Chujo, T. Cianciolo, V. Citron, Z. Cole, B.A. Connors, M. Corliss, R. Cronin, N. Crossette, N. Csanád, M. Csörgo, T. D’Orazio, L. Danley, T.W. Datta, A. Daugherity, M.S. David, G. DeBlasio, K. Dehmelt, K. Denisov, A. Deshpande, A. Desmond, E.J. Ding, L. Dion, A. Dixit, D. Doomra, V. Do, J.H. Drapier, O. Drees, A. Drees, K.A. Durham, J.M. Durum, A. En’yo, H. Engelmore, T. Enokizono, A. Esha, R. Eyser, K.O. Fadem, B. Fan, W. Feege, N. Fields, D.E. Finger, M. Finger, M. Firak, D. Fitzgerald, D. Fleuret, F. Fokin, S.L. Frantz, J.E. Franz, A. Frawley, A.D. Fukao, Y. Fukuda, Y. Fusayasu, T. Gainey, K. Gallus, P. Gal, C. Garg, P. Garishvili, A. Garishvili, I. Ge, H. Giordano, F. Glenn, A. Gong, X. Gonin, M. Goto, Y. de Cassagnac, R. Granier Grau, N. Greene, S.V. Perdekamp, M. Grosse Gunji, T. Guo, T. Guragain, H. Gu, Y. Hachiya, T. Haggerty, J.S. Hahn, K.I. Hamagaki, H. Hamilton, H.F. Hanks, J. Han, S.Y. Hasegawa, S. Haseler, T.O.S. Hashimoto, K. Hayano, R. Hemmick, T.K. Hester, T. He, X. Hill, J.C. Hill, K. Hodges, A. Hollis, R.S. Homma, K. Hong, B. Hoshino, T. Hotvedt, N. Huang, J. Ichihara, T. Ikeda, Y. Imai, K. Imazu, Y. Inaba, M. Iordanova, A. Isenhower, D. Isinhue, A. Ivanishchev, D. Jeon, S.J. Jezghani, M. Abilene Christian University AbileneTX79699 United States Department of Physics Augustana University Sioux FallsSD57197 United States Department of Physics Banaras Hindu University Varanasi221005 India Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Bombay400 085 India Baruch College City University of New York New YorkNY10010 United States Collider-Accelerator Department Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973-5000 United States Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY11973-5000 United States University of California-Riverside RiversideCA92521 United States Charles University Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Troja Prague180 00 Czech Republic Science and Technology on Nuclear Data Laboratory China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing102413 China Center for Nuclear Study Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Nevis Laboratories IrvingtonNY10533 United States Czech Technical University Zikova 4 Prague 6166 36 Czech Republic Debrecen University Egyetem tér 1 DebrecenH-4010 Hungary ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány P. s. 1/A BudapestH-1117 Hungary Ewha Womans University Seoul120-750 Korea Republic of Florida State University TallahasseeFL32306 United States Georgia State University AtlantaGA30303 United States Hanyang University Seoul133-792 Korea Republic of Hiroshima University Hiroshima Higashi-Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy Howard University WashingtonDC20059 United States HUN-REN ATOMKI Bem tér 18/c DebrecenH-4026 Hungary IHEP Protvino State Research Center of Russian Federation Institute for High Energy Physics Protvino142281 Russia University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaIL61801 United States Institute for Nuclear Research The Russian Academy of Sciences prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a Moscow117312 R

The jet cross section and jet-substructure observables in p+p collisions at √s = 200 GeV were measured by the PHENIX Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Jets are reconstructed from charged-particle tracks and electromagnetic-calorimeter clusters using the anti-kt algorithm with a jet radius R = 0.3 for jets with transverse momentum within 8.0 T g), charged-particle transverse momentum with respect to jet axis (jT), and radial distributions of charged particles within jets (r). Also measured was the distribution of ξ = −ln(z), where z is the fraction of the jet momentum carried by the charged particle. The measurements are compared to theoretical next-to and next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations, pythia event generator, and to other existing experimental results. Indicated from these measurements is a lower particle multiplicity in jets at RHIC energies when compared to models. Also noted are implications for future jet measurements with sPHENIX at RHIC as well as at the future Election-Ion Collider. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Momentum

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A multi-frequency study of sub-parsec jets with the Event Horizon Telescope

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Röder, Jan Wielgus, Maciek Lobanov, Andrei P. Krichbaum, Thomas P. Nair, Dhanya G. Lee, Sang-Sung Ros, Eduardo Fish, Vincent L. Blackburn, Lindy Chan, Chi-Kwan Issaoun, Sara Janssen, Michael Johnson, Michael D. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Bower, Geoffrey C. Crew, Geoffrey B. Tilanus, Remo P.J. Savolainen, Tuomas Impellizzeri, C.M. Violette Alberdi, Antxon Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Gómez, José L. Lu, Ru-Sen Paraschos, Georgios F. Traianou, Efthalia Goddi, Ciriaco Kim, Daewon Lisakov, Mikhail Kovalev, Yuri Y. Voitsik, Petr A. Sokolovsky, Kirill V. Akiyama, Kazunori Albentosa-Ruíz, Ezequiel Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bremer, Michael Brinkerink, Christiaan D. Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Byun, Do-Young Carlstrom, John E. Ceccobello, Chiara Chael, Andrew Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Cordes, James M. Crawford, Thomas M. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Curd, Brandon Dahale, Rohan Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Dihingia, Indu K. Dougall, Sean Taylor Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fomalont, Edward H. Ford, Alyson Foschi, Marianna Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Gold, Roman Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Haworth, Kari Hecht, Michael H. Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Inoue, Makoto James, David J. Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Astronomy Department Universidad de Concepción Casilla 160-C Concepción Chile Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute Daedeok-daero 776 Yuseong-gu Daejeon34055 Korea Republic of Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Data Science Institute University of Arizona 1230 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona 617 N. Santa Rita TucsonAZ85721 United States NASA Hubble Fellowship Program United States Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 645 N. A’ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Hawaii at Manoa 2505 Correa Road HonoluluHI96822 United States Leiden Observatory Leiden University Postbus 2300 Leiden9513 RA Netherlands Postbus 93138 Den Haag2509 AC Netherlands Aalto University Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering PL 15500 AaltoFI-00076 Finland Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 KylmäläFI-02540 Finland National Radio Astronomy Observatory 520 Edgemont Road CharlottesvilleVA22903 United States Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory OnsalaSE-43992 Sweden Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences 80 Nandan Road Shanghai200030 China Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Chinese Academy of Scien

Context. The 2017 observing campaign of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) delivered the first very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) images at the observing frequency of 230 GHz, leading to a number of unique studies on black holes and relativistic jets from active galactic nuclei (AGN). In total, eighteen sources were observed, including the main science targets, Sgr A* and M 87 and various calibrators. Sixteen sources were AGN. Aims. We investigated the morphology of the sixteen AGN in the EHT 2017 data set, focusing on the properties of the VLBI cores: size, flux density, and brightness temperature. We studied their dependence on the observing frequency in order to compare it with the Blandford-Königl (BK) jet model. In particular, we aimed to study the signatures of jet acceleration and magnetic energy conversion. Methods. We modeled the source structure of seven AGN in the EHT 2017 data set using linearly polarized circular Gaussian components (1749+096, 1055+018, BL Lac, J0132–1654, J0006–0623, CTA 102, 3C 454.3) and collected results for the other nine AGN from dedicated EHT publications, complemented by lower frequency data in the 2-86 GHz range. Combining these data into a multi-frequency EHT+ data set, we studied the dependences of the VLBI core component flux density, size, and brightness temperature on the frequency measured in the AGN host frame (and hence on the distance from the central black hole), characterizing them with power law fits. We compared the observations with the BK jet model and estimated the magnetic field strength dependence on the distance from the central black hole. Results. Our observations spanning event horizon- to parsec scales indicate a deviation from the standard BK model, particularly in the decrease of the brightness temperature with the observing frequency. Only some of the discrepancies may be alleviated by tweaking the model parameters or the jet collimation profile. Either bulk acceleration of the jet material, energ

关键词： Luminance

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Radiopurity of NaI(Tl) crystals for PICOLON dark matter experiment

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Kotera, K. Chernyak, D. Ejiri, H. Fushimi, K. Hata, K. Hazama, R. Iida, T. Ikeda, H. Imagawa, K. Inoue, K. Ito, H. Kishimoto, T. Koga, M. Kozlov, A. Nakamura, K. Orito, R. Shima, T. Takemoto, Y. Umehara, S. Urano, Y. Yasuda, K. Yoshida, S. Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science for Innovation Tokushima University 2-1 Minami Josanjimacho Tokushima Tokushima770-8506 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Alabama TuscaloosaAL35487 United States Research Center for Nuclear Physics Osaka University 10-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka567-0047 Japan Department of Physics Tokushima University Tokushima University 2-1 Minami Josanjimacho Tokushima Tokushima770-8506 Japan Research Center for Neutrino Science Tohoku University 6-3AramakiAzaAoba Aobaku Miyagi Sendai980-8578 Japan Department of Environmental Science and Technology Osaka Sangyo University 3-1-1 Nakagaito Daito Osaka574-8530 Japan Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennoudai Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8571 Japan I.S.C.Lab 5-15-24 Torikai Honmachi Settsu Osaka566-0052 Japan 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa Chiba277-8583 Japan Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science Chiba Noda278-8510 Japan Department of Physics Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho Toyonaka Osaka560-0043 Japan Moscow115409 Russia Butsuryo College of Osaka 3-33 Ohtori Kitamachi Nishi ward Sakai Osaka593-8328 Japan Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University 2-6 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka565-0871 Japan Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aobaku Miyagi Sendai980-8577 Japan

The dark matter observation claim by the DAMA/LIBRA collaboration has been a longstanding puzzle within the particle physics community. Efforts of other research groups to verify the claim have been insufficient by significant radioactivity of present NaI(Tl) crystals. PICOLON (Pure Inorganic Crystal Observatory for LOw-energy Neut(ra)lino) experiment conducts independent search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) using NaI(Tl) crystals. Our NaI(Tl) crystal manufactured in 2020 (Ingot #85) reached the same purity level as DAMA/LIBRA crystals. In this report, we describe the radiopurity of the new Ingot #94 crystal produced using the same purification technique as Ingot #85. The α-ray events were selected by pulse-shape discrimination method. The impurities in the Ingot #94, 232Th, 226Ra and 210Po radioactivity were 4.6 ± 1.2 µBq/kg, 7.9 ± 4.4 µBq/kg, and 19 ± 6 µBq/kg, which are equivalent to those of the DAMA/LIBRA crystals. The background rate in the energy region of 2–6 keVee, was 2–5 events/(d · kg · keV) without applying a veto trigger. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Galaxies

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The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M 87: I. Observations, calibration, imaging, and analysis*

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astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年 681卷

作者： Akiyama, Kazunori Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Boyce, Hope Bremer, Michael Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Carlstrom, John E. Chael, Andrew Chan, Chi-Kwan Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Dahale, Rohan Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Dihingia, Indu K. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Edward Ford, H. Alyson Foschi, Marianna Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gold, Roman Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gómez, José L. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Violette Impellizzeri, C.M. Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 Bonn53121 Germany Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San AntonioTX78249 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei10617 Taiwan Departament d'Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr. Moliner 50 València Burjassot46100 Spain Observatori Astronòmic Universitat de València C. Catedrático José Beltrán 2 València Paterna46980 Spain Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory Onsala43992 Sweden Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Yale Center for Astronomy & Astrophysics Yale University 52 Hillhouse Avenue New HavenCT06511 United States Astronomy Department Universidad de Concepción Casilla 160 Concepción Chile Department of Physics University of Illinois 1110 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory MS209 PO Box 500 BataviaIL60510 United States Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue ChicagoIL60637 United States East Asian Observatory 660 N. A'ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States 660 N. A'ohoku Place HiloHI96720 Uni

In April 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration reported the first-ever event-horizon-scale images of a black hole, resolving the central compact radio source in the giant elliptical galaxy M 87. These images reveal a ring with a southerly brightness distribution and a diameter of ∼42 μas, consistent with the predicted size and shape of a shadow produced by the gravitationally lensed emission around a supermassive black hole. These results were obtained as part of the April 2017 EHT observation campaign, using a global very long baseline interferometric radio array operating at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. Here, we present results based on the second EHT observing campaign, taking place in April 2018 with an improved array, wider frequency coverage, and increased bandwidth. In particular, the additional baselines provided by the Greenland telescope improved the coverage of the array. Multiyear EHT observations provide independent snapshots of the horizon-scale emission, allowing us to confirm the persistence, size, and shape of the black hole shadow, and constrain the intrinsic structural variability of the accretion flow. We have confirmed the presence of an asymmetric ring structure, brighter in the southwest, with a median diameter of 43.3-3.1+1.5 μas. The diameter of the 2018 ring is remarkably consistent with the diameter obtained from the previous 2017 observations. On the other hand, the position angle of the brightness asymmetry in 2018 is shifted by about 30 relative to 2017. The perennial persistence of the ring and its diameter robustly support the interpretation that the ring is formed by lensed emission surrounding a Kerr black hole with a mass ∼6.5× 109M. The significant change in the ring brightness asymmetry implies a spin axis that is more consistent with the position angle of the large-scale jet. © 2023 The Author(s).

关键词： Gravitation

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Low-pT direct-photon production in Au+Au collisions at sNN=39 and 62.4 GeV

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Physical Review C 2023年第2期107卷 024914-024914页

作者： N. J. Abdulameer U. Acharya A. Adare C. Aidala N. N. Ajitanand Y. Akiba R. Akimoto H. Al-Ta'ani J. Alexander M. Alfred A. Angerami K. Aoki N. Apadula Y. Aramaki H. Asano E. C. Aschenauer E. T. Atomssa T. C. Awes B. Azmoun V. Babintsev M. Bai B. Bannier K. N. Barish B. Bassalleck S. Bathe V. Baublis S. Baumgart A. Bazilevsky R. Belmont A. Berdnikov Y. Berdnikov L. Bichon B. Blankenship D. S. Blau J. S. Bok V. Borisov K. Boyle M. L. Brooks H. Buesching V. Bumazhnov S. Butsyk S. Campbell V. Canoa Roman P. Castera C.-H. Chen M. Chiu C. Y. Chi I. J. Choi J. B. Choi S. Choi R. K. Choudhury P. Christiansen T. Chujo O. Chvala V. Cianciolo Z. Citron B. A. Cole M. Connors R. Corliss Y. Corrales Morales M. Csanád T. Csörgő L. D'Orazio S. Dairaku A. Datta M. S. Daugherity G. David C. T. Dean A. Denisov A. Deshpande E. J. Desmond K. V. Dharmawardane O. Dietzsch L. Ding A. Dion M. Donadelli V. Doomra O. Drapier A. Drees K. A. Drees J. M. Durham A. Durum S. Edwards Y. V. Efremenko T. Engelmore A. Enokizono R. Esha K. O. Eyser B. Fadem W. Fan D. E. Fields M. Finger, Jr. M. Finger D. Firak D. Fitzgerald F. Fleuret S. L. Fokin J. E. Frantz A. Franz A. D. Frawley Y. Fukao T. Fusayasu K. Gainey C. Gal A. Garishvili I. Garishvili M. Giles A. Glenn X. Gong M. Gonin Y. Goto R. Granier de Cassagnac N. Grau S. V. Greene M. Grosse Perdekamp T. Gunji L. Guo H.-Å. Gustafsson T. Hachiya J. S. Haggerty K. I. Hahn H. Hamagaki J. Hanks M. Harvey S. Hasegawa K. Hashimoto E. Haslum R. Hayano T. K. Hemmick T. Hester X. He J. C. Hill A. Hodges R. S. Hollis K. Homma B. Hong T. Horaguchi Y. Hori J. Huang T. Ichihara H. Iinuma Y. Ikeda J. Imrek M. Inaba A. Iordanova D. Isenhower M. Issah D. Ivanishchev B. V. Jacak M. Javani X. Jiang Z. Ji B. M. Johnson K. S. Joo D. Jouan D. S. Jumper J. Kamin S. Kaneti B. H. Kang J. H. Kang J. S. Kang J. Kapustinsky K. Karatsu M. Kasai D. Kawall A. V. Kazantsev T. Kempel V. Khachatryan A. Khanzadeev A. Khatiwada K. M. Kijima B. I. Kim C. Kim D. J. Kim E.-J. Kim H. J. Kim K.-B. Kim T. Kim Y.-J. Kim Y. K. Kim D. Kincses Debrecen University H-4010 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1 Hungary Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia 30303 USA University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1040 USA Chemistry Department Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794-3400 USA RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan RIKEN BNL Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Center for Nuclear Study Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Howard University Washington DC 20059 USA Columbia University New York New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories Irvington New York 10533 USA KEK High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794-3800 USA Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA IHEP Protvino State Research Center of Russian Federation Institute for High Energy Physics Protvino 142281 Russia Collider-Accelerator Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA University of California-Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA Baruch College City University of New York New York New York 10010 USA PNPI Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Gatchina Leningrad region 188300 Russia Physics and Astronomy Department University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro North Carolina 27412 USA Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235 USA Saint

The measurement of direct photons from Au+Au collisions at sNN=39 and 62.4 GeV in the transverse-momentum range 0.4<pT<3Gev/c is presented by the PHENIX collaboration at the BNLRelativistic Heavy Ion Collider. A... 详细信息

The measurement of direct photons from Au+Au collisions at sNN=39 and 62.4 GeV in the transverse-momentum range 0.4

关键词： Photon, lepton & quark production Relativistic heavy-ion collisions Hadron colliders

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First Measurement of A=4 Hypernuclei and Antihypernuclei at the LHC

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Physical Review Letters 2025年第16期134卷 162301-162301页

作者： S. Acharya A. Agarwal G. Aglieri Rinella L. Aglietta M. Agnello N. Agrawal Z. Ahammed S. Ahmad S. U. Ahn I. Ahuja A. Akindinov V. Akishina M. Al-Turany D. Aleksandrov B. Alessandro H. M. Alfanda R. Alfaro Molina B. Ali A. Alici N. Alizadehvandchali A. Alkin J. Alme G. Alocco T. Alt A. R. Altamura I. Altsybeev J. R. Alvarado C. O. R. Alvarez M. N. Anaam C. Andrei N. Andreou A. Andronic E. Andronov V. Anguelov F. Antinori P. Antonioli N. Apadula L. Aphecetche H. Appelshäuser C. Arata S. Arcelli R. Arnaldi J. G. M. C. A. Arneiro I. C. Arsene M. Arslandok A. Augustinus R. Averbeck D. Averyanov M. D. Azmi H. Baba A. Badalà J. Bae Y. W. Baek X. Bai R. Bailhache Y. Bailung R. Bala A. Balbino A. Baldisseri B. Balis Z. Banoo V. Barbasova F. Barile L. Barioglio M. Barlou B. Barman G. G. Barnaföldi L. S. Barnby E. Barreau V. Barret L. Barreto C. Bartels K. Barth E. Bartsch N. Bastid S. Basu G. Batigne D. Battistini B. Batyunya D. Bauri J. L. Bazo Alba I. G. Bearden C. Beattie P. Becht D. Behera I. Belikov A. D. C. Bell Hechavarria F. Bellini R. Bellwied S. Belokurova L. G. E. Beltran Y. A. V. Beltran G. Bencedi A. Bensaoula S. Beole Y. Berdnikov A. Berdnikova L. Bergmann M. G. Besoiu L. Betev P. P. Bhaduri A. Bhasin B. Bhattacharjee L. Bianchi J. Bielčík J. Bielčíková A. P. Bigot A. Bilandzic G. Biro S. Biswas N. Bize J. T. Blair D. Blau M. B. Blidaru N. Bluhme C. Blume G. Boca F. Bock T. Bodova J. Bok L. Boldizsár M. Bombara P. M. Bond G. Bonomi H. Borel A. Borissov A. G. Borquez Carcamo E. Botta Y. E. M. Bouziani L. Bratrud P. Braun-Munzinger M. Bregant M. Broz G. E. Bruno V. D. Buchakchiev M. D. Buckland D. Budnikov H. Buesching S. Bufalino P. Buhler N. Burmasov Z. Buthelezi A. Bylinkin S. A. Bysiak J. C. Cabanillas Noris M. F. T. Cabrera M. Cai H. Caines A. Caliva E. Calvo Villar J. M. M. Camacho P. Camerini F. D. M. Canedo S. L. Cantway M. Carabas A. A. Carballo F. Carnesecchi R. Caron L. A. D. Carvalho J. Castillo Castellanos M. Castoldi F. Catalano S. Cattaruzzi R. Cerri I. Chakaberia P. Chakraborty S. Chandra S. Cha Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS/IN2P3 LPC Clermont-Ferrand France Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Homi Bhabha National Institute Kolkata India European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Geneva Switzerland Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN Turin Italy Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN Turin Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN Bologna Italy Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Daejeon Republic of Korea Faculty of Science P.J. Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Darmstadt Germany INFN Sezione di Torino Turin Italy Central China Normal University Wuhan China Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico University of Houston Houston Texas USA Sungkyunkwan University Suwon City Republic of Korea Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway INFN Sezione di Cagliari Cagliari Italy Institut für Kernphysik Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany INFN Sezione di Bari Bari Italy Physik Department Technische Universität München Munich Germany High Energy Physics Group Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest Romania University of Derby Derby United Kingdom Universität Münster Institut für Kernphysik Münster Germany Physikalisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany INFN Sezione di Padova Padova Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna Bologna Italy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA SUBATECH I

In this Letter, the first evidence of the He¯Λ¯4 antihypernucleus is presented, along with the first measurement at the LHC of the production of (anti)hypernuclei with mass number A=4, specifically (anti)HΛ4 and (anti)HeΛ4. In addition, the antiparticle-to-particle ratios for both hypernuclei (H¯Λ¯4/HΛ4 and He¯Λ¯4/HeΛ4) are shown, which are sensitive to the baryochemical potential of the strongly interacting matter created in heavy-ion collisions. The results are obtained from a data sample of central Pb-Pb collisions, collected during the 2018 LHC data taking at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sNN=5.02 TeV. The yields measured for the average of the charge-conjugated states are found to be [0.78±0.19(stat)±0.17(syst)]×10−6 for the (anti)HΛ4 and [1.08±0.34(stat)±0.20(syst)]×10−6 for the (anti)HeΛ4, and the measured antiparticle-to-particle ratios are in agreement with unity. The presence of (anti)HΛ4 and (anti)HeΛ4 excited states is expected to strongly enhance the production yield of these hypernuclei. The yield values exhibit a combined deviation of 3.3σ from the theoretical ground-state-only expectation, while the inclusion of the excited states in the calculations leads to an agreement within 0.6σ with the present measurements. Additionally, the measured (anti)HΛ4 and (anti)HeΛ4 masses are compatible with the world-average values within the uncertainties.

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First Very Long Baseline Interferometry Detections at 870 µm

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Raymond, Alexander W. Doeleman, Sheperd S. Asada, Keiichi Blackburn, Lindy Bower, Geoffrey C. Bremer, Michael Broguiere, Dominique Chen, Ming-Tang Crew, Geoffrey B. Dornbusch, Sven Fish, Vincent L. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Goddi, Ciriaco Han, Chih-Chiang Hecht, Michael H. Huang, Yau-De Janssen, Michael Keating, Garrett K. Koay, Jun Y.I. Krichbaum, Thomas P. Lo, Wen-Ping Matsushita, Satoki Matthews, Lynn D. Moran, James M. Norton, Timothy J. Patel, Nimesh Pesce, Dominic W. Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh Rottmann, Helge Roy, Alan L. Sánchez, Salvador Tilanus, Remo P.J. Titus, Michael Torne, Pablo Wagner, Jan Weintroub, Jonathan Wielgus, Maciek Young, André Akiyama, Kazunori Albentosa-Ruíz, Ezequiel Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Bandyopadhyay, Bidisha Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blundell, Raymond Bouman, Katherine L. Boyce, Hope Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Carlstrom, John E. Chael, Andrew Chan, Chi-Kwan Chang, Dominic O. Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Yongjun Cheng, Xiaopeng Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Crawford, Thomas M. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Dahale, Rohan Davelaar, Jordy de Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dexter, Jason Dhruv, Vedant Dihingia, Indu K. Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Farah, Joseph Fomalont, Edward Fontana, Anne-Laure Ford, H. Alyson Foschi, Marianna Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Fuentes, Antonio Galison, Peter Gammie, Charles F. Georgiev, Boris Gold, Roman Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gómez, José L. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Hesper, Ronald Heumann, Dirk Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Impellizzeri, C.M. Violette Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei106216 Taiwan Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 645 N. A’ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Hawaii at Manoa 2505 Correa Road HonoluluHI96822 United States Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique 300 rue de la Piscine Saint Martin d’HèresF-38406 France Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Cagliari SP Monserrato-Sestu km 0.7 MonserratoI-09042 Italy INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari Via della Scienza 5 CA Selargius09047 Italy Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 Nijmegen6500 GL Netherlands Department of Physics National Taiwan University No.1 Sect.4 Roosevelt Rd. Taipei106216 Taiwan Astronomy Department Universidad de Concepción Casilla 160-C Concepción Chile Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO University of Turku FI-20014 Finland Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory Metsähovintie 114 KylmäläFI-02540 Finland Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique Avenida Divina Pastora 7 Local 20 GranadaE-18012 Spain Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica Universitat de València C. Dr. Moliner 50 Burjassot ValènciaE-46100 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Department of Phy

The first very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) detections at 870 µm wavelength (345 GHz frequency) are reported, achieving the highest diffraction-limited angular resolution yet obtained from the surface of the Earth, and the highest-frequency example of the VLBI technique to date. These include strong detections for multiple sources observed on inter-continental baselines between telescopes in Chile, Hawaii, and Spain, obtained during observations in October 2018. The longest-baseline detections approach 11 Gλ corresponding to an angular resolution, or fringe spacing, of 19 µas. The Allan deviation of the visibility phase at 870 µm is comparable to that at 1.3 mm on the relevant integration time scales between 2 and 100 s. The detections confirm that the sensitivity and signal chain stability of stations in the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) array are suitable for VLBI observations at 870 µm. Operation at this short wavelength, combined with anticipated enhancements of the EHT, will lead to a unique high angular resolution instrument for black hole studies, capable of resolving the event horizons of supermassive black holes in both space and time. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Black holes

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Constraints on VHE gamma-ray emission of Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars with the MAGIC telescopes

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Abe, S. Abhir, J. Abhishek, A. Acciari, V.A. Aguasca-Cabot, A. Agudo, I. Aniello, T. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Engels, A. Arbet Arcaro, C. Artero, M. Asano, K. Babić, A. Baquero, A. de Almeida, U. Barres Barrio, J.A. Batković, I. Bautista, A. Baxter, J. González, J. Becerra Bednarek, W. Bernardini, E. Bernete, J. Berti, A. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Bronzini, E. Burelli, I. Busetto, G. Buson, S. Campoy-Ordaz, A. Carosi, A. Carosi, R. Carretero-Castrillo, M. Castro-Tirado, A.J. Cerasole, D. Ceribella, G. Chai, Y. Cifuentes, A. Ciprini, S. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. D’Amico, G. D’Ammando, F. D’Elia, V. Da Vela, P. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. De Lotto, B. de Menezes, R. Del Popolo, A. Delfino, M. Delgado, J. Mendez, C. Delgado Di Pierro, F. Di Tria, R. Di Venere, L. Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsaesser, D. Escudero, J. Fariña, L. Fattorini, A. Foffano, L. Font, L. Fröse, S. Fukami, S. Fukazawa, Y. López, R.J. García Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Paiva, J.G. Giesbrecht Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Gradetzke, T. Grau, R. Green, D. Green, J.G. Günther, P. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Heckmann, L. Herrera, J. Hrupec, D. Hütten, M. Imazawa, R. Ishio, K. Martínez, I. Jiménez Jormanainen, J. Kayanoki, T. Kerszberg, D. Kobayashi, Y. Kouch, P.M. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Láinez, M. Lamastra, A. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Linhoff, L. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Coto, R. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Lorini, A. Lyard, E. de Oliveira Fraga, B. Machado Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Maneva, G. Mang, N. Manganaro, M. Mangano, S. Mannheim, K. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Martínez-Chicharro, M. Mas-Aguilar, A. Mazin, D. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Miceli, D. Miener, T. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, R. González, M. Molero Molina, E. Mondal, H.A. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, D. Nakamori, T. Nanci, C. Neustroev, V. Nickel, L. Rosillo, M. Nievas Nigro, C. Nikolić, L. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. The University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan ETH Zürich ZürichCH-8093 Switzerland Università di Siena INFN Pisa SienaI-53100 Italy Bellaterra BarcelonaE-08193 Spain Universitat de Barcelona ICCUB IEEC-UB BarcelonaE-08028 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain RomeI-00136 Italy Università di Udine INFN Trieste UdineI-33100 Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Physik GarchingD-85748 Germany Università di Padova INFN PadovaI-35131 Italy Zagreb10000 Croatia IPARCOS Institute EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid MadridE-28040 Spain URCA RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Dpto. de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife La LagunaE-38200 Spain University of Lodz Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics Department of Astrophysics Lodz90-236 Poland Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas MadridE-28040 Spain Departament de Física CERES-IEEC Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona BellaterraE-08193 Spain Università di Pisa INFN Pisa PisaI-56126 Italy INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Bari Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari BariI-70125 Italy Department for Physics and Technology University of Bergen Norway INFN MAGIC Group INFN Sezione di Torino Università degli Studi di Torino TorinoI-10125 Italy Universität Würzburg WürzburgD-97074 Germany Technische Universität Dortmund DortmundD-44221 Germany Japanese MAGIC Group: Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8526 Japan ZeuthenD-15738 Germany Armenian MAGIC Group: ICRANet-Armenia Yerevan0019 Armenia Croatian MAGIC Group Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Department of Physics Osijek31000 Croatia Finnish MAGIC Group Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Turku T

Flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) constitute a class of jetted active galaxies characterized by a very luminous accretion disk, prominent and rapidly moving line-emitting cloud structures (Broad Line Region, BLR), and a surrounding dense dust structure known as dusty torus. The intense radiation field of the accretion disk strongly determines the observational properties of FSRQs. While hundreds of such sources have been detected at GeV energies, only a handful of them exhibit emission in the very-high-energy (VHE, E 100 GeV) range. This study presents the results and interpretation derived from a cumulative observation period of 174 hours dedicated to nine FSRQs conducted with the MAGIC telescopes from 2008 to 2020. Our findings indicate no statistically significant (≥ 5 σ) signal for any of the studied sources, resulting in upper limits on the emission within the VHE energy range. In two of the sources, we derived quite stringent constraints on the γ-ray emission in the form of upper limits. Our analysis focuses on modeling the VHE emission of these two sources in search for hints of absorption signatures within the broad line region (BLR) radiation field. For these particular sources, constraints on the distance between the emission region and the central black hole are derived using a phenomenological model. Subsequently, these constraints are tested using a framework based on a leptonic model. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Germanium alloys

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Roadmap on Nonlocality in Photonic Materials and Metamaterials

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Monticone, Francesco Mortensen, N. Asger Fernández-Domínguez, Antonio I. Luo, Yu Tserkezis, Christos Khurgin, Jacob B. Shahbazyan, Tigran V. Chaves, André J. Peres, Nuno M.R. Wegner, Gino Busch, Kurt Hu, Huatian della Sala, Fabio Zhang, Pu Ciracì, Cristian Aizpurua, Javier Babaze, Antton Borisov, Andrei G. Chen, Xue-Wen Christensen, Thomas Yan, Wei Yang, Yi Hohenester, Ulrich Huber, Lorenz Wubs, Martijn de Liberato, Simone Gonçalves, P.A.D. de Abajo, F. Javier García Hess, Ortwin Tarasenko, Illya Cox, Joel D. Jelver, Line Dias, Eduardo J.C. Sánchez, Miguel Sánchez Margetis, Dionisios Gómez-Santos, Guillermo Stauber, Tobias Tretyakov, Sergei Simovski, Constantin Pakniyat, Samaneh Gómez-Díaz, J. Sebastián Bondarev, Igor V. Biehs, Svend-Age Boltasseva, Alexandra Shalaev, Vladimir M. Krasavin, Alexey V. Zayats, Anatoly V. Alù, Andrea Song, Jung-Hwan Brongersma, Mark L. Levy, Uriel Long, Olivia Y. Guo, Cheng Fan, Shanhui Bozhevolnyi, Sergey I. Overvig, Adam Prudêncio, Filipa R. Silveirinha, Mário G. Gangaraj, S. Ali Hassani Argyropoulos, Christos Huidobro, Paloma A. Galiffi, Emanuele Yang, Fan Pendry, John B. Miller, David A.B. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States POLIMA Center for Polariton-driven Light–Matter Interactions University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 Odense MDK-5230 Denmark D-IAS—Danish Institute for Advanced Study University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 Odense MDK-5230 Denmark Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada Universidad Autónoma de Madrid MadridE-28049 Spain Universidad Autónoma de Madrid MadridE-28049 Spain School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics Ministry of Education College of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing211106 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States Department of Physics Jackson State University JacksonMS39217 United States Department of Physics Aeronautics Institute of Technology SP So Jos dos Campos12228-900 Brazil Departamento de Física Universidade do Minho BragaP-4710-057 Portugal Av Mestre José Veiga Braga4715-330 Portugal Max-Born-Institut Berlin12489 Germany Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Institut für Physik AG Theoretische Optik and Photonik Berlin12489 Germany Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Barsanti 14 Arnesano73010 Italy Via Monteroni Campus Unisalento Lecce73100 Italy School of physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Luoyu Road 1037 Wuhan430074 China Donostia International Physics Center DIPC Donostia-San Sebastián20018 Spain Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao48009 Spain Department of Electricity and Electronics University of the Basque Country Leioa48940 Spain Department of Applied Physics University of the Basque Country Donostia20018 Spain Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut des Scienc

Photonic technologies continue to drive the quest for new optical materials with unprecedented responses. A major frontier in this field is the exploration of nonlocal (spatially dispersive) materials, going beyond the local, wavevector-independent assumption traditionally made in optical material modeling. On one end, the growing interest in plasmonic, polaritonic and quantum materials has revealed naturally occurring nonlocalities, emphasizing the need for more accurate models to predict and design their optical responses. This has major implications also for topological, nonreciprocal, and time-varying systems based on these material platforms. Beyond natural materials, artificially structured materials—metamaterials and metasurfaces–can provide even stronger and engineered nonlocal effects, emerging from long-range interactions or multipolar effects. This is a rapidly expanding area in the field of photonic metamaterials, with open frontiers yet to be explored. In the case of metasurfaces, in particular, nonlocality engineering has become a powerful tool for designing strongly wavevector-dependent responses, enabling enhanced wavefront control, spatial compression, multifunctional devices, and wave-based computing. Furthermore, nonlocality and related concepts play a critical role in defining the ultimate limits of what is possible in optics, photonics, and wave physics. This Roadmap aims to survey the most exciting developments in nonlocal photonic materials, highlight new opportunities and open challenges, and chart new pathways that will drive this emerging field forward–toward new scientific discoveries and technological advancements. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanocrystals

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