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Medical Imaging 2025: Physics of Medical Imaging

作者： Xia, Shao-Jun Vancoillie, Liesbeth Sotoudeh-Paima, Saman Zarei, Mojtaba Ho, Fong Chi Tushar, Fakrul Islam Chen, Xiaoyang Dahal, Lavsen Lafata, Kyle J. Abadi, Ehsan Lo, Joseph Y. Samei, Ehsan Center for Virtual Imaging Trials Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Labs Department of Radiology Durham United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Durham United States Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Durham United States Medical Physics Graduate Program Durham United States Department of Physics Durham United States Department of Radiation Oncology Duke University Durham United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781510685888

In medical imaging, harmonization plays a crucial role in reducing variability arising from diverse imaging devices and protocols. Patient images obtained under different computed tomography (CT) scan conditions may show varying performance when analyzed using an artificial intelligence model or quantitative assessment. This necessitates the need for harmonization. Virtual imaging trial (VIT) through digital simulation can be used to develop and assess the effectiveness of harmonization models to minimize data variability. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of a VIT platform for harmonization across a range of lung imaging scenarios. To ensure consistent and reliable analysis across different virtual imaging datasets, we conducted a multi-objective assessment encompassing three typical task-based scenarios: lung structure segmentation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) quantification, and lung nodule quantification. A physics-informed deep neural network was applied as the unified harmonization model for all three tasks. Evaluation results before and after harmonization reveal three findings: 1) modestly improved Dice scores and reduced Hausdorff Distances at 95th Percentile in lung structure segmentation;2) decreased variation in biomarkers and radiomics features in COPD quantification;and 3) increased number of radiomics features with high intraclass correlation coefficient in lung nodule quantification. The results demonstrate the significant potential of harmonization across various task-based scenarios and provide a benchmark for the design of efficient harmonizers. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Lung cancer

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The effect of stereochemical constraints on the radius of gyration of folded proteins

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Logan, Jack A. Sumner, Jacob Grigas, Alex T. Shattuck, Mark D. O'Hern, Corey S. Department of Mechanical Engineering Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Graduate Program in Computational Biology & Biomedical Informatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

Proteins are composed of linear chains of amino acids that fold into complex three-dimensional structures. A general feature of folded proteins is that they are compact with a radius of gyration Rg(N) ∼ Nν that obeys power-law scaling with the number of amino acids N in each protein and ν ∼ 1/3. In this study, we investigate the internal scaling of the radius of gyration Rg(n) versus the chemical separation n between amino acids for all subchains of length n. We show that for globular proteins Rg(n) ∼ nν1,2 with a larger exponent ν1 > 1/3 for small n and a smaller exponent ν2 g(N) ∝ Nν. To describe this scaling behavior for Rg(n), we carry out folding simulations for a series of coarse-grained models for proteins beginning with the freely-jointed and freely-rotating chain models composed of spherical monomers and varying degrees of stereochemical constraints. We show that a minimal model, which coarse-grains amino acids into a single spherical backbone atom and one variable-sized spherical side-chain atom, and enforces bend- and dihedral-angle constraints, can recapitulate Rg(n) for x-ray crystal structures of globular proteins. In addition, this model predicts the correct average packing fraction and size of the hydrophobic core, which are two key physical features that can be used to distinguish between computational 'decoys' and correctly folded proteins in protein design applications. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Spheres

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Dynamically changing extracellular matrix stiffness drives Schwann cell phenotype

Matrix Biology Plus

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Matrix Biology Plus 2025年 25卷 100167页

作者： Montgomery, Alyssa Westphal, Jennifer Bryan, Andrew E. Harris, Greg M. Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati 45221 OH United States Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati 45221 OH United States Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati 45267 OH United States Cincinnati VA Medical Center Cincinnati 45220 OH United States

Schwann cells (SCs) hold key roles in axonal function and maintenance in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and are a critical component to the regeneration process following trauma. Following PNS trauma, SCs respond to both physical and chemical signals to modify phenotype and assist in the regeneration of damaged axons and extracellular matrix (ECM). There is currently a lack of knowledge regarding the SC response to dynamic, temporal changes in the ECM brought on by swelling and the development of scar tissue as part of the body's wound-healing process. Thus, this work seeks to utilize a biocompatible, mechanically tunable biomaterial to mimic changes in the microenvironment following injury and over time. Previously, we have reported that ECM cues such as ligand type and substrate stiffness impact SC phenotype and plasticity, which was demonstrated by SCs on mechanically stable biomaterials. However, to better realize SC potential for plasticity following traumatic injury, a UV-tunable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate with dynamically changing stiffness was utilized to mimic changes over time in the microenvironment. The dynamic biomaterial showed an increase in stress fibers, greater YAP expression, and fluctuations in c-Jun production in SCs in comparison to stiff and soft static controls. Utilizing biomaterials to better understand the role between temporal mechanical dynamics and SC phenotype holds a very high potential for developing future PNS therapies. © 2024

关键词： Biomaterials Extracellular matrix Fibrosis Mechanotransduction PNS injury Schwann cell

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Asymmetric Modulation of Brain Connectivity by Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Healthy Individuals: A Single-Blind, Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial

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Human Brain Mapping 2025年第7期46卷 e70218页

作者： Carther-Krone, Tiffany McAllister, Zachary A. Choi, Eun Hyung Ryner, Lawrence Ko, Ji Hyun Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science Max Rady College of Medicine University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada PrairieNeuro Research Centre Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine Winnipeg Health Science Centre Winnipeg Canada Department of Radiology Max Rady College of Medicine University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering Price Faculty of Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has shown asymmetric behavioral effects, though the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. In this preliminary study with 34 healthy individuals, tDCS was applied to either the left or right DLPFC or a sham group. Behavioral and neurophysiological changes were examined by the Stroop test and resting-state fMRI, respectively, which were measured before and after a 15-min tDCS session. Seed-to-voxel connectivity analysis with seeds placed under the tDCS target regions (F3 and F4) showed no significant changes, but voxel-to-voxel whole-brain intrinsic connectivity (IC) analysis revealed significant 3 × 2 interaction effects (stimulation site × time) in the right DLPFC (18 mm off from the F4). Post hoc analysis showed that only the right DLPFC stimulation led to an increase in IC from pre- to post-stimulation. Consistent with this finding, right DLPFC stimulation improved Stroop task performance measured by increased interference score, which represents better inhibition of irrelevant information. These findings provide further insights into the hemispheric difference of tDCS effects and its underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. However, the small sample size limits the generalizability of the results and necessitates further research with a larger cohort for confirmation. © 2025 The Author(s). Human Brain Mapping published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

关键词： dorsolateral prefrontal cortex fMRI interference score intrinsic connectivity Stroop task transcranial direct current stimulation

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Do Sites Benefit Equally from Distributed Learning in Medical Image Analysis? 2nd

Do Sites Benefit Equally from Distributed Learning in Medi...

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2nd International Workshop on Fairness of AI in Medical Imaging, FAIMI 2024, and 3rd International Workshop on Ethical and Philosophical Issues in Medical Imaging, EPIMI 2024, Held in Conjunction with the International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Interventions, MICCAI 2024

作者： Souza, Raissa Stanley, Emma A. M. Camicioli, Richard Monchi, Oury Ismail, Zahinoor Wilms, Matthias Forkert, Nils D. Department of Radiology Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary Canada Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program University of Calgary Calgary Canada Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary Calgary Canada University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Department of Radiology Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine Université de Montréal Montréal Canada Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal Montréal Canada Department of Clinical Neurosciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Canada Department of Psychiatry University of Calgary Calgary Canada Clinical and Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences University of Exeter Exeter United Kingdom Department of Pediatrics University of Calgary Calgary Canada Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Calgary Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783031727863

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to make medical image analysis more accessible to healthcare institutions worldwide. However, when trained on multi-site datasets, models may excel with data from certain institutions but struggle with others, even when exposed to their training data. This emphasizes the importance of investigating whether all sites benefit from AI models, especially within distributed learning setups. Distributed learning methods allow access to broader and more diverse datasets from multiple sites during training. In this context, the travelling model (TM) paradigm has demonstrated superior performance in limited data scenarios, making it particularly relevant in low-resource settings. This work investigates whether all sites can benefit from TM development and identifies the factors influencing performance disparities. Specifically, a Parkinson’s disease (PD) database comprising 1,817 neuroimaging datasets from 83 different sites is utilized to investigate how site-specific and participant-specific factors influence the performance of TM in classifying PD. Therefore, we analyze the false positive rate (FPR) and false negative rate (FNR) to identify the characteristics contributing to misdiagnosis. Our findings reveal disparities in benefits across sites, with class imbalance emerging as the major factor influencing FPR and FNR, especially for sites with more PD cases. This research underscores the urgency of a rigorous analysis of a model’s behaviour in distributed setups to detect misdiagnosis risks and encourage developers to evaluate and optimize models beyond overall accuracy. Thus, comprehensive analyses of this type can help pave the way for the development of more equitable AI-based medical imaging models. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Design of an Fc Mutation to Abrogate Fcγ Receptor Binding Based on Residue Interaction Network Analysis

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ACS Synthetic Biology 2025年 2025 Apr 29页

作者： Jebamani, Petrina Jo, Migyeong Park, Suhyun Kim, Suyeon Jung, Sang Taek Lee, Sun-Gu Wu, Sangwook Department of Chemical Engineering Pusan National University Busan 46241 South Korea Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 South Korea Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 South Korea Department of Physics Pukyong National University Busan 48513 South Korea Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 South Korea PharmCADD 1102-ho 60 Centum Jungang-ro Haeundae-gu Busan 48059 South Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences Graduate School Korea University Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 South Korea BK21 Graduate Program Department of Biomedical Sciences Korea University College of Medicine Seoul 02841 South Korea

Immunoglobulins mediate their immune responses through interactions with Fc γ-receptors (FcγRs) on immune cells, triggering crucial responses such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). While enhancing these interactions can be beneficial, in certain therapeutic scenarios, such as cytokine or receptor blockade therapies, it is critical to reduce FcγR binding to avoid adverse immune reactions. This study aims to design negative mutations in the Fc region to reduce Fcγ receptor binding based on the residue interaction network analysis. The mutation sites of Fc were targeted through betweenness centrality analysis, and mutations were designed by focusing on hydrophobic to hydrophilic residue changes. The negative effect of the designed mutants on binding affinity was verified by previous reports and binding experiments. From this study, we identified a new Fc variant candidate (V263(B)D) that lacks a binding affinity for Fcγ receptors. This research highlights a strategic approach for designing Fc mutations that effectively reduce immune activation, which may be valuable in therapeutic contexts, where immune response moderation is crucial. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： betweenness centrality Fc FcγRIIIa IgG inhibiting mutations residue interaction network analysis

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Advances in mucomodulator therapy for treatment of excess airway mucus in patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis

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Recent Patents on Materials Science 2012年第3期5卷 222-240页

作者： Ragavan, Anpalaki J. Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering University of Nevada MS 400 Reno NV 89557 United States

Excessive mucus and subsequent airway plugging lead to airway mucus hyper-secretion, airway obstruction, airflow limitation, ventilation-perfusion mismatch and impairment of gas exchange. Additionally, excess mucus prevents proper deposition of inhaled medications on the airway epithelium thereby reducing the response of airway epithelial cells to medication, and impairment of mucociliary function, encouraging bacterial colonization leading to repeated chest infections and exacerbations. Several pharmacological agents currently in use for airway diseases have unfortunate side effects and suboptimal pharmacokinetic properties with a narrow margin of safety. Airway inflammation and subsequent accumulation of inflammatory products in expectorated secretions including polymeric DNA, actin, bacteria and bacterial breakdown products mainly make the sputum purulent during airway diseases. The recent inventions to control inflammation and accumulation of inflammatory products in airways of patients suffering from mucus hyper-secretion do not take into consideration that defense and clearance of airways of patients with airway diseases are to a large extent dependent on cough due to the damage to the ciliary mechanism and thickened mucus. Treatment of patents for excess mucus during airway diseases should target first cough clearance leading progressively to mucociliary clearance. There is also evidence from recent inventions that prevention or treatment of inflammation related disorders such as atopic allergy, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases can aggravate conditions related to cystic fibrosis through the down regulation of calcium induced chloride channels. Treatment of airway mucus hyper-secretion and retention by simultaneously controlling more than one mechanism involved may be a more effective therapeutic strategy. © 2012 Bentham Science Publishers.

关键词： Disease control

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Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy for Knee Osteoarthritis Using a Deep Learning Approach

Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy for Knee Osteoarthritis Using ...

引用

International Symposium on Applied Science 2024, ISAS 2024

作者： Raza, Aquib Ching, Congo Tak Shing Liu, Peng-Ta Phan, Thien-Luan Tran, Ngoc-Luan Nguyen, Ha Anh T. Rameez, Mohammad Li, Hung-Chung Linh, Dao Nguyen Phuong Van Hieu, Nguyen Tran, Trung Nghia National Taiwan University Taipei City10673 Taiwan Research Center for Information Technology Academia Sinica Taipei City11529 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Chi Nan University Nantou County Taiwan Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan International Doctoral Program in Agriculture National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan Fall Prevention Center Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Changhua Christian Hospital Changhua500 Taiwan Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering University of Science Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City70000 Viet Nam Department of Computer Science University of York York HeslingtonYO10 5DD United Kingdom Undergraduate Program of Intellectual Creativity Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan Ho Chi Minh City72409 Viet Nam HCMUT Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Thu Duc Ho Chi Minh City71308 Viet Nam

This research introduces a deep learning framework that combines convolutional neural networks with autoencoders to improve the diagnostic accuracy of knee osteoarthritis. The study utilized a publicly available dataset from the Mendeley Data repository, where knee joint images were preprocessed using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization to enhance contrast and ensure consistent image sizing. Initially, an autoencoder was employed in an unsupervised manner to learn compressed representations of the data. These representations were then used to train a CNN to classify knee images into 'healthy' and 'osteoarthritic' categories. The model was trained using an 80:20 split for training and testing data, incorporating early stopping and data augmentation techniques to prevent overfitting and enhance generalization. Performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROCAUC) were used to evaluate the model, resulting in a high test accuracy of 98.95%. The high precision and recall rates further confirmed the model's robustness in diagnosing KOA. To enhance interpretability, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) was applied to identify critical regions in the images that influenced the model's decisions. Additionally, t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) was used to visualize the high-dimensional encoded features in a two-dimensional space, providing deeper insights into how the model differentiates between classes. The promising results of this deep learning approach suggest its potential for broader applications in medical imaging diagnostics. By providing healthcare professionals with a tool that enhances diagnostic accuracy and operational efficiency, this framework lays the foundation for developing scalable, AI-driven diagnostic systems for various complex medical conditions. © 2025 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Joints (anatomy)

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The development of video laryngoscope via additive manufacturing for use in a pre-hospital environment

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Research on biomedical engineering 2024年第1期40卷 15-23页

作者： Alves, Marcio Allan Foggiatto, Jose Aguiomar Berti, Lucas Freitas Ulbricht, Leandra Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering Universidade Federal Tecnológica do Paraná Curitiba Brazil Graduate Program in Mechanical and Materials Engineering Universidade Federal Tecnológica do Paraná Curitiba Brazil

Purpose: Due to failures that occur during intubation, some authors advocate that intubation should always be done with a video laryngoscope. What makes the implementation of this recommendation difficult, especially in developing countries, is the high price of the device. Thus, the objective of this study is to present a low-cost video laryngoscope developed via additive manufacturing, being the first device to have the safety parameters duly tested according to the ISO 7673:2020 standard. Methods: A video laryngoscope with a Macintosh-type rigid blade was developed. After modeling it in the CAD-3D SolidWorks® program, the prototype was printed in PLA (polylactic acid), and load and fatigue tests were carried out with the MTS 810/793 testing machine. Results: The main results were an improvement in ergonomics (with a better fixation of the camera wire and camera positioning). Load and fatigue tests showed compliance with the requirements of the ISO 7673:2020 standard. The first is that when subjected to a traction force of 65 N, the center of illumination must not move more than 10 mm (the average movement was only 3.95 mm). The second is that when subjected to a traction force of 150 N, the laryngoscope blade must not break (348 N of load was applied and the piece resisted without breaking). Conclusion: It was shown that the Macintosh-type PLA video laryngoscope has the potential to become a safe and low-cost tool in the emergency intubation arsenal. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of biomedical engineering 2023.

关键词： 3D printing

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Combination of antimicrobial peptide and clinical antibiotic shows enhanced potency toward Acinetobacter baumannii infection

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European Journal of Pharmacology 2025年 999卷

作者： Yeh, Jih-Chao Yang, Chin-Hao Hazam, Prakash Kishore Selvaraj, Sanjay Prasad Lin, You-Ying Hsieh, Chu-Yi Liou, Je-Wen Chen, Jyh-Yih Marine Research Station Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology Academia Sinica 23-10 Dawen Rd. Jiaushi Ilan 262 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering College of Medicine Tzu Chi University Hualien 970 Taiwan Molecular and Biological Agricultural Science Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biotechnology National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan The IEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center and the Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan

The continued development of novel antimicrobial treatment strategies is crucial for maintaining an effective therapeutic arsenal, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibit promising activities against a wide range of pathogens. In this study, we tested the combined effects of an AMP, TP4-3, and meropenem on Acinetobacter baumannii, which is responsible for many severe infections and is associated with high rates of overall mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to develop an effective combination therapy for microbial infections. TP4-3 and meropenem were found to act synergistically toward Acinetobacter baumannii and exhibit an activity profile better than those of the individual compounds. TP4-3 is an antimicrobial peptide with proven activity, low toxicity and extended stability. This AMP was combined with meropenem and tested for efficacy against A. baumannii using a panel of in vitro and in vivo tests. The combination of TP4-3 and meropenem exhibited robust activity against Acinetobacter baumannii pathogens. In particular, the combined treatment demonstrated significant antibiofilm properties and a lower degree of induced resistance than meropenem alone. Additionally, the combination showed an excellent activity profile in in vivo studies. Thus, the combination of TP4-3 and meropenem appears to be an effective strategy to mitigate the detrimental consequences of infections caused by this clinically relevant pathogen. Since the combination of TP4-3 and meropenem displayed better activity than the individual compounds, this strategy of combining AMPs with clinical antibiotics may be suitable for development of clinical treatments targeting various microbial infections. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Acinetobacter baumannii Antimicrobial peptide Gram-negative bacteria In vivo antimicrobial activity Stapled peptide Synergism

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