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2023 Advances in Science and engineering Technology International Conferences, ASET 2023

作者： Baz Khan, Kashif Rast Al-Othman, Amani Al-Nashash, Hasan Al-Sayah, Mohammad American University of Sharjah Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program Sharjah United Arab Emirates American University of Sharjah Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Sharjah United Arab Emirates American University of Sharjah Department of Electrical Engineering Sharjah United Arab Emirates American University of Sharjah Chemistry and Environmental Sciences Sharjah United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9781665454742

Research applications of neural sensing and muscle stimulation have been advanced by the development of bioelectrodes that are biocompatible, flexible and long lasting. The existing metallic made bioelectrodes exhibit extremely high electrochemical resistances that would interfere with the neural-electrode bridge and suffer from mechanical and immunological mismatch. Novel, flexible, implantable bioelectrodes based on MXenes (Ti3C2) and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite are proposed. Mxenes possess the advantage of having metallic ultra-conductive transition metals consisting of large groups of carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides, while PDMS has inherent biostability, flexibility and biocompatibility. In the current research, PDMS has been used as the supporting matrix for conductive fillers such as PMMA, PEDOT, and Mxenes. A series of characterization techniques were performed such as Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and mechanical testing. The average results of triplicate samples exhibited samples' bulk impedance of 0.913 kΩ, an impedance of 1.612 MΩ, at 1 kHz frequency and a conductivity of 1.41x10-4S/cm, charge storage capacity of 0.056 mC/cm2 and Young's modulus of 3.81 MPa. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Elastic moduli

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3D scaffolds-specific cellular mechanoresponse as a pivotal regulating factor in tissue engineering

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JMST Advances 2024年第2期6卷 121-134页

作者： Ahn, Yejin Chang, Hyewon Baek, Jieung Department of Biological Sciences Pusan National University Busan Republic of Korea Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul Republic of Korea Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul Republic of Korea

In tissue engineering, the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) or scaffolds have increasingly been considered to impact therapeutic efficacy by regulating cell behaviors, including differentiation, proliferation, migration, and adhesion. However, the understanding of how cells sense, integrate, and convert the mechanical cues from the ECM cues into biochemical signals to control certain cell behaviors is still elusive, especially in 3D, which more closely mimics the natural microenvironment than 2D systems. This review highlights the key differences between 2 and 3D in the contexts of mechanoregulative cell behaviors such as cell adhesion, spreading, migration, and force transmission. Furthermore, critical designing factors that needs to be considered for the fabrication of 3D tissue engineering scaffolds is discussed: stiffness, viscoelasticity, degradability, and the immobilization of biomolecules. Although mechanotransduction in 3D is actively being studied, understanding cellular mechanotransduction in 3D and designing of mechanoregulative 3D scaffolds still presents several challenges, including varying mechanical properties depending on different tissues, dynamic mechanical environments, and integration of multimodal cues. Interdisciplinary methodologies encompassing material engineering, cell biology, and mechanical engineering would serve to mitigate these challenges and augment our understanding of mechanoregulation governing cellular behaviors, thus fostering advancements in biomedical applications in the future.

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Optically-generated focused ultrasound for noninvasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第11期11卷 2817-2831页

作者： Yueming Li Ying Jiang Lu Lan Xiaowei Ge Ran Cheng Yuewei Zhan Guo Chen Linli Shi Runyu Wang Nan Zheng Chen Yang Ji-Xin Cheng Department of Mechanical Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Graduate Program for Neuroscience Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Chemistry Boston UniversitBostonMA 02215USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Division of Materials Science and Engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02142USA

High precision neuromodulation is a powerful tool to decipher neurocircuits and treat neurological *** non-invasive neuromodulation methods offer limited precision at the milimeter ***,we report opticallygenerated focused ultrasound(OFUS)for non-invasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh *** is generated by a soft optoacoustic pad(SOAP)fabricated through embedding candle soot nanoparticles in a curved polydimethylsiloxane *** generates a transcranial ultrasound focus at 15 MHz with an ultrahigh lateral resolution of 83μm,which is two orders of magnitude smaller than that of conventional transcranial-focused ultrasound(tFUS).Here,we show effective OFUS neurostimulation in vitro with a single ultrasound *** demonstrate submillimeter transcranial stimulation of the mouse motor cortex in *** acoustic energy of 0.6 mJ/cm?,four orders of magnitude less than that of tFUS,is suffcient for successful OFUS *** offers new capabilities for neuroscience studies and disease treatments by delivering a focus with ultrahigh precision noninvasively.

关键词： SOAP stimulation precision

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Assessment of force control improvement induced by sinusoidal vibrotactile stimulation in dominant and non-dominant hands

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Research on biomedical engineering 2021年第1期37卷 95-103页

作者： Germer, Carina Marconi Moreira, Luciana Sobral Elias, Leonardo Abdala Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Campinas CampinasSP Brazil Neural Engineering Research Laboratory Center for Biomedical Engineering University of Campinas CampinasSP Brazil Cellular and Structural Biology Graduate Program Institute of Biology University of Campinas CampinasSP Brazil Faculty of Biological Sciences Center for Life Sciences Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas CampinasSP Brazil

Purpose: Vibrotactile stimulation has been shown to improve sensorimotor integration in the central nervous system, thereby enhancing motor performance in several conditions. Here we aim to address two questions: (1) Would lateral asymmetries yielding handedness influence the force control improvement induced by sinusoidal vibrotactile stimulation? (2) Does the force control improvement depend on finding an optimum stimulus intensity? Methods: Eleven participants performed a visually guided force-matching task, while different intensities of sinusoidal vibrations were applied to the index finger skin. Tasks consisted of abductions of the index fingers of dominant and non-dominant hands at 5% of their maximal voluntary contractions. The force coefficient of variation (CoV) in the condition without vibration was used as the reference (control) for later comparison with five vibration intensities. Also, force CoV in the control condition was compared with those obtained from the optimal vibration selected either from both hands or from a single hand (the one that started the experiment). Results: Despite the known sensory asymmetries in cortical and spinal circuits, handedness did not significantly influence the improvement of force control induced by sinusoidal vibrotactile stimulation during low-intensity contractions. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in force variability irrespective of the criteria used to select the vibration intensity. Conclusion: These findings add to the current knowledge on the effects of sinusoidal vibrotactile stimulation on force control and have potential implications for the development of wearable motor enhancer devices. © 2020, Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharia Biomedica.

关键词： Force control

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Investigation of Methodologies for Extracting Individual Brain Oscillations: Comparisons & Insights

Investigation of Methodologies for Extracting Individual Bra...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Xuanteng Yan Marie-Hélène Boudrias Georgios D. Mitsis Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical Engineering McGill University Montréal Canada School of Physical & Occupational Therapy McGill University Montréal Canada Department of Bioengineering McGill University Montréal Canada

There is increasing evidence that the effects of non-invasive brain stimulation can be maximized when the applied intervention matches internal brain oscillations. Extracting individual brain oscillations is thus a necessary step for implementing personalized brain stimulation. In this context, different methods have been proposed for obtaining subject-specific spectral peaks from electrophysiological recordings. However, comparing the results obtained using different approaches is still lacking. Therefore, in the present work, we examined the following methodologies in terms of obtaining individual motor-related EEG spectral peaks: fast Fourier Transform analysis, power spectrum density analysis, wavelet analysis, and a principal component based time-frequency analysis. We used EEG data obtained when performing two different motor tasks – a hand grip task and a hand opening- and-closing task. Our results showed that both the motor task type and the specific method for performing the analysis had considerable impact on the extraction of subject-specific oscillation spectral *** Relevance—This exploratory study provides insights into the potential effects of using different methods to extract individual brain oscillations, which is important for designing personalized brain-machine-interfaces.

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LoraMap: Harnessing the Power of LoRA Connections

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Park, Hyeryun Kwak, Jeongwon Jang, Dongsuk Park, Sumin Choi, Jinwook Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering Graduate School Seoul National University Korea Republic of Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science Graduate School Seoul National University Korea Republic of Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine Seoul National University Korea Republic of Medical Research Center Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of

Fact-checking techniques can mitigate hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs), a prominent issue in specialized domains. As parameter-efficient techniques such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) can overcome substantial computational overhead, some studies have explored the integration of multiple LoRAs. While previous studies focus on parallel integration, this paper investigates methods to establish connections among multiple LoRAs. We create three reasoning datasets tailored to fact-checking and fine-tune individual LoRAs, allowing them to view and reason from diverse perspectives. Then, we explore strategies for allocating these reasoning LoRAs and introduce LoraMap, an approach to map connections between them. The results of the fact-checking task demonstrate that the performance of LoraMap is superior to LoraHub, an existing method for integrating LoRAs. LoraMap also outperforms with significantly fewer trainable parameters than LoraConcat, which concatenates LoRAs and further fine-tunes them. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Problem oriented languages

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Mxene/Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Based Implantable and Flexible Bioelectrodes for Neural Sensing

Mxene/Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Based Implantable and Flex...

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Advances in Science and engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET)

作者： Kashif Rast Baz Khan Amani Al-Othman Hasan Al-Nashash Mohammad Al-Sayah Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE Department of Electrical Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE Chemistry and Environmental Sciences American University of Sharjah Sharjah UAE

Research applications of neural sensing and muscle stimulation have been advanced by the development of bioelectrodes that are biocompatible, flexible and long lasting. The existing metallic made bioelectrodes exhibit extremely high electrochemical resistances that would interfere with the neural-electrode bridge and suffer from mechanical and immunological mismatch. Novel, flexible, implantable bioelectrodes based on MXenes (Ti 3 C 2 ) and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite are proposed. Mxenes possess the advantage of having metallic ultra-conductive transition metals consisting of large groups of carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides, while PDMS has inherent biostability, flexibility and biocompatibility. In the current research, PDMS has been used as the supporting matrix for conductive fillers such as PMMA, PEDOT, and Mxenes. A series of characterization techniques were performed such as Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and mechanical testing. The average results of triplicate samples exhibited samples' bulk impedance of 0.913 kΩ, an impedance of 1.612 MΩ, at 1 kHz frequency and a conductivity of 1.41x10 -4 S/cm, charge storage capacity of 0.056 mC/cm 2 and Young's modulus of 3.81 MPa.

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Chaperone proteins as ameliorators of α-synuclein-induced synaptic pathologies: insights into Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1198-1199页

作者： Susan M.L.Banks Audrey T.Medeiros Rui Sousa Eileen M.Lafer Jennifer R.Morgan Department of Biology Florida Southern CollegeLakelandFLUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience The University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology&Tissue Engineering Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods HoleMAUSA

α-Synuclein accumulation causes synaptic vesicle trafficking defects and may underlie neurodegenerative disorders:Neurodegenerative disorders,such as Parkinson’s disease(PD)and other synucleinopathies,impact the lives of millions of patients and their *** include PD,dementia with Lewy Bodies(DLB),multiple system atrophy,and several Alzheimer’s Disease *** are clinically characterized by intracellular inclusions called Lewy Bodies,which are rich in atypical aggregates of the protein α-*** dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra are particularly susceptible toα-synuclein-induced aggregation and neurodegeneration,glutamatergic neurons in other brain regions(***)are also frequently affected in PD and other synucleinopathies(Schulz-Schaeffer 2010).

关键词： cortex Alzheimer insight

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Advances in transcription factor delivery: Target selection, engineering strategies, and delivery platforms

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Journal of Controlled Release 2025年 384卷 113885页

作者： Lee, Yeji Yoo, Seongkyeong Cho, Seongeon Kim, Iljin Kim, In-San KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center Biomedical Research Institute Korea Institute Science and Technology Seoul02792 Korea Republic of Department of Pharmacology and Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering Inha University College of Medicine Incheon22212 Korea Republic of Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication Inha University College of Medicine Incheon22212 Korea Republic of

Recent advances in delivery systems for transcription factors (TFs) have opened new therapeutic opportunities in regenerative medicine, cancer therapy, and genetic disorders. However, effective TF delivery still faces substantial obstacles, including limited cellular uptake, inefficient nuclear translocation, low cargo stability, and insufficient target specificity. Furthermore, artificial TFs have enabled targeted modulation of gene expression, further expanding their therapeutic potential. This review comprehensively discusses current progress in TF delivery methodologies, including direct TF protein delivery using cell-penetrating peptides, and extracellular vesicles, as well as TF gene delivery approaches utilizing both lipid-based nanoparticles and viral strategies. Notably, engineered nanoparticles have emerged as promising platforms due to their precise control over TF delivery, improved specificity, and minimized off-target effects. Despite these significant advancements, major hurdles in delivery efficiency, cargo stability, and overall safety persist. Overcoming these obstacles will be essential to accelerate the clinical translation of TF-based therapeutics for a broad spectrum of diseases. © 2024

关键词： Transcription factors

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engineering FRET biosensor for H3K9 acetylation imaging in single living cells

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Med-X 2024年第1期2卷 446-461页

作者： Shitian Li Chang Sun Reed E.S.Harrison Leonardo Cheng Li Gao Longwei Liu Yingxiao Wang Qin Peng Department of Bioengineering Institute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Biological Sciences Graduate Program University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Institute of Systems and Physical Biology Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhen 518132China Alfred E.Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089USA School of Chemical Engineering and Technology North University of ChinaTaiyuanShanxi 030051China

Histone acetylation is an important epigenetic modification that governs gene expression,chromatin changes in stress response,and cell fate *** biosensors have been developed for various epigenetic events to enable spatiotemporal tracking of sub-cellular signaling *** reported histone H3 acetylation biosensor recognizing two acetyl residues lacked *** this study,using a single bromodomain of the BRD4,we have developed a genetically encoded H3K9ac *** systematically investigated different combinations of the BET family protein as binding domains and performed site-saturated mutagenesis to optimize the biosensor,achieving a dynamic FRET change up to 30%under TSA *** the application of the optimized H3K9ac biosensor,we revealed different basal active chromatin architectures in invasive tumor cells compared to benign tumor ***,we found that H3K9ac level increased dramatically when cancer cells passed through microchannels,which models the physical constraints and mechanical microenvironmental conditions that cancer cells encounter when passing through narrow spaces within the *** result highlights the chromatin plasticity in response to external mechanical *** summary,our H3K9ac biosensor provides a versatile tool for mechanistic investigation of cell fate transition in cancer and mechanotransduction.

关键词： FRET biosensor H3K9 acetylation Nuclear deformation Cancer cell migration

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