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STIMULATORY EFFECTS OF LUNG CYTOCHROME B5 ON BENZPHETAMINE N-DEMETHYLATION IN A RECONSTITUTED SYSTEM CONTAINING LUNG CYTOCHROME P450LGM2

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF biochemistry 1994年第8期26卷 1033-1042页

作者： ARINC, E PASHA, RPK ADALI, O BASARAN, N Joint Graduate Program in Biochemistry Department of Biology Middle East Technical University Ankara Turkey

1. Cytochrome b 5 was partially purified from sheep lung microsomes in the presence of detergents Emulgen 913 and cholate by three consecutive DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatographies. 2. The specific content of cytochrome b 5 was 16.5 nmol/mg protein and purified cytochrome b 5 fractions were free of cytochrome P450, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and NADH-cytochrome b 5 reductase activities. 3. The influences of increasing concentrations of lung cytochrome b 5 on benzphetamine N-demethylation reactions were examined in four different reconstitution systems containing Lung cytochrome P450LgM2, lung cytochrome P450 reductase and lipid. In each system concentration of reductase was doubled with respect to former system. 4. In all systems cytochrome b 5 stimulated benzphetamine N-demethylase activity especially when cytochrome b 5 was present at 0.5:1 molar ratio with respect to cytochrome P450LgM2. 5. Besides, the greatest fold of increase in benzphetamine N-demethylation activity due to addition of cytochrome b 5 was observed in System 1 with the lowest concentration of reductase.

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ALCOHOLS INFLUENCE ON PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS - A NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODEL

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NUTRITION RESEARCH 1994年第8期14卷 1241-1295页

作者： HOJNACKI, JL Department of Biological Sciences Graduate Biochemistry Program University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA

Ethanol (EtOH) is a common component of the American diet which can contribute 5-18% of the total calories consumed by nonalcoholics and 35-50% of the total energy intake of alcoholics. Moderate alcohol consumption may protect against coronary heart disease (CHD) while excessive drinking has adverse cardiovascular effects. The underlying basis of the alcohol-heart disease relationship may involve the ability of this drug to modify the level of circulating lipoproteins, particularly atherogenic low density lipoproteins (LDL) and antiatherogenic high density lipoproteins (HDL). In an effort to overcome a number of dietary-lifestyle variables and intake reporting errors associated with human studies, an animal model (atherosclerosis-susceptible male squirrel monkeys) was developed which enabled investigators to deliver quantitative doses of EtOH (vodka) (substituted isocalorically for carbohydrate) to monkeys as part of a chemically defined liquid diet. The first part of this review describes experiments which evaluate the effect of alcohol dose (low, moderate, high), drinking period (acute vs. chronic), and drinking pattern (regular vs. binge) on lipoprotein composition, while the second part discusses the enzymatic/metabolic basis for the observed lipoprotein alterations. The concluding section proposes that high dose (24% calories) alcohol may induce alterations in liver membrane and/or lipoprotein receptors/binding sites which may slow the clearance of lipoproteins from the circulation and thus initiate a sequence of metabolic changes leading to elevations in LDL and HDL lipid and protein components. Enhanced de novo synthesis in response to high EtOH intake may further increase the plasma HDL concentration. An extended residence time in circulation of HDL particles may be beneficial in sequestering peripheral cholesterol for eventual excretion via the reverse cholesterol transport pathway given that HDL hepatic lipid degradation and sterol/bile acid excretion rema

关键词： ALCOHOL LIPOPROTEINS CORONARY HEART DISEASE

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CHLOROPLAST INTEGRITY AND BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTION

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PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1965年第6期40卷 1101-+页

作者： GEE, R WRITER, S SALTMAN, P Graduate Program of Biochemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles California.

Semi-intact chloroplasts were isolated from spinach leaves which contained grana and lamellar structures in the same conformation as in the intact leaf. However, outer membrane and stromal ground substance had been lost. The ability of these semi-intact chloroplasts to carry out the photoreduction of NADP+ and the photophosphorylation of ADP was tested. Sonic disruption as well as a more gentle aging procedure was used. Photoreduction of NADP+ was stimulated and protected from the effects of sonication by the addition of photosynthetic pyridine nucleotide reductase (PPNR). This enzyme is quickly lost from the chloroplast during its preparation. The addition of exogenous sources of electrons also enhanced photoreduction. Upon disruption by sonication, the ability to reduce NADP+ was rapidly lost. The rate of phosphate esterification in the light in the absence of any added electron carriers or enzymes was 6-10 times greater than had been observed for other isolated chloroplast preparations under similar assay conditions. This rate was stimulated by the addition of various co-factors involved in cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation. Although disruption of the chloroplasts by sonication or aging caused a loss of phosphorylating ability, there was a residual low activity. Phenazinemethosulfate, a stimulator of the cyclic pathway, was unique in that after short periods of sonication its activity was enhanced. Evidence is presented to indicate that 2 independent sites for photophosphorylation may be operative.

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CONVERSION OF D-ERYTHROSE TO D-FRUCTOSE BY RAT LIVER HOMOGENATES

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ARCHIVES OF biochemistry AND BIOPHYSICS 1967年第1期118卷 12-+页

作者： FLUHARTY, AL BAILEY, G GUIDICI, TA Department of Biological Sciences and the Graduate Program in Biochemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA

D-Erythrose-4-14C has been prepared by lead tetraacetate oxidation of D-glucose-6-14C, and its metabolism by rat liver homogenates has been investigated. Only a small number of radioactive materials resulted from the action of these homogenates on the labeled tetrose. The compound which accumulated in the largest amounts has been identified as D-fructose by chromatography and by co-derivitization with the known compound. The D-fructose derived from D-erythrose-4-l4C was found to contain all of its radioactivity in the 6 position. The component of the rat liver homogenate responsible for this interconversion has been shown to be heat-labile, unaffected by freezing and thawing, nonsedimentable at 100,000 g and non-dialyzable. After purification of the enzyme system by centrifugation and dialysis, D-fructose 6-phosphate was required and the activity showed some stimulation by thiamine pyrophosphate. The Mlchaelis constant for D-erythrose was found to be 3 x 10-3 M under the conditions of assay employed. These results are taken to indicate that the primary route of D-erythrose transformation in these homogenates proceeds by a transfer of a two-carbon fragment from transketolase or a transketolase like enzyme to the free tetrose yielding D-fructose.

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BPS2025 - Characterizing dimerization dynamics of FGFR3 and TrkA transmembrane domains

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Biophysical Journal 2025年第3期124卷 530a-530a页

作者： Shashank Shastry Zichen Wang University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate Program University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA

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Vitamin E nomenclature: Summary and response to articles published in the FRBM Vitamin E Discussion Forum

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Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2025年 234卷 277-282页

作者： Angelo Azzi Atkinson, Jeffrey Ozer, Nesrin Kartal Manor, Danny Wallert, Maria Galli, Francesco School of Graduate Biomedical Pharmacology and Drug Development Program Tufts University Boston MA United States Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology Brock University St. Catharines L2S3A1 ON Canada Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine and Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center Uskudar University Uskudar Istanbul 34662 Turkey Department of Nutrition School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland 44106 OH United States Biochemistry and Physiology of Nutrition Institute of Nutritional Science Friedrich Schiller University Jena Germany Human Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Lab Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Perugia Perugia 06122 Italy

The 3rd Vitamin E Satellite Symposium (VESS3) “100 years of vitamin E”, held in 2022 during the joint meeting of the Society for Free Radical Research (SFRR)-Europe branch and the Plant Oxygen Group (POG), was an occasion to reunite the scientific community interested in vitamin E and debate on its fundamentals in human nutrition one century after its discovery. This conference initiated a discussion forum dedicated to the revision of the nomenclature of vitamin E that was hosted in this journal (https://***/special-issue/10GWS76VWXX). The forum collected 8 papers, including the opening article “Vitamin E discussion forum - position paper on the revision of the nomenclature of vitamin E”(Azzi, Atkinson et al., 2023), that addressed the nomenclature issue essentially suggesting “to restrict to RRR-α-tocopherol the attribute of vitamin E″ and to identify “… other related molecules, including chroman-6-ols (i.e. non-α-tocopherols and tocotrienols) and chromen-6-ols by their chemical names until a disease is identified that is prevented by the specific compounds.”. The articles published in this forum issue are summarized and their final considerations critically evaluated. The consensus to have come out of these articles favors the original revision proposal, with the modification of including all 2R stereoisomers of α-tocopherol (α-TOH), in addition to RRR-α-TOH (natural form), in the definition of vitamin E. Further and more rigorous studies on the molecular and clinical aspects of vitamin E essentiality were also advised together with studies on the essentiality of other vitamin E-related compounds. © 2025 The Authors

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Chemical and physical characterization of atmospheric particulate matter under metallurgical influence and its biochemical effects on Allium cepa L. cells

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Ecotoxicology 2025年 1-17页

作者： Galter, Iasmini Nicoli Souza, Iara da Costa Silva, Enzo Zini Moreira Mansano, Adrislaine da Silva Monferrán, Magdalena V. Wunderlin, Daniel A. Aragão, Francielen Barroso Fernandes, Marisa Narciso Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie Genetics and Improvement Graduate Program Federal University of Espírito Santo Espírito Santo Alegre Brazil Postgraduate Program in Plant Biology Federal University of Espírito Santo Espírito Santo Vitória Brazil Department of Biological Sciences Federal University of Espírito Santo Espírito Santo Vitória Brazil Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group Physics Institute of São Carlos (IFSC) University of São Paulo (USP) São Paulo São Carlos Brazil Department of Clinical Biochemistry Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba and CONICET CIBICI Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba Argentina ICYTAC: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina Department of Physiological Sciences Federal University of São Carlos (DCF/UFSCar) São Paulo São Carlos Brazil

The municipality of Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, has recognized emissions of atmospheric particulate matter (APM) as an environmental and human health threat, emitted mainly by the mining and steel industries. The aim of this study was to characterize and quantify the chemical elements present in the metallic nanoparticles of APM from Vitória (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) and to evaluate their biochemical effects and those of the sedimentable APM (PM_45–75) on Allium cepa (onion) cells, as a bioindicator. The analyses consisted of characterization in aqueous solution;quantification of metals;X-ray diffraction analysis;and quantification of superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, ascorbate peroxidase, lipid peroxidation, and metallothionein in A. cepa cells exposed to seven concentrations of the collected materials. The results showed that these particles dissociate in water, forming agglomerates of different sizes, up to nanoparticles. The X-ray data demonstrated a higher proportion of hematite and quartz, corroborating the high quantification of Fe. Among the analyzed metals, Fe, Al, B, Mn, Se, Zn, Sr, Cu, Ni, Ba, and Ti (an emerging metal) had the highest concentrations. There was an increase in the antioxidant system of A. cepa cells. Therefore, it is essential to reinforce the monitoring and regulation of APM emissions, considering their chemical composition and biological effects. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Dynamic light scattering Metals Nanoparticle tracking analysis Oxidative stress PM10 PM2.5 X-ray

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Nutraceutical approaches for Autism Spectrum Disorder treatment

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Behavioural Brain Research 2025年 492卷

作者： Fernando Dobrachinski Kátia Alves Ribeiro Iverson Conrado Bezerra Artur José da Silva Camila Milagres Macedo Pereira Kelle Vellasques Heloísa Aiolfi Padilha Sandra Elisa Haas Daiana Silva Ávila Priscila Gubert Department of Basic Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT) Cuiabá Brazil Keizo Asami Institute iLIKA Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil Graduate Program in Biology Applied to Health PPGBAS Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics Laboratory LABFAR Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Uruguaiana Brazil Graduate Program in Biochemistry Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Uruguaiana Brazil Graduate Program in Biological Sciences Toxicological Biochemistry Federal University of Santa Maria Brazil Graduate Program in Pure and Applied Chemistry POSQUIPA Federal University of Western of Bahia Bahia Brazil

The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that has been increasing in prevalence and is characterized by some degree of difficulty with social interaction, communication, and sensory response. According to the World Health Organization, ASD affects 1 in 100 children, and many factors may cause brain alterations, such as genetic and environmental factors. Currently, there is no standard treatment for ASD. Notably, one of the hallmarks of this condition is neuroinflammation since it has been suggested that autism results from central nervous system derangements due to chronic inflammatory reactions, with activation of microglial cells. Therefore, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds may be nutraceutical supplements of interest to attenuate the impacts of neuroinflammation in ASD subjects. This review highlights the main molecules that have been successful in preclinical and clinical trials, as well as potential associations that might be further strategies to investigate.

关键词： ABA Applied Behavior Analysis ABC-C Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community ABC Aberrant Behavior Checklist AEA N-acylethanolamide AP-1 Activator Protein-1 ASD Autism Spectrum Disorder ASMT Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase ATEC Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist ATP Adenosine Triphosphate CAMP Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate CARS Autism Rating Scale CAT Catalase CGMP Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate CoQ10 Coenzyme Q10 COX-2 Cyclooxygenase-2 DD-CGAS Developmental Disabilities Modification of the Children's Global Assessment Scale ERK1/2 Extracellular signal-regulated kinase ESDM Early Start Denver Model ETC Electron Transport Chain GPx Glutathione peroxidase HO-1 Heme Oxygenase-1 ICAM-1 Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 IGF-1R Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor INOS Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase JASPER Joint Attention Symbolic Play Engagement Regulation LCPUFA Docosahexaenoic acid MAPKs Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases MDA Malondialdehyde MST Metabolic Support Therapy MT1 Melatonin receptor Type 1 A MT2 Melatonin receptor Type 2 NADH Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Hydride NDDs Neurodevelopmental Disorders NF-κB Nuclear Factor Kappa B NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate NO Nitric oxide Nrf2 Erythroid 2-related fator 2 P38 MAPK p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase PA Propionic Acid PEA Palmitoylethanolamide PGE2 Prostaglandin E2 POMC Pro-opiomelanocortin PPAR-α Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-α ROS Reactive Oxygen Species SCERTs Social Communication, Emotional Regulation and Transactional Support SIRT1 Sirtuin 1 SOD Superoxide dismutase TNF-α Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha TPH2 Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 VDRE Vitamin D Response Element VPA Valproic Acid Wnt Wingless-related integration site Vitamins Autism Spectrum Disorder Alternative therapies Natural products

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Separation of three P450 isozymes from liver microsomes of gilthead seabream treated with D-NF and partial purification of cytochrome P4501A1

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biochemistry AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 1997年第1期41卷 131-141页

作者： Sen, A Arinc, E Joint Graduate Program in Biochemistry Department of Biological Sciences Middle East Technical University 06531 Ankara Turkey

Three distinct cytochrome P450 isozymes, P4501A1, P4502B and an unidentified P450 isozyme were separated and isolated from beta-NF-treated gilthead seabream liver microsomes. Cytochrome P4501A1 was partially purified from beta-NF-treated gilthead seabream liver microsomes in the presence of detergents Emulgen 913 and cholate and protease inhibitors using two DEAE-cellulose, Porapak Q and two hydroxylapatite column chromatographies. The overall yield of purified P4501A1 was 1.2% with respect to microsomal total P450 with a specific content of 3 nmol/mg protein. The purified P4501A1 was characterized with respect to spectral, electrophoretic, biocatalytic and immunochemical properties, which are found to be similar to P4501A1s purified from other teleost species such as trout, scup, cod and perch suggesting that the P450 we have purified belongs to CYP1A1.

关键词： cytochrome P4501A1 purification gilthead seabream cytochrome P4502B

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Directed discovery of high-loading nanoaggregates enabled by drug-matched oligo-peptide excipients

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Chem 2025年

作者： Berisha, Naxhije Farahpour, Atena Ramakrishnan, Maithreyi Chen, Chen McPhee, Scott A. Wang, Tong Li, Tai-De Hema, Kuntrapakam Panagiotakopoulou, Magdalini Athiyarath, Vignesh Coste, Maeva Marciano, Yaron Sherman, Emmet Ulijn, Rein V. Heller, Daniel A. Nanoscience Initiative Advanced Science Research Center CUNY Graduate Center City University of New York New York 10031 NY United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Hunter College City University of New York New York 10065 NY United States PhD Program in Chemistry CUNY Graduate Center City University of New York New York 10016 NY United States Molecular Pharmacology Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York 10065 NY United States Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York 10065 NY United States Department of Physics City College of New York City University of New York New York 10031 NY United States Department of Chemistry Brooklyn College City University of New York 2900 Bedford Avenue Brooklyn 11210 NY United States PhD Program in Biochemistry CUNY Graduate Center City University of New York New York 10016 NY United States Weill Cornell Medicine Cornell University New York 10065 NY United States

Nanoparticles can improve drug pharmacokinetics, but low loading efficiencies can limit treatment efficacy. Drug-aggregation-based nanoparticles have demonstrated improved loadings of up to 90%, but few excipients facilitate efficient co-assembly. We investigated peptides as designer excipients because of their diverse chemical space and inherent biodegradability. We designed pentapeptide scaffolds to mimic the structure of known indocyanine excipients by modulating aromaticity, rigidity, and charge. We screened 184 formulations by using diverse drug cargoes. We found drug-peptide combinations that formed nanoparticles with up to 98% drug loading. Molecular dynamics simulations and mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that tryptophan-drug interactions and solvent exposure of charged amino acid residues drove the formation of core-shell structures. Peptide-drug formulations containing the JAK2/FLT3 inhibitor lestaurtinib were investigated in acute myeloid leukemia models, resulting in enhanced anti-tumor efficacy. This work found that oligopeptides can be designed to efficiently co-assemble with therapeutic cargoes to result in high-loading nanoparticles that improve anti-tumor efficacy. © 2024

关键词： co-assembly directed discovery drug delivery excipient nanocarrier design nanoparticle oligopeptides SDG3: Good health and well-being

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