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arXiv 2017年

作者： Schwieterman, Edward W. Kiang, Nancy Y. Parenteau, Mary N. Harman, Chester E. DasSarma, Shiladitya Fisher, Theresa M. Arney, Giada N. Hartnett, Hilairy E. Reinhard, Christopher T. Olson, Stephanie L. Meadows, Victoria S. Cockell, Charles S. Walker, Sara I. Grenfell, John Lee Hegde, Siddharth Rugheimer, Sarah Hu, Renyu Lyons, Timothy W. Department of Earth Sciences University of California RiversideCA United States NASA Postdoctoral Program Universities Space Research Association ColumbiaMD United States NASA Astrobiology Institute Virtual Planetary Laboratory Team SeattleWA United States NASA Astrobiology Institute Alternative Earths Team RiversideCA United States Blue Marble Space Institute of Science SeattleWA United States NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New YorkNY United States NASA Ames Research Center Exobiology Branch Mountain ViewCA United States Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New YorkNY United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Maryland School of Medicine BaltimoreMD United States Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology University System of Maryland BaltimoreMD United States School of Earth and Space Exploration Arizona State University TempeAZ United States Planetary Systems Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD United States School of Molecular Sciences Arizona State University TempeAZ United States School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA United States Astronomy Department University of Washington SeattleWA United States University of Edinburgh School of Physics and Astronomy Edinburgh United Kingdom UK Centre for Astrobiology Edinburgh United Kingdom Beyond Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science Arizona State University TempeAZ United States ASU-Santa Fe Institute Center for Biosocial Complex Systems Arizona State University TempeAZ United States Berlin Germany Carl Sagan Institute Cornell University IthacaNY United States Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science Cornell University IthacaNY United States Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of St. Andrews St. Andrews United Kingdom Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United St

In the coming years and decades, advanced space- and ground-based observatories will allow an unprecedented opportunity to probe the atmospheres and surfaces of potentially habitable exoplanets for signatures of life. Life on Earth, through its gaseous products and reflectance and scattering properties, has left its fingerprint on the spectrum of our planet. Aided by the universality of the laws of physics and chemistry, we turn to Earth’s biosphere, both in the present and through geologic time, for analog signatures that will aid in the search for life elsewhere. Considering the insights gained from modern and ancient Earth, and the broader array of hypothetical exoplanet possibilities, we have compiled a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of potential exoplanet biosignatures, including gaseous, surface, and temporal biosignatures. We additionally survey biogenic spectral features that are well known in the specialist literature but have not yet been robustly vetted in the context of exoplanet biosignatures. We briefly review advances in assessing biosignature plausibility, including novel methods for determining chemical disequilibrium from remotely obtainable data and assessment tools for determining the minimum biomass required to maintain short-lived biogenic gases as atmospheric signatures. We focus particularly on advances made since the seminal review by Des Marais et al. The purpose of this work is not to propose new biosignature strategies, a goal left to companion articles in this series, but to review the current literature, draw meaningful connections between seemingly disparate areas, and clear the way for a path forward. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Extrasolar planets

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Nuclear-modification factor for open-heavy-flavor production at forward rapidity in Cu+Cu collisions at sNN=200 GeV

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Physical Review C 2012年第2期86卷 024909-024909页

作者： A. Adare S. Afanasiev C. Aidala N. N. Ajitanand Y. Akiba H. Al-Bataineh J. Alexander K. Aoki L. Aphecetche R. Armendariz S. H. Aronson J. Asai E. T. Atomssa R. Averbeck T. C. Awes B. Azmoun V. Babintsev G. Baksay L. Baksay A. Baldisseri K. N. Barish P. D. Barnes B. Bassalleck S. Bathe S. Batsouli V. Baublis A. Bazilevsky S. Belikov R. Bennett Y. Berdnikov A. A. Bickley J. G. Boissevain H. Borel K. Boyle M. L. Brooks H. Buesching V. Bumazhnov G. Bunce S. Butsyk S. Campbell B. S. Chang J.-L. Charvet S. Chernichenko C. Y. Chi J. Chiba M. Chiu I. J. Choi T. Chujo P. Chung A. Churyn V. Cianciolo C. R. Cleven B. A. Cole M. P. Comets P. Constantin M. Csanád T. Csörgő T. Dahms K. Das G. David M. B. Deaton K. Dehmelt H. Delagrange A. Denisov D. d’Enterria A. Deshpande E. J. Desmond O. Dietzsch A. Dion M. Donadelli O. Drapier A. Drees A. K. Dubey A. Durum V. Dzhordzhadze Y. V. Efremenko J. Egdemir F. Ellinghaus W. S. Emam A. Enokizono H. En’yo S. Esumi K. O. Eyser D. E. Fields M. Finger M. Finger, Jr. F. Fleuret S. L. Fokin Z. Fraenkel J. E. Frantz A. Franz A. D. Frawley K. Fujiwara Y. Fukao T. Fusayasu S. Gadrat A. Garishvili I. Garishvili A. Glenn H. Gong M. Gonin J. Gosset Y. Goto R. Granier de Cassagnac N. Grau S. V. Greene M. Grosse Perdekamp T. Gunji H.-Å. Gustafsson T. Hachiya A. Hadj Henni C. Haegemann J. S. Haggerty H. Hamagaki R. Han H. Harada E. P. Hartouni K. Haruna E. Haslum R. Hayano X. He M. Heffner T. K. Hemmick T. Hester H. Hiejima J. C. Hill R. Hobbs M. Hohlmann W. Holzmann K. Homma B. Hong T. Horaguchi D. Hornback T. Ichihara H. Iinuma K. Imai M. Inaba Y. Inoue D. Isenhower L. Isenhower M. Ishihara T. Isobe M. Issah A. Isupov B. V. Jacak J. Jia J. Jin O. Jinnouchi B. M. Johnson K. S. Joo D. Jouan F. Kajihara S. Kametani N. Kamihara J. Kamin M. Kaneta J. H. Kang H. Kanou D. Kawall A. V. Kazantsev A. Khanzadeev J. Kikuchi D. H. Kim D. J. Kim E. Kim E. Kinney Á. Kiss E. Kistenev A. Kiyomichi J. Klay C. Klein-Boesing L. Kochenda V. Kochetkov B. Komkov M. Konno D. Kotchetkov A. Kozlov A. Král A. Kravitz J. Ku University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 141980 Dubna Moscow Region Russia Columbia University New York New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories Irvington New York 10533 USA Chemistry Department Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794-3400 USA RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan RIKEN BNL Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes CNRS-IN2P3 Université de Nantes) BP 20722-44307 Nantes France Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet Ecole Polytechnique CNRS-IN2P3 Route de Saclay F-91128 Palaiseau France Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794-3400 USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA IHEP Protvino State Research Center of Russian Federation Institute for High Energy Physics Protvino 142281 Russia Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne Florida 32901 USA Dapnia CEA Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France University of California—Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA PNPI Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Gatchina Leningrad region 188300 Russia Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University St. Petersburg 195251 Russia Yonsei University IPAP Seoul 120-749 Korea KEK High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235 USA Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia 30303 USA IPN-Orsay Universite Paris Sud CNRS-IN2P3 BP1 F-91406 Orsay France ELTE Eötvös Loránd University H-1117

Background: Heavy-flavor production in p + p collisions is a good test of perturbative-quantum-chromodynamics (pQCD) calculations. Modification of heavy-flavor production in heavy-ion collisions relative to binary-collision scaling from p + p results, quantified with the nuclear-modification factor (RAA), provides information on both cold- and hot-nuclear-matter effects. Midrapidity heavy-flavor RAA measurements at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider have challenged parton-energy-loss models and resulted in upper limits on the viscosity-entropy ratio that are near the quantum lower bound. Such measurements have not been made in the forward-rapidity region.

关键词： PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) -- Flavor HEAVY ion collisions COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics) NUCLEAR matter MOMENTUM (Mechanics) MESONS SPECTROMETERS physics experiments COPPER ions

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Historical growth of concept networks in Wikipedia

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Collective Intelligence 2022年第2期1卷 26339137221109839页

作者： Harang Ju Dale Zhou Ann S Blevins David M Lydon-Staley Judith Kaplan Julio R Tuma Dani S Bassett Neuroscience Graduate Group University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Bioengineering School of Engineering & Applied Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Annenberg School for Communication University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of History and Sociology of Science College of Arts and Sciences University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Integrated Studies Program College of Arts and Sciences University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Integrated Studies Program College of Arts and Sciences University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Philosophy College of Arts and Sciences University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering School of Engineering & Applied Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Physics & Astronomy College of Arts & Sciences University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Neurology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Santa Fe Institute Santa Fe NM USA

Philosophers of science have long questioned how collective scientific knowledge grows. Although disparate answers have been posited, empirical validation has been challenging due to limitations in collecting and systematizing large historical records. Here, we introduce new methods to analyze scientific knowledge formulated as a growing network of articles on Wikipedia and their hyperlinks. We demonstrate that in Wikipedia, concept networks in subdisciplines of science do not grow by expanding from their central core to reach an ancillary periphery. Instead, science concept networks in Wikipedia grow by creating and filling knowledge gaps. Notably, the process of gap formation and closure may be valued by the scientific community, as evidenced by the fact that it produces discoveries that are more frequently awarded Nobel prizes than other processes. To determine whether and how the gap process is interrupted by paradigm shifts, we operationalize a paradigm as a particular subdivision of scientific concepts into network modules. Hence, paradigm shifts are reconfigurations of those modules. The approach allows us to identify a temporal signature in structural stability across scientific subjects in Wikipedia. In a network formulation of scientific discovery, our findings suggest that data-driven conditions underlying scientific breakthroughs depend as much on exploring uncharted gaps as on exploiting existing disciplines and support policies that encourage new interdisciplinary research.

关键词： science of science networks philosophy of science Wikipedia cavity

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Eight Blue E+A Galaxy Candidates Located inside a Large-scale Filament in the Coma Cluster

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Research Notes of the AAS 2021年第2期5卷

作者： William Ostling Serena Wurmser Nicole Kerrison Charles Liu Collegiate School 301 Freedom Place South NY NY 10069 USA Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden St Cambridge MA 02138 USA Steward Observatory University of Arizona 933 North Cherry Avenue Tucson AZ 85721 USA Department of Physics & Astronomy City University of New York College of Staten Island 2800 Victory Blvd Staten Island NY 10314 USA Department of Astrophysics & Hayden Planetarium American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street New York NY 10024-5192 USA Physics Program The Graduate Center CUNY New York NY 10016 USA william.b.ostling@***

E+A galaxies are post-starburst galaxies that have recently undergone quenching of their star formation, making them a valuable source for studying the evolution of galaxies. Using the SDSS Data Release 16, we found 13 'blue' E+A galaxy candidates and 117 'green' E+A galaxy candidates in and around the Coma cluster of galaxies. Blue E+A galaxies tend to be younger than green E+A galaxies, giving us a picture of how young galaxies transform into E+A galaxies. Based on their positions in R.A./decl./velocity space, we found that 8 of the blue E+A galaxy candidates seem to be located inside a large-scale galactic filament emanating from the center of the Coma Cluster. Their locations suggest there is an unusually high number of E+A galaxies throughout the filament. We have not yet determined whether these E+A galaxy candidates formed through merging or ram pressure stripping.

关键词： E+A galaxies Post-starburst galaxies Coma Cluster Intergalactic filaments Sloan photometry

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Absence of Suppression in Particle Production at Large Transverse Momentum in sNN=200 GeV d+Au Collisions

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Physical Review Letters 2003年第7期91卷 072303-072303页

作者： S. S. Adler S. Afanasiev C. Aidala N. N. Ajitanand Y. Akiba A. Al-Jamel J. Alexander K. Aoki L. Aphecetche R. Armendariz S. H. Aronson R. Averbeck T. C. Awes V. Babintsev A. Baldisseri K. N. Barish P. D. Barnes B. Bassalleck S. Bathe S. Batsouli V. Baublis F. Bauer A. Bazilevsky S. Belikov M. T. Bjorndal J. G. Boissevain H. Borel M. L. Brooks D. S. Brown N. Bruner D. Bucher H. Buesching V. Bumazhnov G. Bunce J. M. Burward-Hoy S. Butsyk X. Camard P. Chand W. C. Chang S. Chernichenko C. Y. Chi J. Chiba M. Chiu I. J. Choi R. K. Choudhury T. Chujo V. Cianciolo Y. Cobigo B. A. Cole M. P. Comets P. Constantin M. Csanád T. Csörgő J. P. Cussonneau D. d’Enterria K. Das G. David F. Deák H. Delagrange A. Denisov A. Deshpande E. J. Desmond A. Devismes O. Dietzsch J. L. Drachenberg O. Drapier A. Drees A. Durum D. Dutta V. Dzhordzhadze Y. V. Efremenko H. En’yo B. Espagnon S. Esumi D. E. Fields C. Finck F. Fleuret S. L. Fokin B. D. Fox Z. Fraenkel J. E. Frantz A. Franz A. D. Frawley Y. Fukao S.-Y. Fung S. Gadrat M. Germain A. Glenn M. Gonin J. Gosset Y. Goto R. Granier de Cassagnac N. Grau S. V. Greene M. Grosse Perdekamp H.-Å. Gustafsson T. Hachiya J. S. Haggerty H. Hamagaki A. G. Hansen E. P. Hartouni M. Harvey K. Hasuko R. Hayano X. He M. Heffner T. K. Hemmick J. M. Heuser P. Hidas H. Hiejima J. C. Hill R. Hobbs W. Holzmann K. Homma B. Hong A. Hoover T. Horaguchi T. Ichihara V. V. Ikonnikov K. Imai M. Inuzuka D. Isenhower L. Isenhower M. Issah A. Isupov B. V. Jacak J. Jia O. Jinnouchi B. M. Johnson S. C. Johnson K. S. Joo D. Jouan F. Kajihara S. Kametani N. Kamihara M. Kaneta J. H. Kang K. Katou T. Kawabata A. Kazantsev S. Kelly B. Khachaturov A. Khanzadeev J. Kikuchi D. J. Kim E. Kim G.-B. Kim H. J. Kim E. Kinney A. Kiss E. Kistenev A. Kiyomichi C. Klein-Boesing H. Kobayashi V. Kochetkov R. Kohara B. Komkov M. Konno D. Kotchetkov A. Kozlov P. J. Kroon C. H. Kuberg G. J. Kunde K. Kurita M. J. Kweon Y. Kwon G. S. Kyle R. Lacey J. G. Lajoie Y. Le Bornec A. Lebedev S. Leckey D. M. Lee M. J. Leitch M. A. L. Leite X. Li X. H. Li Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 141980 Dubna Moscow Region Russia Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA and Nevis Laboratories Irvington New York 10533 USA Chemistry Department Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794-3400 USA KEK High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki-ken 305-0801 Japan RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA Kyoto University Kyoto 606 Japan SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes CNRS-IN2P3 Université de Nantes) BP 20722-44307 Nantes France Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794 USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP) Protvino Russia Dapnia CEA Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France University of California–Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico USA Institut fuer Kernphysik University of Muenster D-48149 Muenster Germany PNPI Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Gatchina Russia RIKEN BNL Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California 94550 USA Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Bombay 400 085 India Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan Yonsei University IPAP Seoul 120-749 Korea IPN-Orsay Universite Paris Sud CNRS-IN2P3 BP1 F-91406 Orsay France ELTE Eötvös Loránd University H-1117 Budapest Pázmány P. s. 1/A Hungary KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics (RMKI) H-1525 Budapest 114 P.O. Box 49 Hungary Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Física Ca

Transverse momentum spectra of charged hadrons with pT<8 GeV/c and neutral pions with pT<10 GeV/c have been measured at midrapidity by the PHENIX experiment at BNL RHIC in d+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV. The measured yields are compared to those in p+p collisions at the same sNN scaled up by the number of underlying nucleon-nucleon collisions in d+Au. The yield ratio does not show the suppression observed in central Au+Au collisions at RHIC. Instead, there is a small enhancement in the yield of high momentum particles.

关键词： High energy physics

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Midrapidity direct-photon production in p+p collisions at s=200 GeV

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Physical Review D 2005年第7期71卷 071102(R)-071102(R)页

作者： S. S. Adler S. Afanasiev C. Aidala N. N. Ajitanand Y. Akiba J. Alexander R. Amirikas L. Aphecetche S. H. Aronson R. Averbeck T. C. Awes R. Azmoun V. Babintsev A. Baldisseri K. N. Barish P. D. Barnes B. Bassalleck S. Bathe S. Batsouli V. Baublis A. Bazilevsky S. Belikov Y. Berdnikov S. Bhagavatula J. G. Boissevain H. Borel S. Borenstein M. L. Brooks D. S. Brown N. Bruner D. Bucher H. Buesching V. Bumazhnov G. Bunce J. M. Burward-Hoy S. Butsyk X. Camard J.-S. Chai P. Chand W. C. Chang S. Chernichenko C. Y. Chi J. Chiba M. Chiu I. J. Choi J. Choi R. K. Choudhury T. Chujo V. Cianciolo Y. Cobigo B. A. Cole P. Constantin D. d’Enterria G. David H. Delagrange A. Denisov A. Deshpande E. J. Desmond A. Devismes O. Dietzsch O. Drapier A. Drees K. A. Drees R. du Rietz A. Durum D. Dutta Y. V. Efremenko K. El Chenawi A. Enokizono H. En’yo S. Esumi L. Ewell D. E. Fields F. Fleuret S. L. Fokin B. D. Fox Z. Fraenkel J. E. Frantz A. Franz A. D. Frawley S.-Y. Fung S. Garpman T. K. Ghosh A. Glenn G. Gogiberidze M. Gonin J. Gosset Y. Goto R. Granier de Cassagnac N. Grau S. V. Greene M. Grosse Perdekamp W. Guryn H.-Å. Gustafsson T. Hachiya J. S. Haggerty H. Hamagaki A. G. Hansen E. P. Hartouni M. Harvey R. Hayano N. Hayashi X. He M. Heffner T. K. Hemmick J. M. Heuser M. Hibino J. C. Hill W. Holzmann K. Homma B. Hong A. Hoover T. Ichihara V. V. Ikonnikov K. Imai D. Isenhower M. Ishihara M. Issah A. Isupov B. V. Jacak W. Y. Jang Y. Jeong J. Jia O. Jinnouchi B. M. Johnson S. C. Johnson K. S. Joo D. Jouan S. Kametani N. Kamihara J. H. Kang S. S. Kapoor K. Katou S. Kelly B. Khachaturov A. Khanzadeev J. Kikuchi D. H. Kim D. J. Kim D. W. Kim E. Kim G.-B. Kim H. J. Kim E. Kistenev A. Kiyomichi K. Kiyoyama C. Klein-Boesing H. Kobayashi L. Kochenda V. Kochetkov D. Koehler T. Kohama M. Kopytine D. Kotchetkov A. Kozlov P. J. Kroon C. H. Kuberg K. Kurita Y. Kuroki M. J. Kweon Y. Kwon G. S. Kyle R. Lacey V. Ladygin J. G. Lajoie A. Lebedev S. Leckey D. M. Lee S. Lee M. J. Leitch X. H. Li H. Lim A. Litvinenko M. X. Liu Y. Liu C. F. Maguire Y. I. Makdi Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 141980 Dubna Moscow Region Russia Chemistry Department Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794-3400 USA KEK High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki-ken 305-0801 Japan RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes CNRS-IN2P3 Université de Nantes) BP 20722-44307 Nantes France Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794 USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP) Protvino Russia Dapnia CEA Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France University of California–Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA Institut für Kernphysik University of Muenster D-48149 Muenster Germany Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA and Nevis Laboratories Irvington New York 10533 USA PNPI Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Gatchina Russia RIKEN BNL Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA St. Petersburg State Technical University St. Petersburg Russia Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet Ecole Polytechnique CNRS-IN2P3 Route de Saclay F-91128 Palaiseau France New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California 94550 USA KAERI Cyclotron Application Laboratory Seoul Korea Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Bombay 400 085 India Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan Yonsei University IPAP Seoul 120-749 Korea Kangnung National University Kangnung 210-702 Korea Instituto de Física Universidade de São Paulo Caixa

A measurement of direct photons in p+p collisions at s=200 GeV is presented. A photon excess above background from π0→γ+γ, η→γ+γ and other decays is observed in the transverse momentum range 5.5<pT<7 G...

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The readout system based on the ultra-fast waveform sampler DRS4 for the Large-Sized Telescope of the Cherenkov Telescope Array

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Journal of physics: Conference Series 2020年第1期1468卷

作者： S Nozaki O Blanch C Delgado P Gliwny D Hadasch Y Inome H Katagiri H Kubo Y Kobayashi D Mazin A Moralejo Y Nogami R Paoletti T Saito S Sakurai J Sitarek M Takahashi M Teshima T Yamamoto for the CTA Consortium Division of Physics and Astronomy Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies (IFAE) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain CIEMAT Avda. Complutense 40 28040 Madrid Spain Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science University of Lódź ul. Pomorska 149-153 90-236 Lódź Poland Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha Kashiwa Chiba 277-8582 Japan Faculty of Science Ibaraki University Mito Ibaraki 310-8512 Japan INFN Sezione di Pisa Largo Pontecorvo 3 56217 Pisa Italy Department of Physics Konan University Kobe Hyogo 658-8501 Japan

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next-generation ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray observatory. By using three types of telescopes CTA can cover a wide energy range (20 GeV–300 TeV) with an order of magnitude higher sensitivity than the current telescopes. The Large-Sized Telescope (LST) is designed to detect 20 GeV–1 TeV gamma rays thanks to the large light collection area, sensitive photosensors, a fast trigger system, and readout electronics. The camera readout system must have a high signal-to-noise ratio and a linear signal sampling with a large dynamic range in order to efficiently detect dim and low-energy atmospheric showers. To meet this requirement we use the Domino Ring Sampler version 4 (DRS4), which also enables ultra-fast sampling with low power consumption. Some of the intrinsic characteristics of DRS4 chips require software corrections. These procedures lower the effect of non-Gaussian noise contribution and improve the timing resolution of the system. In this contribution we discuss the calibration algorithms and the resulting performance.

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Detailed study of high-pT neutral pion suppression and azimuthal anisotropy in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV

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Physical Review C 2007年第3期76卷 034904-034904页

作者： S. S. Adler S. Afanasiev C. Aidala N. N. Ajitanand Y. Akiba J. Alexander R. Amirikas L. Aphecetche S. H. Aronson R. Averbeck T. C. Awes R. Azmoun V. Babinstev A. Baldisseri K. N. Barish P. D. Barnes B. Bassalleck S. Bathe S. Batsouli V. Baublis A. Bazilevsky S. Belikov Y. Berndnikov S. Bhagavatula J. G. Boissevain H. Borel S. Borenstein M. L. Brooks D. S. Brown N. Bruner D. Bucher H. Buesching V. Bumazhnov G. Bunce J. M. Burward-Hoy S. Butsyk X. Camard J.-S. Chai P. Chand W. C. Chang S. Chernichenko C. Y. Chi J. Chiba M. Chiu I. J. Choi J. Choi R. K. Choudhury T. Chujo V. Cianciolo Y. Cobigo B. A. Cole P. Constantin D. d'Enterria G. David H. Delagrange A. Denisov A. Deshpande E. J. Desmond A. Devismes O. Dietzsch O. Drapier A. Drees K. A. Drees R. du Rietz A. Durum D. Dutta Y. V. Efremenko K. El Chenawi A. Enokizono H. En'yo S. Esumi L. Ewell D. E. Fields F. Fleuret S. L. Fokin B. D. Fox Z. Fraenkel J. E. Frantz A. Franz A. D. Frawley S.-Y. Fung S. Garpman T. K. Ghosh A. Glenn G. Gogiberidze M. Gonin J. Gosset Y. Goto R. Granier de Cassagnac N. Grau S. V. Greene M. Grosse Perdekamp W. Guryn H.-Å. Gustafsson T. Hachiya J. S. Haggerty H. Hamagaki A. G. Hansen E. P. Hartouni M. Harvey R. Hayano N. Hayashi X. He M. Heffner T. K. Hemmick J. M. Heuser M. Hibino J. C. Hill W. Holzmann K. Homma B. Hong A. Hoover T. Ichihara V. V. Ikonnikov K. Imai D. Isenhower M. Ishihara M. Issah A. Isupov B. V. Jacak W. Y. Jang Y. Jeong J. Jia O. Jinnouchi B. M. Johnson S. C. Johnson K. S. Joo D. Jouan S. Kametani N. Kamihara J. H. Kang S. S. Kapoor K. Katou S. Kelly B. Khachaturov A. Khanzadeev J. Kikuchi D. H. Kim D. J. Kim D. W. Kim E. Kim G.-B. Kim H. J. Kim E. Kistenev A. Kiyomichi K. Kiyoyama C. Klein-Boesing H. Kobayashi L. Kochenda V. Kochetkov D. Koehler T. Kohama M. Kopytine D. Kotchetkov A. Kozlov P. J. Kroon C. H. Kuberg K. Kurita Y. Kuroki M. J. Kweon Y. Kwon G. S. Kyle R. Lacey V. Ladygin J. G. Lajoie A. Lebedev S. Leckey D. M. Lee S. Lee M. J. Leitch X. H. Li H. Lim A. Litvinenko M. X. Liu Y. Liu C. F. Maguire Y. I. Makd Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 141980 Dubna Moscow Region Russia Chemistry Department Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794-3400 USA KEK High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki-ken 305-0801 Japan RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research) Wako Saitama 351-0198 JAPAN Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes CNRS-IN2P3 Université de Nantes) BP 20722 - 44307 Nantes France Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794 USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP) Protvino Russia Dapnia CEA Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France University of California - Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA Institut für Kernphysik University of Muenster D-48149 Muenster Germany Columbia University New York New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories Irvington New York 10533 USA PNPI Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Gatchina Russia RIKEN BNL Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA St. Petersburg State Technical University St. Petersburg Russia Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet Ecole Polytechnique CNRS-IN2P3 Route de Saclay F-91128 Palaiseau France New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California 94550 USA KAERI Cyclotron Application Laboratory Seoul South Korea Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Bombay 400 085 India Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan Yonsei University IPAP Seoul 120-749 Korea Kangnung National University Kangnung 210-702 South Korea Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Físic

Measurements of neutral pion (π0) production at midrapidity in sNN=200 GeV Au+Au collisions as a function of transverse momentum, pT, collision centrality, and angle with respect to reaction plane are presented. The data represent the final π0 results from the PHENIX experiment for the first RHIC Au+Au run at design center-of-mass energy. They include additional data obtained using the PHENIX Level-2 trigger with more than a factor of 3 increase in statistics over previously published results for pT>6 GeV/c. We evaluate the suppression in the yield of high-pT π0's relative to pointlike scaling expectations using the nuclear modification factor RAA. We present the pT dependence of RAA for nine bins in collision centrality. We separately integrate RAA over larger pT bins to show more precisely the centrality dependence of the high-pT suppression. We then evaluate the dependence of the high-pT suppression on the emission angle Δϕ of the pions with respect to event reaction plane for seven bins in collision centrality. We show that the yields of high-pT π0's vary strongly with Δϕ, consistent with prior measurements [1,2]. We show that this variation persists in the most peripheral bin accessible in this analysis. For the peripheral bins we observe no suppression for neutral pions produced aligned with the reaction plane, whereas the yield of π0's produced perpendicular to the reaction plane is suppressed by a factor of ~2. We analyze the combined centrality and Δϕ dependence of the π0 suppression in different pT bins using different possible descriptions of parton energy loss dependence on jet path-length averages to determine whether a single geometric picture can explain the observed suppression pattern.

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J∕ψ production in Au-Au collisions at sNN=200GeV

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Physical Review C 2004年第1期69卷 014901-014901页

作者： S. S. Adler S. Afanasiev C. Aidala N. N. Ajitanand Y. Akiba J. Alexander R. Amirikas L. Aphecetche S. H. Aronson R. Averbeck T. C. Awes R. Azmoun V. Babintsev A. Baldisseri K. N. Barish P. D. Barnes B. Bassalleck S. Bathe S. Batsouli V. Baublis A. Bazilevsky S. Belikov Y. Berdnikov S. Bhagavatula J. G. Boissevain H. Borel S. Borenstein M. L. Brooks D. S. Brown N. Bruner D. Bucher H. Buesching V. Bumazhnov G. Bunce J. M. Burward-Hoy S. Butsyk X. Camard J. -S. Chai P. Chand W. C. Chang S. Chernichenko C. Y. Chi J. Chiba M. Chiu I. J. Choi J. Choi R. K. Choudhury T. Chujo V. Cianciolo Y. Cobigo B. A. Cole P. Constantin D. G. d’Enterria G. David H. Delagrange A. Denisov A. Deshpande E. J. Desmond O. Dietzsch O. Drapier A. Drees R. du Rietz A. Durum D. Dutta Y. V. Efremenko K El Chenawi A. Enokizono H. En’yo S. Esumi L. Ewell D. E. Fields F. Fleuret S. L. Fokin B. D. Fox Z. Fraenkel J. E. Frantz A. Franz A. D. Frawley S. -Y. Fung S. Garpman T. K. Ghosh A. Glenn G. Gogiberidze M. Gonin J. Gosset Y. Goto R. Granier de Cassagnac N. Grau S. V. Greene M. Grosse Perdekamp W. Guryn H.-Å. Gustafsson T. Hachiya J. S. Haggerty H. Hamagaki A. G. Hansen E. P. Hartouni M. Harvey R. Hayano X. He M. Heffner T. K. Hemmick J. M. Heuser M. Hibino J. C. Hill W. Holzmann K. Homma B. Hong A. Hoover T. Ichihara V. V. Ikonnikov K. Imai L. D. Isenhower M. Ishihara M. Issah A. Isupov B. V. Jacak W. Y. Jang Y. Jeong J. Jia O. Jinnouchi B. M. Johnson S. C. Johnson K. S. Joo D. Jouan S. Kametani N. Kamihara J. H. Kang S. S. Kapoor K. Katou S. Kelly B. Khachaturov A. Khanzadeev J. Kikuchi D. H. Kim D. J. Kim D. W. Kim E. Kim G.-B. Kim H. J. Kim E. Kistenev A. Kiyomichi K. Kiyoyama C. Klein-Boesing H. Kobayashi L. Kochenda V. Kochetkov D. Koehler T. Kohama M. Kopytine D. Kotchetkov A. Kozlov P. J. Kroon C. H. Kuberg K. Kurita Y. Kuroki M. J. Kweon Y. Kwon G. S. Kyle R. Lacey V. Ladygin J. G. Lajoie A. Lebedev S. Leckey D. M. Lee S. Lee M. J. Leitch X. H. Li H. Lim A. Litvinenko M. X. Liu Y. Liu C. F. Maguire Y. I. Makdisi A. Malakhov V. I. Manko Y Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 141980 Dubna Moscow Region Russia Chemistry Department Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794-3400 USA KEK High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki-ken 305-0801 Japan RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes CNRS-IN2P3 Université de Nantes) Boîte Postale 20722-44307 Nantes France Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794 USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP) Protvino Russia Dapnia CEA Saclay Bâtiment 703 F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France University of California-Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA Institut fuer Kernphysik University of Muenster D-48149 Muenster Germany Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA and Nevis Laboratories Irvington New York 10533 USA PNPI Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Gatchina Russia RIKEN BNL Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA St. Petersburg State Technical University St. Petersburg Russia Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet Ecole Polytechnique CNRS-IN2P3 Route de Saclay F-91128 Palaiseau France New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California 94550 USA KAERI Cyclotron Application Laboratory Seoul South Korea Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Bombay 400 085 India Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan Yonsei University IPAP Seoul 120-749 Korea Kangnung National University Kangnung 210-702 South Korea Universidade de São

First results on charm quarkonia production in heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are presented. The yield of J∕ψ’s measured in the PHENIX experiment via electron-positron decay pairs at midrapidity for Au-Au reactions at sNN=200GeV is analyzed as a function of collision centrality. For this analysis we have studied 49.3×106 minimum bias Au-Au reactions. We present the J∕ψ invariant yield dN∕dy for peripheral and midcentral reactions. For the most central collisions where we observe no signal above background, we quote 90% confidence level upper limits. We compare these results with our J∕ψ measurement from proton-proton reactions at the same energy. We find that our measurements are not consistent with models that predict strong enhancement relative to binary collision scaling.

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Production of ϕ mesons at midrapidity in sNN=200GeVAu+Au collisions at relativistic energies

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Physical Review C 2005年第1期72卷 014903-014903页

作者： S. S. Adler S. Afanasiev C. Aidala N. N. Ajitanand Y. Akiba J. Alexander R. Amirikas L. Aphecetche S. H. Aronson R. Averbeck T. C. Awes R. Azmoun V. Babintsev A. Baldisseri K. N. Barish P. D. Barnes B. Bassalleck S. Bathe S. Batsouli V. Baublis A. Bazilevsky S. Belikov Y. Berdnikov S. Bhagavatula J. G. Boissevain H. Borel S. Borenstein M. L. Brooks D. S. Brown N. Bruner D. Bucher H. Buesching V. Bumazhnov G. Bunce J. M. Burward-Hoy S. Butsyk X. Camard J.-S. Chai P. Chand W. C. Chang S. Chernichenko C. Y. Chi J. Chiba M. Chiu I. J. Choi J. Choi R. K. Choudhury T. Chujo V. Cianciolo Y. Cobigo B. A. Cole P. Constantin D. G. d'Enterria G. David H. Delagrange A. Denisov A. Deshpande E. J. Desmond A. Devismes O. Dietzsch O. Drapier A. Drees R. du Rietz A. Durum D. Dutta Y. V. Efremenko K. El Chenawi A. Enokizono H. En'yo S. Esumi L. Ewell D. E. Fields F. Fleuret S. L. Fokin B. D. Fox Z. Fraenkel J. E. Frantz A. Franz A. D. Frawley S.-Y. Fung S. Garpman T. K. Ghosh A. Glenn G. Gogiberidze M. Gonin J. Gosset Y. Goto R. Granier de Cassagnac N. Grau S. V. Greene M. Grosse Perdekamp W. Guryn H.-Å. Gustafsson T. Hachiya J. S. Haggerty H. Hamagaki A. G. Hansen E. P. Hartouni M. Harvey R. Hayano N. Hayashi X. He M. Heffner T. K. Hemmick J. M. Heuser M. Hibino J. C. Hill W. Holzmann K. Homma B. Hong A. Hoover T. Ichihara V. V. Ikonnikov K. Imai D. Isenhower M. Ishihara M. Issah A. Isupov B. V. Jacak W. Y. Jang Y. Jeong J. Jia O. Jinnouchi B. M. Johnson S. C. Johnson K. S. Joo D. Jouan S. Kametani N. Kamihara J. H. Kang S. S. Kapoor K. Katou S. Kelly B. Khachaturov A. Khanzadeev J. Kikuchi D. H. Kim D. J. Kim D. W. Kim E. Kim G.-B. Kim H. J. Kim E. Kistenev A. Kiyomichi K. Kiyoyama C. Klein-Boesing H. Kobayashi L. Kochenda V. Kochetkov D. Koehler T. Kohama M. Kopytine D. Kotchetkov A. Kozlov P. J. Kroon C. H. Kuberg K. Kurita Y. Kuroki M. J. Kweon Y. Kwon G. S. Kyle R. Lacey V. Ladygin J. G. Lajoie A. Lebedev S. Leckey D. M. Lee S. Lee M. J. Leitch X. H. Li H. Lim A. Litvinenko M. X. Liu Y. Liu C. F. Maguire Y. I. Makdisi A. Mal Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 141980 Dubna Moscow Region Russia Chemistry Department Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794-3400 USA KEK High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki-ken 305-0801 Japan RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes CNRS-IN2P3 Université de Nantes) Bôite Postale 20722 F-44307 Nantes France Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794 USA Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP) Protvino Russia Dapnia CEA Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France University of California Riverside California 92521 USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA Institut für Kernphysik University of Muenster D-48149 Muenster Germany Columbia University New York New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories Irvington New York 10533 USA PNPI Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Gatchina Russia RIKEN BNL Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA St. Petersburg State Technical University St. Petersburg Russia Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet Ecole Polytechnique CNRS-IN2P3 Route de Saclay F-91128 Palaiseau France New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California 94550 USA KAERI Cyclotron Application Laboratory Seoul South Korea Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Bombay 400 085 India Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan Yonsei University IPAP Seoul 120-749 Korea Kangnung National University Kangnung 210-702 South Korea Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Física

We present the results of ϕ meson production in the K+K− decay channel from Au+Au collisions at sNN=200GeV as measured at midrapidity by the PHENIX detector at Brookhaven National Laboratory's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Precision resonance centroid and width values are extracted as a function of collision centrality. No significant variation from the Particle Data Group accepted values is observed, contrary to some model predictions. The ϕ transverse mass spectra are fitted with a linear exponential function for which the derived inverse slope parameter is seen to be constant as a function of centrality. However, when these data are fitted by a hydrodynamic model the result is that the centrality-dependent freeze-out temperature and the expansion velocity values are consistent with the values previously derived from fitting identified charged hadron data. As a function of transverse momentum the collisions scaled peripheral-to-central yield ratio RCP for the ϕ is comparable to that of pions rather than that of protons. This result lends support to theoretical models that distinguish between baryons and mesons instead of particle mass for explaining the anomalous (anti) proton yield.

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