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GIS-Based Methodology for Crash Prediction on Single-Lane Rural Highways

Journal of Geographic Information System 2021年第2期13卷 98-121页

作者： Márcia Macedo Emilia Kohlman Rabbani Maria Maia Marlos Macedo Bianca Ferreira Post-Graduate Program in Civil Engineering UPE Recife Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Systems Engineering UPE Recife Brazil Graduate Program in Architecture and Urban Planning UNICAP Recife Brazil

Due to the need to update the current guidelines for highway design to focus on safety, this study sought to build an accident prediction model using a Geographic Information System (GIS) for single-lane rural highways, with a minimum of statistically significant variables, adequate to the Brazilian reality, and improve accident prediction for places with similar characteristics. A database was created to associate the accident records with the geometric parameters of the highway and to fill in the gaps left by the absence of geometric highway plans through geometric reconstitution or semi-automatic extraction of highways using satellite images. The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) method was applied to estimate the coefficients of the model, assuming negative distribution of the binomial error for the count of observed accidents. The accident frequency and annual average daily traffic (AADT) were analyzed, along with the spatial and geometric characteristics of 215 km of federal single-lane rural highways between 2007 and 2016. The GEE procedure was applied to two models having three variations of distinct homogeneous segmentation, two based on segments and one based on the kernel density estimator. To assess the effect of constant traffic, two more variations of the models using AADT as an offset variable were considered. The predominant correlation structure in the models was the exchangeable. The principal contributing factors for the occurrence of collisions were the radius of the horizontal curve, the grade, segment length, and the AADT. The study produced clear indicators for the design parameters of roadways that influence the safety performance of rural highways.

关键词： Roads GEE Single-Lane Rural Highways GIS Crash Prediction

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STRUCTURAL RETROFITTING OF EXISTING REINFORCED CONCRETE GIRDERS BY BEAM STRINGS

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AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 2022年第69期28卷 655-660页

作者： Shimizu, Keiichi Kato, Daisuke Nakamura, Takaya Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata Univ. Japan Architecture Program Faculty of Eng. Niigata Univ. Japan

This report shows the structural retrofitting of a two-story reinforcedconcrete (RC) welfare-facility building in Niigata prefecture, which was built in 2002. During the Chuetsu earthquake in 2004, the first floor window under the bathroom was damaged. Our investigation revealed that the damage was caused by an error in the structural design and insufficient girder strengths. Thus, such RC girders were retrofitted using the beam string structures composing steel members. The stress was reduced by introducing a pushing force to satisfy the allowable stress. This method was simple, easy to install, and economical. © 2022 Architectural Institute of Japan. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforced concrete

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Interacting with Cultural Heritage Through Shape Representation Techniques in 3D Modeling Environments 8th

Interacting with Cultural Heritage Through Shape Representat...

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8th European-Mediterranean Conference, EuroMed 2020

作者： Moralıoğlu, Begüm Aktaş, Begüm Architectural Design Computing Graduate Program Istanbul Technical University Institute of Informatics Istanbul Turkey Department of Architecture Altınbas University Istanbul Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9783030730420

Three-dimensional (3D) representation of cultural heritage in a digital environment is coming into prominence for documentation of geometric and semantic details and the interpretation of shape representation from academic studies to commercial practices. To interpret cultural and historical shapes, the use of the computational medium is expanding with developing technologies. Advanced 3D design and development applications appear every day with distinct functions. However, not every technology provides designers a convenient medium to create, explore, and think naturally. In that sense, digital design mediums and tools become important to enhance the interactivity level with cultural heritage for designers through different interfaces. Particularly, the utilities of design interfaces are essential for preserving reconstructing ruined cultural heritage in the digital design mediums. In this study, we investigate the designers’ creative design process in the context of shape representation methods within the possibilities of two different 3D design interfaces as a computer and virtual reality (VR) interfaces. At first, we conducted a shape exploration exercise to generate the 3D model pieces of the Dark Church in Cappadocia. And then, we used the generated 3D model pieces in a shape representation exercise to observe the seeing, imagining, and acting abilities of designers in computer and VR environments. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： 3D modeling

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The Impact of Greening Strategies on Temperature Reduction at Bus Stop Utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd) Analysis

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Kim, Na Youn Kim, Eun Sub Yun, Seokhwan Lee, Dong Kun Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Specialized Graduate School of Intelligent Eco-Science 4 Dept. of Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

This study analyzed the effectiveness of a vegetation strategy for mitigating heat within a bus stop shelter by implementing vegetation wind permeability and transpiration cooling processes using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. In scenario 1, a pot-type vertical greening system (VGS) without wind permeability had no significant effect on temperature reduction in the bus stop shelter. In contrast, scenario 2, with a mesh VGS allowing wind permeability, resulted in an average temperature reduction of 0.16°C within the interior area of the bus stop shelter, accompanied by shelter improved ventilation. Scenario 3, which entailed the removal of the shelter and the planting of trees, resulted in the least reduction in wind speed and an average temperature reduction of 0.14°C in the bus waiting area. Scenario 2 demonstrated the most effective temperature reduction for interior and surrounding area of the bus stop. Considering the normal effective temperature (NET), Scenario 3 provided the lowest sensation temperature. This indicates that the improved ventilation in Scenario 3 had a substantial impact on NET. Considering the effects of the vegetation strategies proposed in this study, it is essential to select suitable strategies for heat mitigation in bus-stop shelters based on regional and spatial considerations. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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ORGANIZING THE RECOGNIZED CONCEPTS OF THE WORK MIND BY SELF-ORGANIZING MAP − Comprehensive indicators that contribute to design and operate a better workplace −

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AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 2022年第70期28卷 1390-1395页

作者： Ishiyama, Nozomi Matsumoto, Yuji Doctoral Program of Engineering Design Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology Japan Faculty of Design and Architecture Kyoto Institute of Technology Japan

The purpose of this study is to focus on the indicators related to motivation in the Work Mind, and to organize the concepts by Pile Sort experiments using the sentences of the question items that compose each indicator. By polymerizing the personal conceptual system by Self-Organizing Map, the map of the Work Mind with some degree of completeness and generality is drawn. It is expected that this map will be a material for getting the general picture of the Work Mind and will be treated as a ruler when designing and operating a better workplace. © 2022 Architectural Institute of Japan. All rights reserved.

关键词： Piles

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Plugging Effect of Fine Pore Water in Opc and LC3 Paste During Accelerated Carbonation Monitored Via Single-Sided Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Cheng, Luge Kurihara, Ryo Ohkubo, Takahiro Kitagaki, Ryoma Suda, Yuya Teramoto, Atsushi Maruyama, Ippei Department of Architecture Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Tokyo113-8656 Japan Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University Chiba263-8522 Japan Division of Human Environmental Systems Graduate School of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo060-8628 Japan Department of Architecture Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima739-8527 Japan Civil Engineering Program Faculty of Engineering University of the Ryukyus Okinawa903-0213 Japan Nagoya University Japan

This study focuses on the investigation of the influence of CO2 concentration on the carbonation process in cementitious paste using ordinary Portlandite cement and limestone-calcined clay cement, specifically on the water content distribution. Employing single-sided nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for water profiling, we revealed that the water content of fine pores (interlayer space and gel pores) was consistent at the carbonation front under accelerated carbonation processes with CO2 concentrations of 5% and 1%, demonstrating the plugging effect where fine pore water governs the carbonation progress. This effect was absent under natural carbonation conditions because of the carbonation process was slower than drying. It was confirmed that the rate-determining mechanisms of natural and accelerated carbonation with CO2 concentrations greater than 1% were different. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbonation

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Coloured Concrete Produced from Low-Carbon Cements: Mechanical Properties, Chromatic Stability and Sustainability

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Jesus, Christianne F. Arruda, Euler S. Braga, Nállyton Sales T. Silva, João A. Barata, Márcio Santos Post-Graduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism Federal University of Pará Pará Belém Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Risk Management and Natural Disaster in Amazon Federal University of Pará Pará Belém Brazil

The global construction industry is responsible for 39% of CO2 emissions and for more than 50% of the extracted natural resources. Dematerialization and the use of low-carbon materials would be mitigating actions in the current scenario. In developing countries, where the housing deficit is high, a short-term solution could come from the construction of social housing using multipurpose coloured concrete casings, which have no rendering of mortars and paints and are produced from low-carbon cements. In the Amazon, the wide availability of light and kaolinite-rich waste would enable the production of low-carbon cements (LCC) from ternary mixtures of clinker, calcined kaolin waste and limestone. This study evaluated the performance of coloured concretes from these LCC against the weathering of the rainy equatorial climate of the Amazon. The LCC provided coloured concretes with good pigmentation capacity and a significant reduction in CO2 emissions. On the other hand, the use of such cement compromised the aesthetic quality of the envelope due to the low chromatic stability. The low alkalinity of the LCC favoured the growth of microorganisms, leading the concrete surfaces to become prematurely blackened, decreasing their albedo and, consequently, raising the surface temperature of the substrate, which compromises the thermos-energetic performance of the building. Nevertheless, the results are promising and justify the continuity of research using new compositions of limestone calcined clay cement associated with the use of more efficient surface protection systems. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Limestone

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Urban Rules and Morphology Analysis as Support to Solar Performance in Passo Fundo/RS, Brazil

Urban Rules and Morphology Analysis as Support to Solar Perf...

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Sustainable Built Environment Temuco 2019, SBE 2019 Temuco

作者： Moscarelli, F. Tibério Cardoso, G. Stricto Sensu Graduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism UniRitter-Laureate International Universities Porto Alegre RS Brazil Stricto Sensu Graduate Program Architecture and Urbanism Passo Fundo/RS Brazil

The expansion and densification of cities should be planned to ensure minimum health conditions for buildings. In this sense, this study is interested in the right to solar access for buildings using the analysis of solar envelope to propose urban forms that guarantee this right. The study is in the exploratory phase, and it is applied to the city of Passo Fundo, Brazil. The study started from an analysis of the pre-existing morphological structure, and the solar envelope was generated using the Ladybug tool plugins for Grasshopper and Diva applications in Rhinoceros software. The results showed that the pre-existing urban form has low solar performance, evidencing the need to review construction rules according to the pattern and positioning of lots. Thus, it is expected to be counterbalanced by the revision of urban rules, proposing subsidies for the reformulation and adequacy, or creation of new legislation. © 2020 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Morphology

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Analysis of Building Costs for Social Interest Housing in Central Areas

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Journal of Civil Engineering and architecture 2021年第12期15卷 614-626页

作者： Pedro de Seixas Corrêa Mônica Santos Salgado Architecture Graduate Program Federal University of Rio de Janeiro PROARQ FAU UFRJBrazil

Brazil’s continental dimensions bring huge challenges for the Federal Administration,particularly in relation to low income *** this sense,in 2009,Federal Government has launched a huge habitational program entitled“Minha Casa Minha Vida”(in English MHMLP-the“My House,My Life”program)which has been,so far,the biggest social housing Federal program,and has produced millions of SIH(social interest housing)*** program was discontinued in *** the program has been huge,there were few units built in urban centers,increasing the urban *** feasibility of SIH enterprises in the context of the MHMLP leads to the production towards the outskirts,where the land cost better fits the *** cost analysis,however,does not take into consideration future costs of an inefficient infrastructure,poor social services and public safety issues,with impact on the cities’operational *** paper compares the total building cost of SIH in peripheral and central areas,emphasizing the benefits of production in central areas when considering indirect operational and infrastructure *** research takes into account the infrastructure already available in central areas and the opportunity of appropriate abandoned or underutilized buildings and urban empty *** this sense,a case study has been conducted in two projects in the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro(RJ)comparing the estimated budget of SIH built far from urban centers,to the probable budget occupying underutilized *** indicate the necessity to review the parameters adopted when discussing the production of low income housing considering the cities’development as an integrated system.

关键词： SIH urban integration housing policy.

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The actual condition of the support projects for vacant house utilization in tokyo’s 23 wards: Case study of 5 wards introduced the support projects by 2018

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AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 2021年第65期27卷 429-433页

作者： Mishina, Yu Fujiga, Masato Graduate School of Engineering Architecture Program Kogakuin Univ. Kogakuin Univ.

This study analyzed the actual condition of the support projects for vacant house utilization in Tokyo’s 23 wards. As a result of interview researches in five wards set up this support projects, the subsidies per year are low, so this support was shown to be determinative. The activities of this subsidized organizations differed between wards. In addition, this subsidies were only for supplementing facility maintenance such as interior renovation, and subsidies were applied to vacant rooms instead of vacant houses. © 2021 Architectural Institute of Japan. All rights reserved.

关键词： Houses

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