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Galaxy clusters at z ∼ 1 imaged by ALMA with the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect

Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 2023年第2期75卷 311-337页

作者： Kitayama, Tetsu Ueda, Shutaro Okabe, Nobuhiro Akahori, Takuya Hilton, Matt Hughes, John P. Ichinohe, Yuto Kohno, Kotaro Komatsu, Eiichiro Lin, Yen-Ting Miyatake, Hironao Oguri, Masamune Sifón, Cristóbal Takakuwa, Shigehisa Takizawa, Motokazu Tsutsumi, Takahiro van Marrewijk, Joshiwa Wollack, Edward J. Department of Physics Toho University 2-2-1 Miyama Chiba Funabashi274-8510 Japan No. 1 Section 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan Institute of Astronomy National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Physics Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Astrophysical Science Center Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Core Research for Energetic Universe Department of Physics Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Mizusawa VLBI observatory National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Operation Division SKA Observatory Jodrell Bank Lower Withington MacclesfieldSK11 9DL United Kingdom Astrophysics Research Centre University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban4041 South Africa School of Mathematics Statistics & Computer Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban4041 South Africa Wits Centre for Astrophysics School of Physics University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 Johannesburg2050 South Africa Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers The State University of New Jersey PiscatawayNJ08854-8019 United States Department of Physics Rikkyo University 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro Toshima-ku Tokyo171-8501 Japan Institute of Astronomy School of Science The University of Tokyo 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-0015 Japan Research Center for the Early Universe School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik Karl-Schwarzschild Str. 1 GarchingD-85741 Germany The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Chiba Kashiwa277-8583 Japan Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-

We present high angular resolution measurements of the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect (SZE) toward two galaxy clusters, RCS J2319+0038 at z = 0.9 and HSC J0947−0119 at z = 1.1, by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Band 3. They are supplemented with available Chandra X-ray data, optical data taken by Hyper Suprime-Cam on Subaru, and millimeter-wave SZE data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. Taking into account departures from spherical symmetry, we have reconstructed non-parametrically the inner pressure profile of two clusters as well as electron temperature and density profiles for RCS J2319+0038. This is one of the first such measurements for an individual cluster at z 0.9. We find that the inner pressure profile of both clusters is much shallower than that of local cool-core clusters. Our results consistently suggest that RCS J2319+0038 hosts a weak cool core, where radiative cooling is less significant than in local cool cores. On the other hand, HSC J0947−0119 exhibits an even shallower pressure profile than RCS J2319+0038 and is more likely to be a non-cool-core cluster. The SZE centroid position is offset by more than 140 h−170 kpc from the peaks of galaxy distribution in HSC J0947−0119, suggesting a stronger influence of mergers in this cluster. We conclude that these distant clusters are at a very early stage of developing the cool cores typically found in clusters at lower redshifts. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Astronomical Society of Japan.

关键词： Millimeter waves

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Tuning the Size and Stiffness of Inflatable Particles

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Pashine, Nidhi Wang, Dong Baines, Robert Goyal, Medha Shattuck, Mark D. O’Hern, Corey S. Kramer-Bottiglio, Rebecca Department of Mechanical Engineering Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Physics BioInspired Institute Syracuse University SyracuseNY13244 United States Department of Physics Benjamin Levich Institute City College of New York New York CityNY10031 United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Graduate Program in Computational Biology & Biomedical Informatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

We describe size-varying cylindrical particles made from silicone elastomers that can serve as building blocks for robotic granular materials. The particle size variation, which is achieved by inflation, gives rise to changes in stiffness under compression. We design and fabricate inflatable particles that can become stiffer or softer during inflation, depending on key parameters of the particle geometry, such as the ratio of the fillet radius to the wall thickness, r/t. We also conduct numerical simulations of the inflatable particles and show that they only soften during inflation when localization of large strains occurs in the regime r/t → 0. This work introduces novel particle systems with tunable size and stiffness that can be implemented in numerous soft robotic applications. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Stiffness

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Polaron with quadratic electron-phonon interaction

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Physical Review B 2023年第12期107卷 L121109-L121109页

作者： Stefano Ragni Thomas Hahn Zhongjin Zhang Nikolay Prokof'ev Anatoly Kuklov Serghei Klimin Matthew Houtput Boris Svistunov Jacques Tempere Naoto Nagaosa Cesare Franchini Andrey S. Mishchenko Faculty of Physics Center for Computational Materials Science University of Vienna A-1090 Vienna Austria Department of Physics University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA Department of Physics & Astronomy CSI and the Graduate Center of CUNY New York 10314 USA TQC Departement Fysica Universiteit Antwerpen Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerpen Belgium Wilczek Quantum Center School of Physics and Astronomy and T. D. Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Department of Applied Physics The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Università di Bologna I-40127 Bologna Italy

We present a numerically exact study of a polaron with quadratic coupling to the oscillator displacement, or X2 polaron, using two alternative methodological developments. Our results cover both antiadiabatic and adiabatic regimes and the entire range of electron-phonon coupling g2, from the system's stability threshold at attractive g2=−1 to arbitrary strong repulsion at g2≫1. The key properties of X2 polarons prove dramatically different from their linear counterparts. They (i) are insensitive even to large quadratic coupling except in the antiadiabatic limit near the threshold of instability at attraction, (ii) depend only on the adiabatic ratio but are insensitive to the electron dispersion and dimension of space, and (iii) feature weak lattice deformations even at the instability point. Our results are of direct relevance to the properties of electrons at low densities in polar materials, including recent proposals for their superconducting states.

关键词： Electron-phonon coupling Polarons Low-temperature superconductors Semiconductors Strongly correlated systems Thin films Monte Carlo methods

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Conformation Governed Reactivity of Fused Thia-Sapphyrin Dimers Bearing Multiply Fused Heteroaromatic Rings

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CCS Chemistry 2023年第6期5卷 1332-1342页

作者： Qizhao Li Masatoshi Ishida Chengjie Li Glib Baryshnikov Feng Sha Bin Zhu Xinyan Wu HansÅgren Hiroyuki Furuta Yongshu Xie Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryInstitute of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237 Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceTokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyo 192-0397 Department of Science and Technology Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsLinköping UniversityNorrköping SE-60174 Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala UniversityUppsala SE-75120 Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of EngineeringKyushu UniversityFukuoka 819-0395 Research Organization of Science and Technology Ritsumeikan UniversityKusatsu 525-8577

Suitable conformations and proper alignment of complex natural macrocycles are essential for achieving their unique ***,such artificial macrocycle prototypes are still limited due to synthetic *** this respect,directly linked porphyrin analog dimers display tunable conformations and intriguing properties,and thus,they may be employed as a class of promising ***,we report that one-pot oxidative dimerization of thiahydrosapphyrin 1 yields dimers,2anti and 2syn,comprising a transoid-oriented plate-like bipyrrolo[1,2-a]*** thiophene-containing tetrapyrrole arching subunits in 2 lie at the opposite(anti)and same(syn)sides of the plate,***,multiply fused cisoid-orientated dimer 3 was also obtained;a polycyclic pyrrolo-bridged bipyrroloindole derivative tethered with fullyπ-conjugated bridges was ***,the anti-dimer 2anti underwent subsequent oxidative fusion to furnish a further-fused[6.5.5.7.5.5.5.6]-octacyclic compound *** contrast,the syn-orientated 2syn could not be further fused due to the long distance between the potential reaction *** study provides a unique approach to the fused dimeric porphyrin analogs for potential near-infrared optical materials by a simple oxidation *** also reveals the importance of conformation-modulated reactivity for constructing complex porphyrin arrays.

关键词： porphyrins porphyrinoids sapphyrins π-conjugated systems porphyrin oligomers nearinfrared dyes macrocycles

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Biosignature Line Ratios of [P II] in Exoplanetary and Nebular Environments

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Hoy, Kevin Nahar, Sultana N. Pradhan, Anil K. Department of Astronomy The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Chemical Physics Program The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Biophysics Graduate Program The Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States

Being the backbone element of DNA, phosphorus is a key component in the search for life in the Universe. To aid in its detection, we present line emissivity ratios for the five lowest-lying forbidden [P II] transitions, namely those among the levels 3s23p2(3P03 P13 P21 D21 S0). The wavelengths range between 0.44-70 µm, and several lie within the spectroscopic domain observable with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). These line ratios have been calculated using a new collisional-radiative-recombination (CRR) model combining calculated collision strengths and level-specific recombination rate coefficients;with both datasets computed using the accurate Breit-Pauli R-Matrix method. The CRR model includes a new scheme for (e + ion) recombination to emission line formation. We compare its effect to models incorporating only electron impact excitation and spontaneous radiative decay. We find that (e + ion) recombination has a significant impact on all line ratios, and represents a major improvement in physical accuracy of emission line models. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Extrasolar planets

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Photoionization and Opacity

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Pradhan, Anil K. Department of Astronomy Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Chemical Physics Program Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States Biophysics Graduate Program Ohio State University ColumbusOH43210 United States

Opacity determines radiation transport through material media. In a plasma source the primary contributors to atomic opacity are bound-bound line transitions and bound-free photoionization into the continuum. We review the theoretical methodology for state-of-the-art photoionization calculations based on the R-matrix method as employed in the Opacity Project, the Iron Project, and solution of the heretofore unsolved problem of plasma broadening of autoionizing resonances due to electron impact, Stark (electric microfields), Doppler (thermal), and core-excitations. R-matrix opacity calculations entail huge amount of atomic data and calculations of unprecedented complexity. It is shown that in high-energy-density (HED) plasmas Photoionization cross sections become 3-D energy-temperature-density dependent owing to considerable attenuation of autoionizing resonance profiles. Hence, differential oscillator strengths and monochromatic opacities are redistributed in energy. Consequently, Rosseland and Planck mean opacities are affected significantly. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Opacity

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Partial observation can induce mechanistic mismatches in data-constrained models of neural dynamics 38

Partial observation can induce mechanistic mismatches in dat...

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38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Qian, William Zavatone-Veth, Jacob A. Ruben, Benjamin S. Pehlevan, Cengiz Biophysics Graduate Program Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Kempner Institute for the Study of Natural and Artificial Intelligence Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Center for Brain Science Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States

One of the central goals of neuroscience is to gain a mechanistic understanding of how the dynamics of neural circuits give rise to their observed function. A popular approach towards this end is to train recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to reproduce experimental recordings of neural activity. These trained RNNs are then treated as surrogate models of biological neural circuits, whose properties can be dissected via dynamical systems analysis. How reliable are the mechanistic insights derived from this procedure? While recent advances in population-level recording technologies have allowed simultaneous recording of up to tens of thousands of neurons, this represents only a tiny fraction of most cortical circuits. Here we show that observing only a subset of neurons in a circuit can create mechanistic mismatches between a simulated teacher network and a data-constrained student, even when the two networks have matching single-unit dynamics. In particular, partial observation of models of low-dimensional cortical dynamics based on functionally feedforward or low-rank connectivity can lead to surrogate models with spurious attractor structure. Our results illustrate the challenges inherent in accurately uncovering neural mechanisms from single-trial data, and suggest the need for new methods of validating data-constrained models for neural dynamics. © 2024 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved.

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Magnetically tuned continuous transition from weak to strong coupling in terahertz magnon polaritons

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Physical Review Research 2023年第1期5卷 L012039-L012039页

作者： Andrey Baydin Kenji Hayashida Takuma Makihara Fuyang Tay Xiaoxuan Ma Wei Ren Guohong Ma G. Timothy Noe, II Ikufumi Katayama Jun Takeda Hiroyuki Nojiri Shixun Cao Motoaki Bamba Junichiro Kono Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Division of Applied Physics Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Department of Physics International Center of Quantum and Molecular Structures and Materials Genome Institute Shanghai University 200444 Shanghai China Department of Physics Graduate School of Engineering Science Yokohama National University Yokohama 240-8501 Japan Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Sendai 980-8577 Japan The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Department of Physics I Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology Agency Kawaguchi 332-0012 Japan Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA

Depending on the relative rates of coupling and dissipation, a light-matter coupled system is either in the weak- or strong-coupling regime. Here, we present a unique system where the coupling rate continuously increases with an externally applied magnetic field while the dissipation rate remains constant, allowing us to monitor a weak-to-strong coupling transition as a function of magnetic field. We observed a Rabi splitting of a terahertz magnon mode in yttrium orthoferrite above a threshold magnetic field of ∼14 T. Based on a microscopic theoretical model, we show that with increasing magnetic field the magnons transition into magnon polaritons through an exceptional point, which will open up new opportunities for in situ control of non-Hermitian systems.

关键词： Antiferromagnetism High magnetic fields Magneto-optics Magnons Polaritons Non-Hermitean systems Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy Transfer matrix method

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General framework for the mechanical response of metallic glasses during strain-rate-dependent uniaxial compression

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Physical Review Materials 2023年第10期7卷 105604-105604页

作者： Weiwei Jin Amit Datye Udo D. Schwarz Mark D. Shattuck Corey S. O'Hern Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New York New York 10031 USA Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Applied Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA

Experimental data on compressive strength σmax versus strain rate ɛ̇eng for metallic glasses undergoing uniaxial compression show varying strain rate sensitivity. For some metallic glasses, σmax decreases with increasing ɛ̇eng, while for others, σmax increases with increasing ɛ̇eng, and for certain alloys σmax versus ɛ̇eng is nonmonotonic. To understand their strain rate sensitivity, we conduct molecular dynamics simulations of metallic glasses undergoing uniaxial compression at finite strain rates and coupled to heat baths with a range of temperatures T0 and damping parameters b. In the T0→0 and b→0 limits, we find that the compressive strength σmax versus temperature T obeys a “chevron-shaped” scaling relation. In the low-strain-rate regime, σmax decreases linearly with increasing T, whereas σmax grows as a power law with decreasing T in the high-strain-rate regime. For T0>0, σmax(T) deviates from the scaling curve at low strain rates, but σmax(T) rejoins the scaling curve as the strain rate increases. Enhanced dissipation reduces compression-induced heating, which causes σmax(T) to deviate from the b→0 scaling behavior for intermediate strain rates, but σmax(T) converges to the high-strain-rate power-law scaling behavior at sufficiently high strain rates. Determining σmax(T) as a function of b and T0 provides a general framework for explaining the strain rate sensitivity of metallic glasses under compression.

关键词： Compressive strength Mechanical deformation Amorphous materials Metallic glasses Molecular dynamics

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Super-Mossian Dielectrics for Nanophotonics

Super-Mossian Dielectrics for Nanophotonics

引用

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Xielin Wang Chloe F. Doiron Zhichao Li Jacob B. Khurgin Gururaj V. Naik Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX

Searching for high-index dielectrics, we identify materials that break the index upper bound set by Moss’ rule. We highlight the promise of such super-Mossian materials by demonstrating nanophotonic devices made of F... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Nanophotonics Optical constants Optical materials Refractive index Whispering gallery modes

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