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THE NO FRAME CONCEPT - ITS IMPACT ON SHIPYARD COST

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 218-232页

作者： NAPPI, NS WALZ, RW WIERNICKI, CJ Natale S. Nappi:graduated from City College of New York in 1954 with a B.S. degree in civil engineering and received his M.S. in civil engineering from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1959. He began his professional career in 1954 at the New York Naval Shipyard as a naval architect (structures) performing detail structural design and fabrication studies for CVAs LPDs DDs and CGs and eventually became a supervisory naval architect (structures). From 1965 to 1973 he was a member of the staff of the Computer-Aided Design Division at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center (DTNSRDC). As such he was involved in the development of the computer structural design tool the SSDP (in association with Frank M. Lev) and automated detail design programs (CASDOS). His current position is Senior Naval Architect Consultant in the structural integrity group of the Ship Structures Division Structures Department DTNSRDC. Mr. Nappi is the author and co-author of numerous technical papers and reports covering a wide spectrum of topics such as automated structural design process design for producibility and survivability material weight and cost trade-off studies and structural weight determination for high performance ships (i.e. SES SWATH HYSWAS). He has lectured on the subjects of design for survivability and ship structures at the Naval Post Graduate School and MIT. He is a member of ASNE ASCE U.S. Naval Institute Sigma Xi and is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of New York. Mr. Nappi was a member of the NAVSEA working commitee for the computer supported design planning effort and is currently a member of the DTNSRDC ASSET Advisory Committee. Ronald W. Walz:graduated in 1974 from Pennsylvania State University with a B.S. degree in civil engineering. He began his professional career in 1974 at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center as a structural engineer in the structural design concepts group of the Ship Structures Division Structures Department.

A proposed cost effective alternative to current U.S. Navy structurally configured hulls is presented in this paper. This proposed design for producibility concept involves the elimination of structural stanchions and transverse web frames. The potential impact of this “no frame” concept on structural design, weight and construction and material costs for naval surface frigates and destroyers is reflected in 1) reduced costs for the installation of distributive systems and 2) a reduced number and complexity of structural details providing a more reliable and less costly structure. This study was performed in three parts: 1) Determine the most feasible length between bulkheads without frames; 2) Using this length perform detail weight studies and construction and material costs analysis comparison on a 72-foot long hull module, with and without frames, for a FFG-7, and 3) Estimate the saving in man hours of labor on the installation of distributive systems and shipfitting for an FFG-7. For the feasible length studies on the “no frame” structural configuration, thirty-seven strength, weight and vertical center of gravity studies were performed on two ship classes; twenty-two on the FFG-7 class and fifteen on the DD-963 class. The detailed weight studies and construction and material cost analyses were conducted for FFG-7 “no frame” and “as built” modules. Results indicating the “no frame” concept module was 6.8% heavier and 14.8% less costly than the “as built” module. For the impact of an FFG-7 “no frame” structurally configured hull on the cost of labor required for the installation of distributive systems and for other functional work such as ship fitting, welding, and electrical, this study indicated a reduction of 169,206 labor hours per ship, representing 7.12% of the total required man hours to fabricate an FFG-7 class ship. With the employment of the “no frame” concept, certain areas of significant concern and potential risk were addressed. These include: 1) t

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THE STRUCTURAL SYNTHESIS DESIGN program - ITS IMPACT ON THE FLEET

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第3期95卷 87-99页

作者： WIERNICKI, CJ GOODING, TG NAPPI, NS Mr. Christopher J. Wiernicki:graduated from Vanderbilt University in 1980 with a B.E. degree in Structural Engineering. Upon graduation he began his professional career at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center. As a structural engineer in the Surface Ship Structures Division Mr. Wiernicki was responsible for developing improved methods and procedures for designing and evaluating structural systems for surf ace combatants. Specific projects included design for producibility development and evaluation of automated ship structural design methods and participation in the structural design of the CG 49 Cruiser and the current DDG 51 Destroyer. In 1982 Mr. Wiernicki received his M.S. degree in Ocean Engineering from George Washington University. Mr. Wiernicki is a recipient of the SNAME 1982-82 Graduate Scholarship and is currently doing post graduate work in Naval Architecture at Massachusetts Institute of Technology he is a member of ASNE SNAME ASCE and Chi Epsilon. Mr. Thomas G. Gooding:graduated in 1975 from the University of Michigan with B.S. degrees in Oceanography and Naval Architecture. After graduation he began his professional career at the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NA VSEC) as a structural engineer. From 1975 till 1978 Mr. Gooding worked in the area of ship dry docking and was the structural task leader on the complex overhaul ofUSS Long Beach (CGN-9). Mr. Gooding returned to the University of Michigan to receive a M.S. in Naval Architecture in 1979. Currently Mr. Gooding is the structural task leader on the DDGX/DDG 51 program at the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). Mr. Gooding is a member of SNAME and the Naval Institute. Mr. Natale S. Nappi:graduated from City College of New York in 1954 with a Bachelor of Civil Engineering and received his M.S. in Civil Engineering from Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn in 1959. He began his professional career in 1964 at the New York Naval Shipyard as a Naval Architect (Structure) performing detail structural design and fabrication s

The structural design of a ship's section is a complicated, repetitive and time consuming task. With the advent of new technology, high speed computers have enabled the ship designer to accomplish in a matter of seconds what would formerly take days to accomplish by hand. The Structural Synthesis Design program (SSDP) is a N avy developed computer-aided design tool which is used to design (or to analyze) the longitudinal scantlings for a variety of ship cross sections, consisting of any practical combinations of decks, platforms, bulkheads and materials, i.e., various steel and aluminum alloys. The final hull section design will have the lowest practical weight for the chosen geometric configuration, structural arrangements, and imposed loadings. The scantling developed by the program will satisfy all U.S. N avy ship structural design criteria. An explanation of the objective and design elements of N avy ship structures is included. The rationale behind the SSDP design philosophy is developed along with the significant program capabilities. In an attempt to highlight the influence of automated design procedures on the current naval ship design process, the effect of the SSDP on the DDG 51 destroyer structural development is addressed.

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Book review

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Coastal Management 1982年第3期10卷 291-299页

作者： Stephanie S. Pincetl[a] Lawrence Juda[b] [a] Graduate School of Architecture Urban Planning University of California Los Angeles [b] Graduate Program in Marine Affairs University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island

The Politics of Land Use ReformFrank J. Popper, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1981Ocean Management: A New Perspectiveby John M. Armstrong and Peter C. Ryner, Ann Arbor: Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., 1981.

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THE INTRODUCTION OF HEAT RECOVERABLE COUPLINGS TO SHIP REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1982年第6期94卷 63-71页

作者： LIBERATORE, DJ BASKERVILLE, JE LCdr. Donald J. Liberatore USN: began his career in the U.S. Navy in 1965. He has had many diverse assignments involving surface ships and submarines during the past seventeen years. During his tour at Naval Shipyard Portsmouth (N.H.) he was Assistant Design Superintendent and responsible for the introduction of Heat Recoverable Coupling technology into the shipyard. Presently he is assigned to the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) in the Sonar Dome Office. Prior assignments within NAVSEA have been as Assistant Ship Systems Design Manager for the SSNX and FA-SSN preliminary designs in the Submarine Propulsion Analysis Branch in the Submarine Hydrodynamics Branch and in the Gear Coupling and Clutch Branch. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree from Vanderbilt University in 1971 and in 1977 graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology with his M.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering and his Professional degree of Ocean Engineer. A member of ASNE since 1975 LCdr. Liberatore also is a member of IEEE SNAME the Naval Institute and Sigma Xi. Cdr. James E. Baskerville USN: is presently assigned to NAVSEA as the Ship Manager for the DDG 51 the Navy's next generation surface combatant. In a previous tour at Naval Shipyard Pearl Harbor he was the Navy's Program Manager for Heat Recoverable Coupling introduction in ship repair and maintenance. A graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy Class of 1969 he is a qualified Surface Warfare Officer and a designated Engineering Duty Officer (ED). He received his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering and his Professional degree of Ocean Engineer from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and also holds a patent right on an Electronic Control and Response System. His naval assignments have included tours in the USS Ramey (FFG-2) as Aide and Flag Lieutenant to the Commander Naval Electronic Systems Command and as Ship Superintendent Surface Type Desk Officer and Assistant Design Superintendent at Naval Shipyard Pearl Harbor. Cdr. Baskervi

Although Heat Recoverable Couplings (HRCs), used to join pipe, may be labeled innovative “state-of-the-art” technology for U.S. Naval Shipyards, they have been in use in foreign ships and high technology industries for over a decade. HRCs provide a permanent leak-proof pipe joint in specified applications without the use of high temperature and the inherent hazards of an open flame. Manufactured from NITINOL, a nickel-titanium alloy developed by the U.S. Navy, the couplings exhibit a “shape memory” characteristic. That is, they return (shrink) to a specified shape (pipe diameter) thus forming a mechanical seal when the expanded coupling is removed from a cryogenic environment and warmed above approximately —130°C. This paper provides background information into the development of NITINOL, technical explanation of shape memory metallurgy, and a summary of results, with specific examples, describing the trial use of HRCs at Pearl Harbor and Norfolk Naval Shipyards. Limited return cost data and recommendations for future use are presented. Then, using the HRC program as a basis, the Authors discuss the conservative nature of the ship repair and maintenance environment. This environment, in the Authors' opinion, couples with complex contractual constraints and requirements which serve to restrict the introduction of new ideas. An analogy is made to Russian tenacity of recent years which promotes “exploring and doing” while we in the U.S. Navy are frequently content to study.

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MACHINERY ARRANGEMENT DESIGN - A PERSPECTIVE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第3期93卷 133-141页

作者： RESNER, ME KLOMPARENS, SH LYNCH, JP Mr. Michael E. Resner:received an Engineering Degree from Texas A&M University in 1966 and has done graduate work in management at American University. He is Director Machinery Arrangements/Control Systems and Industrial Facilities Division (SEA 525) at the Naval Sea Systems Command. His previous positions have included Program Manager Solar Total Energy Program at the Department of Energy and Branch Chief Machinery Control Systems Branch at the Naval Ship Engineering Center. Mr. Stephen H. Klomparens:is a Naval Architect at Designers & Planners Inc. and is engaged in development of computer aids for ship design. He received his B.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1973 and his M.S. degree in Computer Science from the Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Kolmparens began his professional career at Hydronautics Inc. in 1974 where he was involved in the use of marine laboratory facilities for test and development of conventional and advanced marine craft. Since 1977 he has been involved with naval and commercial ship design and with development of computer-aided ship design tools. Mr. John P. Lynch:is a Principal Marine Engineer with Hydronautics Inc. He was previously employed in the auxiliary machinery and computer-aided design divisions of the David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center the machinery design division of the New York Naval Shipyard and the machinery arrangement code of the Bureau of Ships. His active naval service was as a ship superintendent in the production department of the Long Beach Naval Shipyard. Mr. Lynch received his B. S. degree in Marine Engineering from the New York State Maritime College and his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Columbia University. He is a licensed Professional Engineer in the State of New York and a member of ASNE.

The machinery arrangement design process has remained relatively unchanged over the years. Recently, external demands have been placed on both the product and the producers that call for changes to this process. This paper cites these external demands and traces the evolution of the process changes from the rule-of-thumb machinery box sizing routines up to the current automated procedures. The machinery arrangement design practice is presented, and existing analytic and graphics aids are discussed. The user requirements for improved design aids are presented, with implementation guidelines and hardware/software alternatives.

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Managing the environment for older students

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New Directions for Higher Education 1980年第30期1980卷

作者： Louis E. Gelwicks Ruth Weinstock President of Gerontological Planning Associates of Santa Monica California and has served as professor of architecture at the University of Southern California and head of the graduate program in Urban and Regional Planning at the Andrus Gerontologly Center. He is author of Planning Housing Environments for the Elderly (1974). Vice president and project director of Educational Facilities Laboratories (EFL) a division of the Academy for Educational Development. She is the author of The Graying of the Campus (1978) and The Greening of the High School (1973).

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COMPUTER AIDS FOR SHIP DESIGN, INTEGRATION AND CONTROL

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 73-87页

作者： CARLSON, CM JOHNSON, RA HELMING, FW Mr. Craig M. Carlson received his B.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from the University of Michigan in 1970 and began his career with the Department of the Navy at the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC). In 1972. he returned to the University of Michigan under the NAVSEC Long Term Training Program and received his M.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering. After returning to the Ship Arrangements Branch at NAVSEC. he was assigned as Task Leader for General Arrangements for the PGG PCG PHM. and MCM ship designs and was awarded Outstanding Performance Awards in 1974 and 1975. In addition he was Manager of the Arrangement Subsystem of the Navy's Computer-Aided Ship Design and Construction Program (CASDAC). In October 1979. he became Manager of the CASDAC Hull Design System. Currently. he also is enrolled in the M.S. of Computer Science Program at Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Carlson previously has presented technical papers at ASNE Day 1974 and 1978 as well as at the 1979 DOD Manufacturing Technology Advisory Group Conference. Besides ASNE. which he joined in 1972. he is a member of SNAME. ASE. and the U.S. Naval Institute. Mr. Robert A. Johnson is a Naval Architect in Surface Combatants Design (SEA 03D3). Ship Design Integration Directorate Naval Sea Systems Command. He received an Associate in Engineering degree in Drafting and Design Technology in 1959. his B.S. degree in Aerospace Engineering in 1965. and his M.S. degree in Engineering Mechanics in 1970. all from the Pennsylvania State University. In 1973. he was selected for the NA VSEC Hull Division s Long Term Training Program at the University of Michigan subsequently receiving his M.S.E. degree in Naval Architecture in 1974. Mr. Johnson began his career with the Ordnance Research Laboratory at Pennsylvania State University in 1959 where he worked. on the design of hydroelastic submarine models and conducted research in the area of flow induced structural vibrations. In 1967 he joined HRB-Singer at State Colle

This paper presents an integrated approach to Computer-Aided Ship Design for U.S. Navy preliminary and contract design. An integrated Hull Design System (HDS), currently under development by the Hull Group of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA 32). is the vehicle for the discussion. This paper is directed toward practicing ship design professionals and the managers of the ship design process. Primary emphasis of this paper, and of the development effort currently under way, is on aiding ship design professionals in their work. Focus is on integration and management control of the extremely complex set of processes which make up naval ship design. The terminology of the Ship Designer and Design Manager is used. The reader needs no familiarity with the technologies of computer science.

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TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN AIRCRAFT CARRIER DESIGN

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第5期92卷 71-85页

作者： REIN, RJ RYAN, JC USN (RET.) Cdr. Robert J. Rein USN (Ret.)currently is the Director of Naval Support Systems for the Columbia Research Corporation Washington D. C. At the time this paper was presented he was on active duty in the U.S. Navy serving as the Ship Design Manager for the CVV Naval Sea Systems Command. Prior to that his duty assignments included Deputy Program Manager for the Sea Control Ship Assistant Ship Material Officer. Staff of Commander Naval Air Force U.S. Pacific Fleet and Type Desk Officer for Cruisers/Destroyers and New Construction (CG 30) at the former Hunter's Point Naval Shipyard. He is a graduate of General Motors Institute an accredited private college sponsored by the General Motors Corporation: the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School Monterey. Calif.: and the Defense Systems Management College. Fort Belvoir. Va. Additionally. he has had extensive postgraduate study in Systems Management at The George Washington University. Cdr. Rein is extremely active in his support of professional engineering societies and as a member of ASNE since 1964 has been responsible for the founding of ASNE Local Sections on the west coast and presently is serving as the Society's National Assistant Secretary-Treasurer. In addition he also was the creator and coordinator for the highly successful. Society sponsored Symposium “Aircraft Carriers — Present and Future.”which was held in October 1976 at the U.S. Grant Hotel. San Diego. Calif. and was the first such Symposium jointly sponsored by an Operating Fleet command and a professional society. Mr. J. Christopher Ryanreceived his B.S. degree in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from Webb Institute of Naval Architecture in 1967 and his M.S. degree in Naval Architecture from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1969. His initial work experience was at Litton Ship Systems where he was associated primarily with the general arrangements development of the DD 963 Class design. Subsequently. he was employed at the former Naval Ship Engineering Center with work as

Since the signing of the Contract Design Plane for the CVN 68 (the U.S. Navy's latest Class of Aircraft Carriers) In 1963, considerable technological advances have been made in Naval Ship Design. This paper provides specific examples of how new technology has affected traditional Carrier design practices and techniques, and also indicates areas where future advanced technology will be needed. It is divided into four sections: 1) Computer Design Application; 2) Total Ship Energy Conservation Analysis; 3) Advances in Structural Design; and 4) Impact of V/STOL Aircraft. The increased use of the computer to define ship characteristics in the initial stage of ship design is discussed, followed by a report on efforts to include energy conservation as an integral part of the design process. The energy conservation approach uses traditional analytical techniques to develop innovative design configurations that will achieve energy savings. Of the many advances in Carrier structural design, two specific examples are given: 1) Elimination of the infamous “knee-knockers” (high sills in passageway openings) common to Gallery Deck structure, and 2) Successful attempts at reducing the thickness of aircraft elevator platforms. The paper concludes by pointing out some possible challenges facing the ship designer and some of the technology already created by the expected introduction of advanced design Vertical/Short Takeoff and Landing (V/STOL) aircraft.

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A SUBMARINE CONTROL-SYSTEM TEST VEHICLE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1980年第2期92卷 148-155页

作者： SEJD, JJ WATKINSON, KW HILL, WF Mr. James J. Sejd received his B.S. degree in Civil Engineering from Case Western Reserve University and has since undergone considerable graduate study at both The George Washington and American Universities. He served almost four years in the U.S. Navy as a Naval Aviator and enjoys the unique distinction of being qualified in both Heavier- and Lighter-than-Air aircraft. Early in his career he was employed at the Navy's Bureau of Ships in the capacity of a Structural Designer and Structural Research Monitor. In 1966 he joined the Staff of the Center for Naval Analyses where he was involved in the mathematical modeling of ships and aircraft and in economic “trade-off‘ analysis. In 1970. he went to the Naval Ship Engineering Center as an Operations Research Analyst in the Ship Design and Development Division. At the present time he is employed as a Program Manager for the Naval Sea Systems Command Ship Design Research and Development Office. A member of ASNE since 1973 he also is a member of the Association of Scientists and Engineers at NAVSEA the Operations Research Society of America and the Lighter-Than-Air Society. Mr. Kenneth W. Watkinson received both is B.S. and M.S. degrees in Engineering Science from Florida State University in 1970 and 1971 respectively. Since graduation he has been employed at the Naval Coastal Systems Center (NCSC). Panama City. Fla. where he is primarily involved in the investigation of the stability and control of underwater vehicles. For the past four years he has been the Task Leader and Principal Investigator for the NCSC portion of the Advanced Submarine Control Program involved in developing control design methods and the instrumentation system for the Submarine Control System Test Vehicle. Mr. William F. Hill is currently the ASCOP Program Manager at Lockheed Missiles & Space Company (LMSC) Inc. where he has the overall responsibility for design and construction of the Control System Test Vehicle (CSTV). He entered the aircraft industry in England as an Apprentice w

As part of the Advanced Submarine Control program (ASCOP), the Naval Sea Systems Command has developed an open water Submarine Control System Test Vehicle (CSTV). This vehicle is a 1/12 scale model of an SSN 688 Class Submarine, with provisions for easy geometric changes. Such changes include alternate Sail size and location, the addition of parallel middle-bodies, alternative tail sections, and alternative control configurations. A self-contained instrumentation and control system provides the capability for “on-board” recording of all relevant Submarine-state variables, over the entire speed and depth range, to a degree of data accuracy exceeding any known system. With the means thus available to correlate measured vehicle hydrodynamics with selected maneuvers, conditions, and changes in hull geometry and control surface configuration, modern mathematical techniques for improving submarine equations of motion can be employed to permit dramatic design enhancements in both safety and performance. This paper provides the rationale and history of the development of this vehicle, a description of the instrumentation and control package, and a description of the vehicle itself.

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THE IMPROVED NAVAL SHIPYARD MANA GEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM—A POTENTIAL FOR INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY

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Naval Engineers Journal 1979年第2期91卷 192-203页

作者： SISSON, JONATHAN A. USN (RET.) Capt. Jonathan A. Sisson USN (RET.) is a graduate of the United States Naval Academy and received his degree of Master of Science in Naval Architecture from the Webb Institute of Naval Architecture. From 1964 to 1969 he was the Planning & Estimating Superintendent at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard. From 1969 to 1976 he was the Director Naval Shipyard Management Systems Division Naval Sea Systems Command during which period he initiated the development of the improved Shipyard MIS. From December 1976 until his retirement from the Navy on 1 July 1978 he was the Manager Naval Shipyard Management Information System Improvement Program Naval Sea Systems Command. He joined the staff at ORI Inc. Silver Spring Md. in September 1978 and is a member of SNAME and the Society for Management Information Systems.

The standard Naval Shipyard Management Information System (Shipyard MIS) in use at the eight United States Naval Shipyards is a computer‐based system that processes data related to virtually every element of naval shipyard operations. It has had almost thirteen years of operation constantly growing and improving along the way. In early 1976 a major improvement program was initiated to modernize this batch processing oriented system to meet the needs of management for information in a more responsive manner. Some of the products of this improvement program offer the potential to shipyard managers for improving productivity. This paper describes some of these products and the challenges to shipyard management to utilize them effectively such that improved performance or productivity and significant cost savings can be realized. © 1979 American Society of Naval Engineers

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