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Transverse single-spin asymmetry of midrapidity π0 and η mesons in p+Au and p+Al collisions at sNN=200 GeV

Physical Review D 2023年第11期107卷 112004-112004页

作者： N. J. Abdulameer U. Acharya C. Aidala Y. Akiba M. Alfred V. Andrieux N. Apadula H. Asano B. Azmoun V. Babintsev N. S. Bandara K. N. Barish S. Bathe A. Bazilevsky M. Beaumier R. Belmont A. Berdnikov Y. Berdnikov L. Bichon B. Blankenship D. S. Blau J. S. Bok V. Borisov M. L. Brooks J. Bryslawskyj V. Bumazhnov S. Campbell V. Canoa Roman R. Cervantes M. Chiu C. Y. Chi I. J. Choi J. B. Choi Z. Citron M. Connors R. Corliss Y. Corrales Morales N. Cronin M. Csanád T. Csörgő T. W. Danley M. S. Daugherity G. David C. T. Dean K. DeBlasio K. Dehmelt A. Denisov A. Deshpande E. J. Desmond A. Dion D. Dixit V. Doomra J. H. Do A. Drees K. A. Drees J. M. Durham A. Durum H. En’yo A. Enokizono R. Esha B. Fadem W. Fan N. Feege D. E. Fields M. Finger, Jr. M. Finger D. Firak D. Fitzgerald S. L. Fokin J. E. Frantz A. Franz A. D. Frawley Y. Fukuda P. Gallus C. Gal P. Garg H. Ge M. Giles F. Giordano Y. Goto N. Grau S. V. Greene M. Grosse Perdekamp T. Gunji H. Guragain T. Hachiya J. S. Haggerty K. I. Hahn H. Hamagaki H. F. Hamilton J. Hanks S. Y. Han M. Harvey S. Hasegawa T. O. S. Haseler T. K. Hemmick X. He J. C. Hill K. Hill A. Hodges R. S. Hollis K. Homma B. Hong T. Hoshino N. Hotvedt J. Huang K. Imai M. Inaba A. Iordanova D. Isenhower D. Ivanishchev B. V. Jacak M. Jezghani X. Jiang Z. Ji B. M. Johnson D. Jouan D. S. Jumper J. H. Kang D. Kapukchyan S. Karthas D. Kawall A. V. Kazantsev V. Khachatryan A. Khanzadeev A. Khatiwada C. Kim E.-J. Kim M. Kim T. Kim D. Kincses A. Kingan E. Kistenev J. Klatsky P. Kline T. Koblesky D. Kotov L. Kovacs S. Kudo B. Kurgyis K. Kurita Y. Kwon J. G. Lajoie D. Larionova A. Lebedev S. Lee S. H. Lee M. J. Leitch Y. H. Leung N. A. Lewis S. H. Lim M. X. Liu X. Li V.-R. Loggins D. A. Loomis K. Lovasz D. Lynch S. Lökös T. Majoros Y. I. Makdisi M. Makek V. I. Manko E. Mannel M. McCumber P. L. McGaughey D. McGlinchey C. McKinney M. Mendoza A. C. Mignerey A. Milov D. K. Mishra J. T. Mitchell M. Mitrankova Iu. Mitrankov G. Mitsuka S. Miyasaka S. Mizuno M. M. Mondal P. Montuenga T. Moon D. P. Morrison A. Muhammad B. Debrecen University H-4010 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1 Hungary Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia 30303 USA Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1040 USA RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan RIKEN BNL Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Howard University Washington DC 20059 USA Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA IHEP Protvino State Research Center of Russian Federation Institute for High Energy Physics Protvino 142281 Russia Department of Physics University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003-9337 USA University of California-Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Baruch College City University of New York New York New York 10010 USA University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Physics and Astronomy Department University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro North Carolina 27412 USA Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University St. Petersburg 195251 Russia Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235 USA National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute” Moscow 123098 Russia National Research Nuclear University MEPhI Moscow Engineering Physics Institute Moscow 115409 Russia New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA Columbia University New York New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories Irvington New York 10533 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794-3800 USA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 Korea Weizmann Institute Rehovot 76100 Israel ELTE Eötvös Loránd University H-1117 Budapest Pázmány P. s. 1/A Hungary MATE Laboratory of

Presented are the first measurements of the transverse single-spin asymmetries (AN) for neutral pions and eta mesons in p+Au and p+Al collisions at sNN=200 GeV in the pseudorapidity range |η|<0.35 with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The asymmetries are consistent with zero, similar to those for midrapidity neutral pions and eta mesons produced in p+p collisions. These measurements show no evidence of additional effects that could potentially arise from the more complex partonic environment present in proton-nucleus collisions.

关键词： Beam polarization Hadron-hadron interactions Polarization phenomena Relativistic heavy-ion collisions Mesons Pions Polarization Spin

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Improving constraints on gluon spin-momentum correlations in transversely polarized protons via midrapidity open-heavy-flavor electrons in p↑+p collisions at s=200 GeV

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Physical Review D 2023年第5期107卷 052012-052012页

作者： N. J. Abdulameer U. Acharya C. Aidala Y. Akiba M. Alfred V. Andrieux N. Apadula H. Asano B. Azmoun V. Babintsev N. S. Bandara K. N. Barish S. Bathe A. Bazilevsky M. Beaumier R. Belmont A. Berdnikov Y. Berdnikov L. Bichon B. Blankenship D. S. Blau J. S. Bok V. Borisov M. L. Brooks J. Bryslawskyj V. Bumazhnov S. Campbell V. Canoa Roman R. Cervantes M. Chiu C. Y. Chi I. J. Choi J. B. Choi Z. Citron M. Connors R. Corliss Y. Corrales Morales N. Cronin M. Csanád T. Csörgő T. W. Danley M. S. Daugherity G. David C. T. Dean K. DeBlasio K. Dehmelt A. Denisov A. Deshpande E. J. Desmond A. Dion D. Dixit V. Doomra J. H. Do A. Drees K. A. Drees J. M. Durham A. Durum H. En’yo A. Enokizono R. Esha S. Esumi B. Fadem W. Fan N. Feege D. E. Fields M. Finger, Jr. M. Finger D. Firak D. Fitzgerald S. L. Fokin J. E. Frantz A. Franz A. D. Frawley Y. Fukuda P. Gallus C. Gal P. Garg H. Ge M. Giles F. Giordano Y. Goto N. Grau S. V. Greene M. Grosse Perdekamp T. Gunji H. Guragain T. Hachiya J. S. Haggerty K. I. Hahn H. Hamagaki H. F. Hamilton J. Hanks S. Y. Han M. Harvey S. Hasegawa T. O. S. Haseler T. K. Hemmick X. He J. C. Hill K. Hill A. Hodges R. S. Hollis K. Homma B. Hong T. Hoshino N. Hotvedt J. Huang K. Imai M. Inaba A. Iordanova D. Isenhower D. Ivanishchev B. V. Jacak M. Jezghani X. Jiang Z. Ji B. M. Johnson D. Jouan D. S. Jumper J. H. Kang D. Kapukchyan S. Karthas D. Kawall A. V. Kazantsev V. Khachatryan A. Khanzadeev A. Khatiwada C. Kim E.-J. Kim M. Kim T. Kim D. Kincses A. Kingan E. Kistenev J. Klatsky P. Kline T. Koblesky D. Kotov L. Kovacs S. Kudo B. Kurgyis K. Kurita Y. Kwon J. G. Lajoie D. Larionova A. Lebedev S. Lee S. H. Lee M. J. Leitch Y. H. Leung N. A. Lewis S. H. Lim M. X. Liu X. Li V.-R. Loggins D. A. Loomis K. Lovasz D. Lynch S. Lökös T. Majoros Y. I. Makdisi M. Makek V. I. Manko E. Mannel M. McCumber P. L. McGaughey D. McGlinchey C. McKinney M. Mendoza A. C. Mignerey A. Milov D. K. Mishra J. T. Mitchell M. Mitrankova Iu. Mitrankov G. Mitsuka S. Miyasaka S. Mizuno A. K. Mohanty M. M. Mondal P. Montuenga T. Moon D. P. M Debrecen University H-4010 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1 Hungary Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia 30303 USA Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1040 USA RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan RIKEN BNL Research Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Howard University Washington DC 20059 USA Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973-5000 USA IHEP Protvino State Research Center of Russian Federation Institute for High Energy Physics Protvino 142281 Russia Department of Physics University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003-9337 USA University of California-Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Baruch College City University of New York New York New York 10010 USA University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Physics and Astronomy Department University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro North Carolina 27412 USA Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University St. Petersburg 195251 Russia Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235 USA National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute ” Moscow 123098 Russia National Research Nuclear University MEPhI Moscow Engineering Physics Institute Moscow 115409 Russia New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA Columbia University New York New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories Irvington New York 10533 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794-3800 USA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 Korea Weizmann Institute Rehovot 76100 Israel ELTE Eötvös Loránd University H-1117 Budapest Pázmány P. s. 1/A Hungary MATE Laboratory of F

Polarized proton-proton collisions provide leading-order access to gluons, presenting an opportunity to constrain gluon spin-momentum correlations within transversely polarized protons and enhance our understanding of the three-dimensional structure of the proton. Midrapidity open-heavy-flavor production at s=200 GeV is dominated by gluon-gluon fusion, providing heightened sensitivity to gluon dynamics relative to other production channels. Transverse single-spin asymmetries of positrons and electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays are measured at midrapidity using the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These charge-separated measurements are sensitive to gluon correlators that can in principle be related to gluon orbital angular momentum via model calculations. Explicit constraints on gluon correlators are extracted for two separate models, one of which had not been constrained previously.

关键词： Beam polarization Hadron-hadron interactions Polarization phenomena Relativistic heavy-ion collisions Electrons Positrons Spin

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Transverse single-spin asymmetry of charged hadrons at forward and backward rapidity in polarized p+p, p+Al, and p+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV

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Physical Review D 2023年第7期108卷 072016-072016页

Reported here are transverse single-spin asymmetries (AN) in the production of charged hadrons as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and Feynman-x (xF) in polarized p↑+p, p↑+Al, and p↑+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV. The measurements have been performed at forward and backward rapidity (1.4<|η|<2.4) over the range of 1.5 GeV/c0) in p↑+p collisions, whereas the p↑+Al and p↑+Au results show smaller asymmetries. This finding provides new opportunities to investigate the origin of transverse single-spin asymmetries and a tool to study nuclear effects in p+A collisions.

关键词： Beam polarization Hadron-hadron interactions Polarization phenomena Relativistic heavy-ion collisions Hadrons Spin

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Jet modification via π0-hadron correlations in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV

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Physical Review C 2024年第4期110卷 044901页

作者： N. J. Abdulameer U. Acharya A. Adare S. Afanasiev C. Aidala N. N. Ajitanand Y. Akiba H. Al-Bataineh J. Alexander M. Alfred K. Aoki N. Apadula L. Aphecetche J. Asai H. Asano E. T. Atomssa R. Averbeck T. C. Awes B. Azmoun V. Babintsev M. Bai G. Baksay L. Baksay A. Baldisseri N. S. Bandara B. Bannier K. N. Barish P. D. Barnes B. Bassalleck A. T. Basye S. Bathe S. Batsouli V. Baublis C. Baumann A. Bazilevsky M. Beaumier S. Beckman S. Belikov R. Belmont R. Bennett A. Berdnikov Y. Berdnikov L. Bichon A. A. Bickley B. Blankenship D. S. Blau J. G. Boissevain J. S. Bok H. Borel V. Borisov K. Boyle M. L. Brooks J. Bryslawskyj H. Buesching V. Bumazhnov G. Bunce S. Butsyk C. M. Camacho S. Campbell B. S. Chang W. C. Chang J. L. Charvet C.-H. Chen D. Chen S. Chernichenko M. Chiu C. Y. Chi I. J. Choi J. B. Choi R. K. Choudhury T. Chujo P. Chung A. Churyn V. Cianciolo Z. Citron B. A. Cole M. Connors P. Constantin R. Corliss M. Csanád T. Csörgő D. d'Enterria T. Dahms S. Dairaku T. W. Danley K. Das A. Datta M. S. Daugherity G. David K. DeBlasio K. Dehmelt A. Denisov A. Deshpande E. J. Desmond O. Dietzsch A. Dion P. B. Diss M. Donadelli V. Doomra J. H. Do O. Drapier A. Drees K. A. Drees A. K. Dubey J. M. Durham A. Durum D. Dutta V. Dzhordzhadze Y. V. Efremenko F. Ellinghaus H. En'yo T. Engelmore A. Enokizono R. Esha K. O. Eyser B. Fadem N. Feege D. E. Fields M. Finger, Jr. M. Finger D. Firak D. Fitzgerald F. Fleuret S. L. Fokin Z. Fraenkel J. E. Frantz A. Franz A. D. Frawley K. Fujiwara Y. Fukao T. Fusayasu P. Gallus C. Gal P. Garg I. Garishvili H. Ge F. Giordano A. Glenn H. Gong M. Gonin J. Gosset Y. Goto R. Granier de Cassagnac N. Grau S. V. Greene M. Grosse Perdekamp T. Gunji T. Guo H.-Å. Gustafsson T. Hachiya A. Hadj Henni J. S. Haggerty K. I. Hahn H. Hamagaki H. F. Hamilton J. Hanks R. Han S. Y. Han E. P. Hartouni K. Haruna S. Hasegawa T. O. S. Haseler K. Hashimoto E. Haslum R. Hayano M. Heffner T. K. Hemmick T. Hester X. He J. C. Hill A. Hodges M. Hohlmann R. S. Hollis W. Holzmann K. Homma B. Hong T. Horaguchi D. Hornback T. Debrecen University H-4010 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1 Hungary HUN-REN ATOMKI H-4026 Debrecen Bem tér 18/c Hungary Atlanta Georgia 30303 USA University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 141980 Dubna Moscow Region Russia Department of Physics University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003-9337 USA Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1040 USA Chemistry Department Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794-3400 USA RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan RIKEN BNL Research Center New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Howard University Washington DC 20059 USA KEK High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University SUNY Stony Brook New York 11794-3800 USA SUBATECH (Ecole des Mines de Nantes CNRS-IN2P3 Université de Nantes) BP 20722-44307 Nantes France Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet Ecole Polytechnique CNRS-IN2P3 Route de Saclay F-91128 Palaiseau France Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA Physics Department IHEP Protvino State Research Center of Russian Federation Institute for High Energy Physics Protvino 142281 Russia Collider-Accelerator Department Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne Florida 32901 USA Dapnia CEA Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France University of California-Riverside Riverside California 92521 USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA Abilene Christian University Abilene Texas 79699 USA Baruch College City University of New York New York New York 10010 USA PNPI Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Gatchina Leningrad region 188300 Russia Institut für

High-momentum two-particle correlations are a useful tool for studying jet-quenching effects in the quark-gluon plasma. Angular correlations between neutral-pion triggers and charged hadrons with transverse momenta in the range 4–12 GeV/c and 0.5–7 GeV/c, respectively, have been measured by the PHENIX experiment in 2014 for Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV. Suppression is observed in the yield of high-momentum jet fragments opposite the trigger particle, which indicates jet suppression stemming from in-medium partonic energy loss, while enhancement is observed for low-momentum particles. The ratio and differences between the yield in Au+Au collisions and p+p collisions, IAA and ΔAA, as a function of the trigger-hadron azimuthal separation, Δϕ, are measured for the first time at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. These results better quantify how the yield of low-pT associated hadrons is enhanced at wide angle, which is crucial for studying energy loss as well as medium-response effects.

关键词： Particle correlations & fluctuations Relativistic heavy-ion collisions Hadrons Pions Hadron colliders

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BigNeuron: a resource to benchmark and predict performance of algorithms for automated tracing of neurons in light microscopy datasets

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Nature methods 2023年第6期20卷 824-835页

作者： Linus Manubens-Gil Zhi Zhou Hanbo Chen Arvind Ramanathan Xiaoxiao Liu Yufeng Liu Alessandro Bria Todd Gillette Zongcai Ruan Jian Yang Miroslav Radojević Ting Zhao Li Cheng Lei Qu Siqi Liu Kristofer E Bouchard Lin Gu Weidong Cai Shuiwang Ji Badrinath Roysam Ching-Wei Wang Hongchuan Yu Amos Sironi Daniel Maxim Iascone Jie Zhou Erhan Bas Eduardo Conde-Sousa Paulo Aguiar Xiang Li Yujie Li Sumit Nanda Yuan Wang Leila Muresan Pascal Fua Bing Ye Hai-Yan He Jochen F Staiger Manuel Peter Daniel N Cox Michel Simonneau Marcel Oberlaender Gregory Jefferis Kei Ito Paloma Gonzalez-Bellido Jinhyun Kim Edwin Rubel Hollis T Cline Hongkui Zeng Aljoscha Nern Ann-Shyn Chiang Jianhua Yao Jane Roskams Rick Livesey Janine Stevens Tianming Liu Chinh Dang Yike Guo Ning Zhong Georgia Tourassi Sean Hill Michael Hawrylycz Christof Koch Erik Meijering Giorgio A Ascoli Hanchuan Peng Institute for Brain and Intelligence Southeast University Nanjing China. Microsoft Corporation Redmond WA USA. Tencent AI Lab Bellevue WA USA. Computing Environment and Life Sciences Directorate Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL USA. Kaya Medical Seattle WA USA. University of Cassino and Southern Lazio Cassino Italy. Center for Neural Informatics Structures and Plasticity Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study George Mason University Fairfax VA USA. Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing China. Beijing International Collaboration Base on Brain Informatics and Wisdom Services Beijing China. Nuctech Netherlands Rotterdam the Netherlands. Janelia Research Campus Howard Hughes Medical Institute Ashburn VA USA. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computation and Signal Processing Anhui University Hefei China. Paige AI New York NY USA. Scientific Data Division and Biological Systems and Engineering Division Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Berkeley CA USA. Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience UC Berkeley Berkeley CA USA. RIKEN AIP Tokyo Japan. Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST) The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan. School of Computer Science University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia. Texas A&M University College Station TX USA. Cullen College of Engineering University of Houston Houston TX USA. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan. National Centre for Computer Animation Bournemouth University Poole UK. PROPHESEE Paris France. Department of Neuroscience Columbia University New York NY USA. Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute Columbia University New York NY USA. Department of Computer Science Northern Illinois Universit

BigNeuron is an open community bench-testing platform with the goal of setting open standards for accurate and fast automatic neuron tracing. We gathered a diverse set of image volumes across several species that is representative of the data obtained in many neuroscience laboratories interested in neuron tracing. Here, we report generated gold standard manual annotations for a subset of the available imaging datasets and quantified tracing quality for 35 automatic tracing algorithms. The goal of generating such a hand-curated diverse dataset is to advance the development of tracing algorithms and enable generalizable benchmarking. Together with image quality features, we pooled the data in an interactive web application that enables users and developers to perform principal component analysis, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, correlation and clustering, visualization of imaging and tracing data, and benchmarking of automatic tracing algorithms in user-defined data subsets. The image quality metrics explain most of the variance in the data, followed by neuromorphological features related to neuron size. We observed that diverse algorithms can provide complementary information to obtain accurate results and developed a method to iteratively combine methods and generate consensus reconstructions. The consensus trees obtained provide estimates of the neuron structure ground truth that typically outperform single algorithms in noisy datasets. However, specific algorithms may outperform the consensus tree strategy in specific imaging conditions. Finally, to aid users in predicting the most accurate automatic tracing results without manual annotations for comparison, we used support vector machine regression to predict reconstruction quality given an image volume and a set of automatic tracings.

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Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology

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Nature 2024年第8003期627卷 347-357页

作者： Ken Suzuki Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas Lorraine Southam Henry J Taylor Xianyong Yin Kim M Lorenz Ravi Mandla Alicia Huerta-Chagoya Giorgio E M Melloni Stavroula Kanoni Nigel W Rayner Ozvan Bocher Ana Luiza Arruda Kyuto Sonehara Shinichi Namba Simon S K Lee Michael H Preuss Lauren E Petty Philip Schroeder Brett Vanderwerff Mart Kals Fiona Bragg Kuang Lin Xiuqing Guo Weihua Zhang Jie Yao Young Jin Kim Mariaelisa Graff Fumihiko Takeuchi Jana Nano Amel Lamri Masahiro Nakatochi Sanghoon Moon Robert A Scott James P Cook Jung-Jin Lee Ian Pan Daniel Taliun Esteban J Parra Jin-Fang Chai Lawrence F Bielak Yasuharu Tabara Yang Hai Gudmar Thorleifsson Niels Grarup Tamar Sofer Matthias Wuttke Chloé Sarnowski Christian Gieger Darryl Nousome Stella Trompet Soo-Heon Kwak Jirong Long Meng Sun Lin Tong Wei-Min Chen Suraj S Nongmaithem Raymond Noordam Victor J Y Lim Claudia H T Tam Yoonjung Yoonie Joo Chien-Hsiun Chen Laura M Raffield Bram Peter Prins Aude Nicolas Lisa R Yanek Guanjie Chen Jennifer A Brody Edmond Kabagambe Ping An Anny H Xiang Hyeok Sun Choi Brian E Cade Jingyi Tan K Alaine Broadaway Alice Williamson Zoha Kamali Jinrui Cui Manonanthini Thangam Linda S Adair Adebowale Adeyemo Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas Tarunveer S Ahluwalia Sonia S Anand Alain Bertoni Jette Bork-Jensen Ivan Brandslund Thomas A Buchanan Charles F Burant Adam S Butterworth Mickaël Canouil Juliana C N Chan Li-Ching Chang Miao-Li Chee Ji Chen Shyh-Huei Chen Yuan-Tsong Chen Zhengming Chen Lee-Ming Chuang Mary Cushman John Danesh Swapan K Das H Janaka de Silva George Dedoussis Latchezar Dimitrov Ayo P Doumatey Shufa Du Qing Duan Kai-Uwe Eckardt Leslie S Emery Daniel S Evans Michele K Evans Krista Fischer James S Floyd Ian Ford Oscar H Franco Timothy M Frayling Barry I Freedman Pauline Genter Hertzel C Gerstein Vilmantas Giedraitis Clicerio González-Villalpando Maria Elena González-Villalpando Penny Gordon-Larsen Myron Gross Lindsay A Guare Sophie Hackinger Liisa Hakaste Sohee Han Andrew T Hattersley Christian Herder Momoko Horikoshi Annie-Green Howard Willa Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Research Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK. Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan. Department of Statistical Genetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. konstantinos.hatzikotoulas@helmholtz-munich.de. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. Center for Precision Health Research National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA. British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Heart and Lung Research Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Genetics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA. Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. TIMI Study Group Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. William Harvey Research Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London L

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care.

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Community-developed checklists for publishing images and image analyses

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Schmied, Christopher Nelson, Michael S. Avilov, Sergiy Bakker, Gert-Jan Bertocchi, Cristina Bischof, Johanna Boehm, Ulrike Brocher, Jan Carvalho, Mariana Chiritescu, Catalin Christopher, Jana Cimini, Beth A. Conde-Sousa, Eduardo Ebner, Michael Ecker, Rupert Eliceiri, Kevin Fernandez-Rodriguez, Julia Gaudreault, Nathalie Gelman, Laurent Grunwald, David Gu, Tingting Halidi, Nadia Hammer, Mathias Hartley, Matthew Held, Marie Jug, Florian Kapoor, Varun Koksoy, Ayse Aslihan Lacoste, Judith Le Dévédec, Sylvia Le Guyader, Sylvie Liu, Penghuan Martins, Gabriel G. Mathur, Aastha Miura, Kota Llopis, Paula Montero Nitschke, Roland North, Alison Parslow, Adam C. Payne-Dwyer, Alex Plantard, Laure Ali, Rizwan Schroth-Diez, Britta Schütz, Lucas Scott, Ryan T. Seitz, Arne Selchow, Olaf Sharma, Ved P. Spitaler, Martin Srinivasan, Sathya Strambio-De-Castillia, Caterina Taatjes, Douglas Tischer, Christian Jambor, HelenaKlara Fondazione Human Technopole Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1 Milano20157 Italy Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics Freiburg79108 Germany Medical BioSciences department Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen Netherlands Laboratory for Molecular mechanics of cell adhesions Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering Science Japan Euro-BioImaging ERIC Bio-Hub Meyerhofstr. 1 Heidelberg69117 Germany Carl Zeiss AG Carl-Zeiss-Straße 22 Oberkochen73447 Germany BioVoxxel Scientific Image Processing and Analysis Eugen-Roth-Strasse 8 Ludwigshafen67071 Germany Nanophotonics and BioImaging Facility at INL International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory 4715-330 Portugal Phi Optics Inc. 1800 S. Oak St Ste 106 ChampaignIL61820 United States Biochemistry Center Heidelberg Heidelberg University Germany Imaging Platform Broad Institute CambridgeMA02142 United States i3S Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde and INEB Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal Translational Research Institute Queensland University of Technology 37 Kent Street WoolloongabbaQLD4102 Australia School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health Queensland University of Technology BrisbaneQLD4059 Australia TissueGnostics GmbH Vienna1020 Austria Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Centre for Cellular Imaging Core Facility Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Sweden Allen Institute for Cell Science SeattleWA United States Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research Basel Switzerland RNA Therapeutics Institute University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School WorcesterMA01605 United States University of Oklahoma NormanOK United States Advanced Light Microscopy Unit Ce

Images document scientific discoveries and are prevalent in modern biomedical research. Microscopy imaging in particular is currently undergoing rapid technological advancements. However for scientists wishing to publish the obtained images and image analyses results, there are to date no unified guidelines. Consequently, microscopy images and image data in publications may be unclear or difficult to interpret. Here we present community-developed checklists for preparing light microscopy images and image analysis for publications. These checklists offer authors, readers, and publishers key recommendations for image formatting and annotation, color selection, data availability, and for reporting image analysis workflows. The goal of our guidelines is to increase the clarity and reproducibility of image figures and thereby heighten the quality and explanatory power of microscopy data is in publications. © 2023, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Image analysis

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Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet 2023年第10397期402卷 203-234页

作者： Ong, Kanyin Liane Stafford, Lauryn K. McLaughlin, Susan A. Boyko, Edward J. Vollset, Stein Emil Smith, Amanda E. Dalton, Bronte E. Duprey, Joe Cruz, Jessica A. Hagins, Hailey Lindstedt, Paulina A. Aali, Amirali Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Melsew Dagne Abbasian, Mohammadreza Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen ElHafeez, Samar Abd Abd-Rabu, Rami Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md Abedi, Vida Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Adane, Tigist Demssew Adane, Denberu Eshetie Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adegboye, Oyelola A. Adekanmbi, Victor Adepoju, Abiola Victor Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afolabi, Rotimi Felix Agarwal, Gina Aghdam, Zahra Babaei Agudelo-Botero, Marcela Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth Aguilera Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Syed Anees Ajami, Marjan Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Al Hamad, Hanadi Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali Alalwan, Tariq A. Al-Aly, Ziyad AlBataineh, Mohammad T. Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alemi, Sharifullah Ali, Hassam Alinia, Tahereh Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Firehiwot Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amiri, Sohrab Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Ansar, Adnan Ansari, Golnoosh Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Arabloo, Jalal Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Areda, Demelash Arifin, Hidayat Arkew, Mesay Armocida, Benedetta Arnlov, Johan Artamonov, Anton A. Arulappan, Judie Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Arumugam, Ashokan Aryan, Zahra Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad Askari, Elaheh Asmelash, Daniel Astell-Burt, Thomas Athar, Mohammad Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Avila-Burgos, Leticia Awaisu, Ahmed Azadnajafabad, Sina Darshan, B.B. Babamohamadi, Hassan Badar, Muhammad Badawi, Alaa Badiye, Ashish D. Baghcheghi, Nayereh Baghe Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation School of Medicine General Medicine Service Department of Veterans Affairs Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine France Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement Aleta Wondo Hospital Aleta Wondo Ethiopia Department of Nursing Woldia University Woldia Ethiopia Department of Nursing Department of Orthopedic Surgery Orthopaedic Surgery Social Determinants of Health Research Center Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Epidemiology Department Evidence-Based Practice Center Community and Maternity Nursing Unit University of Duhok Duhok Iraq School of Planning Faculty of Environment Department of Public Health Sciences Penn State College of Medicine Pennsylvania State University Hershey PA United States Biocomplexity Institute Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA United States College of Medicine Department of Public Health Laboratory Technology Sciences Department Department of Family and Community Health University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Clinical Sciences Department Department of Surgery Department of Surgery Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Department of Clinical and Psychosocial Epidemiology Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Centre for Social Research in Health Quality and Systems Performance Unit Cancer Institute NSW Sydney NSW Australia Department of Public Health and Tropical Medicine HIV and Infectious Diseases Department Jhpiego Abuja Nigeria Adolescent Research and Care Department Adolescent Friendly Research Initiative and Care Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Epidemiology Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Department of Family Medicine McMaster University

Background: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods: Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined;these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs;defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims;type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative r

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GWAS meta-analysis of over 29,000 people with epilepsy identifies 26 risk loci and subtype-specific genetic architecture

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Nature genetics 2023年第9期55卷 1471-1482页

作者： Remi Stevelink Dorothee Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenite Bobby P. C. Koeleman Dick Lindhout Anja C. M. Sonsma Ciarán Campbell Gianpiero L. Cavalleri Norman Delanty Hany El-Naggar Austin Lacey Peter Widdess-Walsh Colin P. Doherty Siwei Chen Claire Churchhouse Mark J. Daly Yen-Chen A. Feng Daniel P. Howrigan Mitja I. Kurki Benjamin M. Neale Aarno Palotie Wei Zhou Namrata Gupta Henrike O. Heyne Bassel Abou-Khalil Kevin F. Haas R. S. Taneja Oluyomi M. Adesoji Michael Nothnagel Peter Nürnberg Thomas Sander Zaid Afawi Ilan Blatt Amos D. Korczyn Elisabetta Amadori Ganna Balagura Antonella Riva Marcello Scala Paolo Scudieri Pasquale Striano Federico Zara Michele Iacomino Francesca Madia Alison Anderson Patrick Kwan Terence J. O’Brien Slavé Petrovski K. Meng Tan Marian Todaro Joseph Anderson Danielle M. Andrade Quratulain Zulfiqar Ali Grazia Annesi Pauls Auce Andreja Avbersek Simona Balestrini Vera Braatz Claudia B. Catarino Krishna Chinthapalli Jennifer Jamnadas-Khoda Dalia Kasperavičiūte Costin Leu Josemir W. Sander Sanjay M. Sisodiya Sara Zagaglia Melanie Bahlo Karen L. Oliver Mark D. Baker Beata Fonferko-Shadrach William O. Pickrell Carmen Barba Claudia Bianchini Viola Doccini Renzo Guerrini Davide Mei Martino Montomoli Elena Parrini Annalisa Vetro Karen Barboza Fabrice Bartolomei Thomas Bast Bernhard J. Steinhoff Larry Baum Stacey S. Cherny Pak Sham Tobias Baumgartner Christian E. Elger Kerstin Hallmann Wolfram S. Kunz Rainer Surges Randi von Wrede Gábor Zsurka Betül Baykan Nerses Bebek Yeşim Kesim Albert J. Becker Susanne Schoch Felicitas Becker Caitlin A. Bennett Samuel F. Berkovic Stephanie L. Leech Brigid M. Regan Ingrid E. Scheffer Bianca Berghuis Ahmad Beydoun Wassim Nasreddine Francesca Bisulli Lidia Di Vito Lorenzo Ferri Tania Giangregorio Laura Licchetta Raffaella Minardi Barbara Mostacci Carlotta Stipa Paolo Tinuper Lorenzo Muccioli Federica Pondrelli Dheeraj R. Bobbili Emadeldin Hassanin Roland Krause Zied Landoulsi Patrick May Ingo Borggraefe Christian Bosselmann Christian Hengsbach Josua Kegele Stephen Lauxmann Department of Genetics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) Heemstede The Netherlands School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin Ireland The FutureNeuro Research Centre Dublin Ireland Department of Neurology Beaumont Hospital Dublin Ireland Department of Neurology St. James’s Hospital Dublin Ireland Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of Harvard and M.I.T Cambridge MA USA Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Division of Biostatistics Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine College of Public Health National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Hasso Plattner Institute Digital Health Center University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany Hasso Plattner Institute Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York City NY USA Department of Neurology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) University of Cologne Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne Cologne Germany University Hospital Cologne Cologne Germany Department of Neurology Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin Campus Virchow-Clinic Berlin Germany Tel-Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine Ramat Aviv Israel Department of Neurology Sheba Medical Center Ramat Gan Israel Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation Ophthalmology Genetics Maternal and Child Health University of Genova Genova Italy IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genova Italy Department of Medicine University of Melbour

Epilepsy is a highly heritable disorder affecting over 50 million people worldwide, of which about one-third are resistant to current treatments. Here we report a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study including 29,944 cases, stratified into three broad categories and seven subtypes of epilepsy, and 52,538 controls. We identify 26 genome-wide significant loci, 19 of which are specific to genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE). We implicate 29 likely causal genes underlying these 26 loci. SNP-based heritability analyses show that common variants explain between 39.6% and 90% of genetic risk for GGE and its subtypes. Subtype analysis revealed markedly different genetic architectures between focal and generalized epilepsies. Gene-set analyses of GGE signals implicate synaptic processes in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the brain. Prioritized candidate genes overlap with monogenic epilepsy genes and with targets of current antiseizure medications. Finally, we leverage our results to identify alternate drugs with predicted efficacy if repurposed for epilepsy treatment.

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Publisher Correction: Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020

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Eye (London, England) 2024年第11期38卷 2229-2231页

作者： Konrad Pesudovs Hugh R. Taylor Tabassom Sedighi Rupert R. A. Bourne Shahina Pardhan Van Charles Lansingh John H. Kempen Ian Tapply Arthur G. Fernandes Maria Vittoria Cicinelli Alessandro Arrigo Nicolas Leveziel Serge Resnikoff Seth Flaxman Mukkharram M. Bikbov Tasanee Braithwaite Alain Bron Ching-Yu Cheng Monte A. Del Monte Joshua R. Ehrlich Leon B. Ellwein David Friedman João M. Furtado Gus Gazzard Ronnie George M. Elizabeth Hartnett Jost B. Jonas Rim Kahloun Moncef Khairallah Rohit C. Khanna Janet Leasher Julie-Anne Little Vinay Nangia Michal Nowak Tunde Peto Pradeep Ramulu Fotis Topouzis Mitiadis Tsilimbaris Ya Xing Wang Ningli Wang Paul Svitil Briant Theo Vos Katrin Burkart Kaleb Coberly Xiaochen Dai Stephen S. Lim Tomislav Mestrovic Ali H. Mokdad Christopher J. L. Murray Jaimie D. Steinmetz Awoke Misganaw Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate Mohammad Abdollahi Mozhan Abdollahi Ayele Mamo Abebe Olumide Abiodun Richard Gyan Aboagye Woldu Aberhe Abrha Hasan Abualruz Hiwa Abubaker Ali Eman Abu-Gharbieh Salahdein Aburuz Tadele Girum Girum Adal Mesafint Molla Adane Isaac Yeboah Addo Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani Muhammad Sohail Afzal Muhammad Umair Shahin Aghamiri Bright Opoku Ahinkorah Aqeel Ahmad Sajjad Ahmad Ali Ahmadi Siamak Sabour Ayman Ahmed Haroon Ahmed Ahmad Samir Alfaar Abid Ali Syed Shujait Shujait Ali Awais Altaf Hubert Amu Emmanuel Manu Sofia Androudi Rodrigo Anguita Abhishek Anil Rimple Jeet Kaur Muhammad Aaqib Shamim Saeid Anvari Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor Francis Appiah Jalal Arabloo Haleh Ayatollahi Mosab Arafat Damelash Areda Reza Arefnezhad Brhane Berhe Aregawi Akeza Awealom Asgedom Tahira Ashraf Seyyed Shamsadin Athari Bantalem Tilaye Tilaye Atinafu Birhan Tsegaw Taye Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout Alok Atreya Ahmed Y. Azzam Hassan Babamohamadi Sara Bagherieh Yogesh Bahurupi Atif Amin Baig Shumaila Nargus Biswajit Banik Mainak Bardhan Saurav Basu Kavita Batra Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn Fatemeh Bazvand Addisu Shunu Beyene Awoke Masrie Asrat Derese Devidas S. Bhagat Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula Pankaj Bh Medicine & Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia Vision and Eye Research Institute Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge UK HelpMeSee Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmologia Santiago de Querétaro Mexico University of Miami Gables FL USA University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA Chief Medical Office HelpMeSee New York NY USA Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology Queretaro Mexico Department of Ophthalmology Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Shepens Eye Research Institute/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Eye Unit MyungSung Christian Medical Center (MCM) Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and MyungSun Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Ophthalmology Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Sight for Souls Bellevue WA USA Department of Ophthalmology Harvard University Boston MA USA Eye Unit MyungSung Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge UK Department of Ophthalmology Cambridge University Hospitals Cambridge UK Federal University of Sao Paolo Sao Paolo SP Brazil University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Federal University of São Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil School of Medicine Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy Department of Ophthalmology IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy Department of Ophthalmology San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milano Italy IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Vita-Salute University Milan Italy Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital Vita-Salute University Milan Italy University of Poitiers Poitiers France CHU de Poitiers Poitiers France Ophthalmology Department CHU de Poitiers (Poitiers University Hospital) Poitiers France Unité 1084 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Poitiers France

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