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作者： Lawrie, Benjamin Mu, Richard Haglund, Richard Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States Department of Physics Fisk University Nashville TN 37208 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States

Transmission and reflection pump-probe-spectroscopy on ZnO/MgO heterostructures demonstrate a 600fs excitonic decay to impurity bound states located near the ZnO/MgO interface. Surface-plasmon-polaritons supported on ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557529107

关键词： Zinc oxide

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TOI-2015 b: A sub-Neptune in strong gravitational interaction with an outer non-transiting planet

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astronomy and Astrophysics 2025年 695卷

作者： Barkaoui, K. Korth, J. Gaidos, E. Agol, E. Parviainen, H. Pozuelos, F.J. Palle, E. Narita, N. Grimm, S. Brady, M. Bean, J.L. Morello, G. Rackham, B.V. Burgasser, A.J. Van Grootel, V. Rojas-Ayala, B. Seifahrt, A. Marfil, E. Passegger, V.M. Stalport, M. Gillon, M. Collins, K.A. Shporer, A. Giacalone, S. Yalçinkaya, S. Ducrot, E. Timmermans, M. Triaud, A.H.M.J. De Wit, J. Soubkiou, A. Watkins, C.N. Aganze, C. Alonso, R. Amado, P.J. Basant, R. Baştürk, Ö. Benkhaldoun, Z. Burdanov, A. Calatayud-Borras, Y. Chouqar, J. Conti, D.M. Collins, K.I. Davoudi, F. Delrez, L. Dressing, C.D. De Leon, J. Dévora-Pajares, M. Demory, B.O. Dransfield, G. Esparza-Borges, E. Fernández-Rodriguez, G. Fukuda, I. Fukui, A. Gallardo, P.P.M. Garcia, L. Garcia, N.A. Ghachoui, M. Geraldía-González, S. Gómez Maqueo Chew, Y. González-Rodríguez, J. Günther, M.N. Hayashi, Y. Horne, K. Hooton, M.J. Hsu, C.C. Ikuta, K. Isogai, K. Jehin, E. Jenkins, J.M. Kawauchi, K. Kagetani, T. Kawai, Y. Kasper, D. Kielkopf, J.F. Klagyivik, P. Lacedelli, G. Latham, D.W. Libotte, F. Luque, R. Livingston, J.H. Mancini, L. Massey, B. Mori, M. Muñoz Torres, S. Murgas, F. Niraula, P. Orell-Miquel, J. Rapetti, David Rebolo-López, R. Ricker, G. Papini, R. Pedersen, P.P. Peláez-Torres, A. Pérez-Prieto, J.A. Poultourtzidis, E. Rodriguez, P.M. Queloz, D. Savel, A.B. Schanche, N. Sánchez-Benavente, M. Sibbald, L. Sefako, R. Sohy, S. Sota, A. Schwarz, R.P. Seager, S. Sebastian, D. Southworth, J. Stangret, M. Stefánsson, G. Stürmer, J. Srdoc, G. Thompson, S.J. Terada, Y. Vanderspek, R. Wang, G. Watanabe, N. Wilkin, F.P. Winn, J. Wells, R.D. Ziegler, C. Zúñiga-Fernández, S. Astrobiology Research Unit Université de Liège Allée du 6 Août 19C Liège4000 Belgium Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue CambridgeMA02139 United States Calle Vía Láctea s/n Tenerife La Laguna38200 Spain Lund Observatory Division of Astrophysics Department of Physics Lund University Box 118 Lund22100 Sweden Department of Earth Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa 1680 East-West Rd HonoluluHI96822 United States Institute for Astrophysics University of Vienna Türkenschanzstrasse 17 Vienna1180 Austria Department of Astronomy and Astrobiology Program University of Washington Box 351580 SeattleWA98195 United States NExSS Virtual Planetary Laboratory University of Washington Box 351580 SeattleWA98195 United States Tenerife La LagunaE-38206 Spain Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain INAF-Palermo Astronomical Observatory Piazza del Parlamento 1 Palermo90134 Italy Komaba Institute for Science University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba Tokyo Meguro153-8902 Japan Astrobiology Center 2-21-1 Osawa Tokyo Mitaka181-8588 Japan Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science Universities Space Research Association WashingtonDC20024 United States Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics ETH Zürich OttoStern-Weg 5 Zürich8093 Switzerland Department of Astrophysics University of Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 Zürich8057 Switzerland Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics University of Chicago ChicagoIL United States Department of Physics Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Institute Université de Liège Allée du 6 Août 19C LiègeB-4000 Belgium Instituto de Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Casilla 7D Arica Chile Gemini Observatory/NSF NOIRLab 670 N. A'ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Departamento de Ingeniería Topográfica y Cartografía E.

TOI-2015 is a known exoplanetary system around an M4 dwarf star, consisting of a transiting sub-Neptune planet in a 3.35-day orbital period, TOI-2015 b, accompanied by a non-transiting companion, TOI-2015 c. High-precision radial-velocity measurements were taken with the MAROON-X spectrograph, and high-precision photometric data were collected, primarily using the SPECULOOS, MUSCAT, TRAPPIST and LCOGT networks. We collected 63 transit light curves and 49 different transit epochs for TOI-2015 b. We recharacterized the target star by combining optical spectra obtained by the MAROON-X, Shane/KAST and IRTF/SpeX spectrographs, Bayesian model averaging (BMA) and spectral energy distribution (SED) analysis. The TOI-2015 host star is a K = 10.3 mag M4-type dwarf with a subsolar metallicity of [Fe/H] =-0.31 ± 0.16, and an effective temperature of Teff ≈ 3200 K. Our photodynamical analysis of the system strongly favors the 5:3 mean-motion resonance and in this scenario the planet b (TOI-2015 b) has an orbital period of Pb = 3.34 days, a mass of Mp = 9.02-0.36+0.32M⊕, and a radius of Rp = 3.309-0.011+0.013R⊕, resulting in a density of ρp = 0.25 ± 0.01 ρ⊕ = 1.40 ± 0.06 g cm-3;this is indicative of a Neptune-like composition. Its transits exhibit large (> 1 hr) timing variations characteristic of an outer perturber in the system. We performed a global analysis of the high-resolution radial-velocity measurements, the photometric data, and the TTVs, and inferred that TOI-2015 hosts a second planet, TOI-2015 c, in a non-transiting configuration. Our analysis places it near a 5:3 resonance with an orbital period of Pc = 5.583 days and a mass of Mp = 8.91-0.40+0.38M⊕. The dynamical configuration of TOI-2015 b and TOI-2015 c can be used to constrain the system's planetary formation and migration history. Based on the mass-radius composition models, TOI-2015 b is a water-rich or rocky planet with a hydrogen-helium envelope. Moreover, TOI-2015 b has a high transmission-spectroscopic met

关键词： Velocity measurement

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Protocol for observing molecular dipole excitations by attosecond self-streaking

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Physical Review A 2015年第6期92卷 061403(R)-061403(R)页

作者： Georg Wachter Stefan Nagele Shunsuke A. Sato Renate Pazourek Michael Wais Christoph Lemell Xiao-Min Tong Kazuhiro Yabana Joachim Burgdörfer Institute for Theoretical Physics Vienna University of Technology 1040 Vienna Austria EU Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8571 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Center for Computational Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8577 Japan Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI) Debrecen H-4001 Hungary EU

We propose a protocol to probe the ultrafast evolution and dephasing of coherent electronic excitation in molecules in the time domain by the intrinsic streaking field generated by the molecule itself. Coherent electronic motion in the endohedral fullerene Ne@C60 is initiated by a moderately intense femtosecond UV-visible pulse leading to coherent oscillations of the molecular dipole moment that persist after the end of the laser pulse. The resulting time-dependent molecular near field is probed through the momentum modulation of photoemission from the central neon atom by a time-delayed attosecond XUV pulse. Our ab initio time-dependent density functional theory and classical trajectory simulations predict that this self-streaking signal accurately traces the molecular dipole oscillations in real time. We discuss the underlying processes and give an analytical model that captures the essence of our ab initio simulations.

关键词： Multiphoton or tunneling ionization & excitation Molecules Time-dependent DFT

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Time-Dependent Magnetic Flux in Devices for Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics

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Physical Review applied 2023年第3期19卷 034031-034031页

作者： Jacob Bryon D.K. Weiss Xinyuan You Sara Sussman Xanthe Croot Ziwen Huang Jens Koch Andrew A. Houck Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08540 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Physics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08540 USA Center for Applied Physics and Superconducting Technologies Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA

Recent theoretical work has highlighted that quantizing a superconducting circuit in the presence of time-dependent flux Φ(t) generally produces Hamiltonian terms proportional to dΦ/dt unless a special allocation of the flux across inductive terms is chosen. Here, we present an experiment probing the effects of a fast flux ramp applied to a heavy-fluxonium circuit. The experiment confirms that naïve omission of the dΦ/dt term leads to theoretical predictions inconsistent with experimental data. Experimental data are fully consistent with recent theory that includes the derivative term or equivalently uses “irrotational variables” that uniquely allocate the flux to properly eliminate the dΦ/dt term.

关键词： Circuit quantum electrodynamics Optoelectronics Quantum information with solid state qubits Quantum protocols Radio frequency techniques Superconducting qubits Waveguides Cavity resonators

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Manipulation of the nanoscale heliconical structure of a twist-bend nematic material with polarized light

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Physical Review Research 2020年第3期2卷 032004(R)-032004(R)页

作者： C. Feng J. Feng R. Saha Y. Arakawa J. Gleeson S. Sprunt C. Zhu A. Jákli Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Physics Kent State University Kent Ohio 44242 USA Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science Graduate School of Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology Toyohashi 441-8580 Japan

The effect of polarized violet light on the alignment and the heliconical pitch of a liquid crystal dimer containing both sulfur atoms and an azo linkage has been studied by tender resonant x-ray scattering. The results provide evidence of the manipulation of the nanoscale heliconical structure by polarized light. In addition to the bulk alignment of the heliconical nanostructure, the value of the heliconical pitch can be varied as well. After turning the light on, an increase of the pitch is observed in two steps. The increase with a subsecond timescale is attributed to the reduced heliconical order related to trans-cis photoisomerization. This is followed by a smaller increase over a 10-s timescale, which is likely related to the annihilation of defects. After turning the light off, the pitch first decreases within a few seconds to a value larger than the original (before illumination), and then relaxes further on a much longer (hours) timescale.

关键词： Chiral symmetry Dynamical phase transitions Twist deformation

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Plastic dispersion in Northeast Brazil beaches and plastic contaminant detection in Brazilian coast fishing nets

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Marine Pollution Bulletin 2025年 218卷 118221页

作者： Greici Gubert Bruna de Ramos Ronei Cardoso de Oliveira Karolliny Barbosa de Araújo Arthur Martins Gabriel Kátia Alves Ribeiro Emilly de Souza Cordeiro Daniele dos Santos Aragão José Domingos dos Santos Silva Monica Ferreira da Costa Emerson Rodrigues de Camargo Wallace Duarte Fragoso Sherlan Guimarães Lemos Ernesto Chaves Pereira de Souza Priscila Gubert Chemistry Department Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos Brazil Oceanography Department Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil Coastal Sea Geography Group Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research Seestrasse 15 18119 Rostock-Warnemünde Germany Postdoctoral Program in Physics Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos Brazil Keizo Asami Institute iLIKA Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil Graduate Program in Pure and Applied Chemistry POSQUIPA Federal University of Western of Bahia Bahia Brazil Department of Chemistry Federal University of Paraíba João Pessoa Brazil Graduate Program in Biology Applied to Health PPGBAS Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil

This study investigates the dispersion of floating plastic from Recife-PE harbor using a particle tracking model and examines contaminants in fishing nets collected from Brazilian beaches. Simulations were conducted for both dry and rainy seasons. Fishing nets were collected from eight beaches for analysis. The plastic movement simulation showed particles dispersed 0.41 km southward during the dry season and 177.50 km northward during the rainy season. Most particles (90 %) beached within the first week, indicating localized litter distribution. The study identified 14 pesticide residues in the collected nets, along with heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, and iron, detected via Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The pesticide and metal data were used to calculate the toxicological priority index (ToxPi), showing the sample from Joaquina-SC had the highest toxicity, while the sample from Sancho-PE had the lowest. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed pollution patterns, with potential associations between pesticides and metals. These findings raise concerns about the contaminants' impact on marine organisms and human health, highlighting the importance of understanding plastic pollution dynamics and associated risks. Also, the outcomes emphasize the need to reevaluate environmental regulations to better protect ecosystems and species from harmful pollutants, including plastics.

关键词： Fishing nets Contaminant Plastic Dispersion Pesticide Heavy metals

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The calculation of nucleon strangeness form factors from Nf = 2+1 clover fermion lattice QCD 27

The calculation of nucleon strangeness form factors from Nf ...

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27th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, LAT 2009

作者： Doi, T. Deka, M. Dong, S.-J. Draper, T. Liu, K.-F. Mankame, D. Mathur, N. Streuer, T. Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science University of Tsukuba Tennodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8571 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Kentucky LexingtonKY40506 United States Department of Theoretical Physics Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai40005 India Institute for Theoretical Physics University of Regensburg Regensburg93040 Germany

We study the strangeness electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon from the Nf = 2 + 1 clover fermion lattice QCD calculation. The disconnected insertions are evaluated using the Z(4) stochastic method, along with unbiased subtractions from the hopping parameter expansion. In addition to increasing the number of Z(4) noises, we find that increasing the number of nucleon sources for each configuration improves the signal significantly. We obtain Gs M(0) = 0.017(25)(07), where the first error is statistical, and the second is the uncertainties in Q2 and chiral extrapolations. This is consistent with experimental values, and has an order of magnitude smaller error. We also study the strangeness second moment of the partion distribution function of the nucleon, hx2is s. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence.

关键词： Distribution functions

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Fundamentals of crystalline Hopf insulators

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wang, Yuxin Tyner, Alexander C. Goswami, Pallab Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

Three-dimensional, crystalline Hopf insulators are generic members of unitary Wigner-Dyson class, which can break all global discrete symmetries and point group symmetries. In the absence of first Chern number for any two-dimensional plane of Brillouin zone, the Hopf invariant NH ∈ Z. But in the presence of Chern number NH ∈ Z2q, where q is the greatest common divisor of Chern numbers for xy, yz, and xz planes of Brillouin zone. How does NH affect topological quantization of isotropic, magneto-electric coefficient? We answer this question with calculations of Witten effect for a test, magnetic monopole. Furthermore, we construct N-band tight-binding models of Hopf insulators and demonstrate their topological stability against spectral flattening. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Dipolar Weyl semimetals

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Tyner, Alexander C. Sur, Shouvik Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

In Weyl semimetals, Weyl points act as monopoles and antimonopoles of the Berry curvature, with a monopole-antimonopole pair producing a net zero Berry flux. When inversion symmetry is preserved, the two-dimensional (2D) planes that separate a monopole-antimonopole pair of Weyl points carry quantized Berry flux. In this work, we introduce a class of symmetry-protected Weyl semimetals which host monopole-antimonopole pairs of Weyl points that generate a dipolar Berry flux. Thus, both monopolar and dipolar Berry fluxes coexist in the Brillouin zone, which results in two distinct types of topologically non-trivial planes separating the Weyl points, carrying either a quantized monopolar or a quantized dipolar flux. We construct a topological invariant – the staggered Chern number – to measure the latter, and employ it to topologically distinguish between various Weyl points. Finally, through a minimal two-band model, we investigate physical signatures of bulk topology, including surface Fermi arcs, zero-energy hinge states, and response to insertion of a π-flux vortex. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Fruits

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Part I: Staggered index and 3D winding number of Kramers-degenerate bands

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Tyner, Alexander C. Goswami, Pallab Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

For three-dimensional (3D) crystalline insulators, preserving space-inversion (P) and time-reversal (T ) symmetries, the third homotopy class of two-fold, Kramers-degenerate bands is described by a 3D winding number n3,j ∈ Z, where j is the band index. It governs space group symmetry-protected, instanton or tunneling configurations of SU(2) Berry connection, and the quantization of magneto-electric coefficient θj = n3,jπ. We show that |n3,j| for realistic, ab initio band structures can be identified from a staggered symmetry-indicator κAF,j ∈ Z and the gauge-invariant spectrum of SU(2) Wilson loops. The procedure is elucidated for 4-band and 8-band tight-binding models and ab initio band structure of Bi, which is a Z2-trivial, higher-order, topological crystalline insulator. When the tunneling is protected by Cnh and Dnh point groups, the proposed method can also identify the signed winding number n3,j. Our analysis distinguishes between magneto-electrically trivial (θ = 0) and non-trivial (θ = 2sπ, with s ≠ 0) topological crystalline insulators. In Part II, we demonstrate Z-classification of θ by computing induced electric charge (Witten effect) on magnetic Dirac monopoles. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Topology

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