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Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026

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The Lancet Global Health 2023年第3期11卷 e385-e413页

作者： Micah, Angela E. Bhangdia, Kayleigh Cogswell, Ian E. Lasher, Dylan Lidral-Porter, Brendan Maddison, Emilie R. Nguyen, Trang Nhu Ngoc Patel, Nishali Pedroza, Paola Solorio, Juan Stutzman, Hayley Tsakalos, Golsum Wang, Yifeng Warriner, Wesley Zhao, Yingxi Zlavog, Bianca S. Abbafati, Cristiana Abbas, Jaffar Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abdelmasseh, Michael Abdulah, Deldar Morad Abedi, Aidin Abegaz, Kedir Hussein Abhilash, E.S. Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abolhassani, Hassan Abrigo, Michael R.M. Abubaker Ali, Hiwa Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adem, Mohammed Hussien Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed Rashid, Tarik Aji, Budi Akbarialiabad, Hossein Akelew, Yibeltal Al Hamad, Hanadi Alam, Khurshid Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Alanzi, Turki M. Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled Alhassan, Robert Kaba Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Amare, Azmeraw T. Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amini-Rarani, Mostafa Amu, Hubert Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Tudorel Anwar, Sumadi Lukman Appiah, Francis Aqeel, Muhammad Arabloo, Jalal Arab-Zozani, Morteza Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Aremu, Olatunde Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Avila-Burgos, Leticia Ayanore, Martin Amogre Azari, Samad Baig, Atif Amin Bantie, Abere Tilahun Barrow, Amadou Baskaran, Pritish Basu, Sanjay Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Baune, Bernhard T. Berezvai, Zombor Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhaskar, Sonu Boachie, Micheal Kofi Bodolica, Virginia Botelho, João Silva Botelho Braithwaite, Dejana Breitborde, Nicholas J.K. Busse, Reinhard Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero Catalá-López, Ferrán Chansa, Collins Charan, Jaykaran Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chen, Simiao Chukwu, Isaac Sunday Dadras, Omid Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dargahi, Abdollah Debela, Sisay Abebe Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Desye, Belay Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Diao, Nancy Doan, Linh Phuong Dodangeh, Milad dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque Doshmangir, Leila Dube, John Eini, Ebrahim El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enyew, Daniel Berhanie Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Applied Mathematics University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Antai College of Economics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Children’s Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Tehran Heart Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran National Institute for Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Cardiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics and Statistics Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Neurosurgery Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic R

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic;characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic;and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods: In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings: In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·1–9·3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019;293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95% UI 24·3–25·3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43·1 billion in development assistance was provided

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Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第10期8卷 e633-e651页

作者： Jahagirdar, Deepa Walters, Magdalene K. Novotney, Amanda Brewer, Edmond D. Frank, Tahvi D. Carter, Austin Biehl, Molly H. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abhilash, E.S. Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Adekanmbi, Victor Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afzal, Saira Aghababaei, Soodabeh Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Salih, Yusra Ahmed Aklilu, Addis Akram, Tayyaba Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Aleksandrova, Ekaterina A. Alene, Kefyalew Addis Ali, Liaqat Alipour, Vahid Almustanyir, Sami Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amu, Hubert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Anvari, Davood Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Arulappan, Judie Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Darshan, B.B. Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barra, Fabio Barrow, Amadou Basu, Sanjay Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad Belay, Habtamu Gebrehana Berheto, Tezera Moshago Bezabhe, Woldesellassie Mequanint Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Bisignano, Catherine Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi Boloor, Archith Boltaev, Azizbek A. Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Butt, Zahid A. Cao, Chao Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Couto, Rosa A.S. Cowden, Richard G. Dachew, Berihun Assefa Dadras, Omid Dagnew, Amare Belachew Dahlawi, Saad M.A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi das Neves, José Degenhardt, Louisa Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu Deuba, Keshab Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dhungana, Govinda Prasad Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Doan, Linh Phuong Dorostkar, Fariba Edinur, Hisham Atan Effiong, Andem Eftekharzadeh, Sahar El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Elayedath, Rajesh Elhadi, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States School of Social Work University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeones Columbia University Medical Center New York NY United States Division of Data Analytics and Delivery for Impact WHO Geneva Switzerland Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Paediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Psychiatry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Non-Communicable Diseases Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Botany Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur Kozhikode India Clinical Sciences Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Mass Communication Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Health-Care Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Department of Population Medicine Ca

Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). Findings: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1–38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78–0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91–1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95–1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58–35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49–42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05–0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was

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World Congress Integrative Medicine & Health 2017: Part one: Berlin, Germany. 3-5 May 2017

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BMC Complement Altern Med 2017年第SUPPL 1期17卷 322-322页

作者： Benno Brinkhaus Torkel Falkenberg Aviad Haramati Stefan N. Willich Josephine P. Briggs Merlin Willcox Klaus Linde Töres Theorell Lisa M. Wong Jeffrey Dusek Darong Wu David Eisenberg Bettina Berger Kathi Kemper Beate Stock-Schröer Hedda Sützl-Klein Rosaria Ferreri Gary Kaplan Harald Matthes Gabriele Rotter Elad Schiff Zahi Arnon Eckhard Hahn Christina M. Luberto David Martin Silke Schwarz Diethard Tauschel Andrew Flower Harsha Gramminger Hedwig H. Gupta S. N. Gupta Annette Kerckhoff Christian S. Kessler Andreas Michalsen Eun S. Kim Eun H. Jang Rana Kim Sae B. Jan Martin Mittwede Wiebke Mohme Eran Ben-Arye Massimo Bonucci Bashar Saad Thomas Breitkreuz Elio Rossi Rejin Kebudi Michel Daher Samaher Razaq Nahla Gafer Omar Nimri Mohamed Hablas Gunver Sophia Kienle Noah Samuels Michael Silbermann Lena Bandelin Anna-Lena Lang Eva Wartner Christoph Holtermann Maxwell Binstock Robert Riebau Edin Mujkanovic Holger Cramer Romy Lauche Andres Michalsen Lesley Ward Dominik Irnich Wolfram Stör Geoffrey Burnstock Hans-Georg Schaible Thomas Ots Jost Langhorst Tobias Sundberg Catherina Amarell Melanie Anheyer Marion Eckert Mercedes Ogal Annette Schönauer Birgit Reisenberger Bernhard Brand Dennis Anheyer Gustav Dobos Matthias Kroez Aldo Ammendola Jun J. Mao Claudia Witt Yufei Yang Miriam Oritz Markus Horneber Petra Voiß Alexandra von Rosenstiel Catharina Amarell Friedemann Schad Marc Schläppi Matthias Kröz Arndt Büssing Gil Bar-Sela David Avshalomov Samuel Attias Sian Cotton Miek Jong Mats Jong Christian Scheffer Friedrich Edelhäuser Abdullah AlBedah Myeong Soo Lee Mohamed Khalil Keiko Ogawa Yoshiharu Motoo Junsuke Arimitsu Masao Ogawa Genki Shimizu Rainer Stange Karin Kraft Kenny Kuchta Kenji Watanabe D Bonin Harald Gruber Sabine Koch Urs Pohlmann Christine Caldwell Barbara Krantz Ria Kortum Lily Martin Lisa S. Wieland Ben Kligler Susan Gould-Fogerite Yuqing Zhang John J. Riva Michael Lumpkin Emily Ratner Liu Ping Pei Jian Gesa-Meyer Hamme Xiaosong Mao Han Chouping Sven Schröder Josef Hummelsberger Michael Wullinger Marc Brodzky Chr Institute for Social Medicine Epidemiology and Health Economics Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Division of Nursing Research Group Integrative Care Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden I C – The Integrative Care Science Center Järna Sweden Department of Biochemistry Molecular and Cellular Biology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA Department of Medicine Georgetown University Medical Center Washington DC USA NCCIH NIH Bethesda MD USA Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences University of Southampton Aldermoor Health Centre Coxford Rd Southampton 2016 5ST UK Institute of General Practice Technical University Munich Munich Germany Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden Stress Research Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden Arts and Humanities Initiative Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA Psychosomatic medicine Neuropsychology Allina Health Minneapolis MN USA nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China Department of Nutrition Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health Boston MA 02115 USA Department of Health University of Witten/Herdecke Witten/Herdecke Germany OSU Blacklick OH USA Carstens-Foundation and FORUM D-45276 Essen Germany ESIHR (European Society for Integrative Health Care) A-1070 Vienna Austria Hospital Centre of Integrated Medicine Hospital of Pitiglian o ASL SudEst Toscana Grosseto Italy The Kaplan Center for Integrative Medicine Georgetown University McLean VA USA Hospital Havelhöhe Berlin Germany Institute for Social Medicine Epidemiology and Health Economics Charité University Hospital Berlin Germany Internal medicine and Complementary medicine service Bnai Zion Medical Center Haifa Israel Complementary-Integrative Surgery Service Bnai Zion Medical Center Haifa Israel The Emek Yezreel Academic College Yezreel Valley Israel Medicine

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ESICM LIVES 2016: part three

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Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2016年第1期4卷 405-607页

作者： Velasquez, T. Mackey, G. Lusk, J. Kyle, U. G. Fontenot, T. Marshall, P. Shekerdemian, L. S. Coss-Bu, J. A. Nishigaki, A. Yatabe, T. Tamura, T. Yamashita, K. Yokoyama, M. Ruiz-Rodriguez, J. C. Encina, B. Belmonte, R. Troncoso, I. Tormos, P. Riveiro, M. Baena, J. Sanchez, A. Bañeras, J. Cordón, J. Duran, N. Ruiz, A. Caballero, J. Nuvials, X. Riera, J. Serra, J. Rutten, A. M. F. van Ieperen, S. N. M. Der Kinderen, E. P. H. M. Van Logten, T. Kovacikova, L. Skrak, P. Zahorec, M. Akcan-Arikan, A. Silva, J. C. Goldsworthy, M. Wood, D. Harrison, D. Parslow, R. Davis, P. Pappachan, J. Goodwin, S. Ramnarayan, P. Chernyshuk, S. Yemets, H. Zhovnir, V. Pulitano’, S. M. De Rosa, S. Mancino, A. Villa, G. Tosi, F. Franchi, P. Conti, G. Patel, B. Khine, H. Shah, A. Sung, D. Singer, L. Haghbin, S. Inaloo, S. Serati, Z. Idei, M. Nomura, T. Yamamoto, N. Sakai, Y. Yoshida, T. Matsuda, Y. Yamaguchi, Y. Takaki, S. Yamaguchi, O. Goto, T. Longani, N. Medar, S. Abdel-Aal, I. R. El Adawy, A. S. Mohammed, H. M. E. H. Mohamed, A. N. Parry, S. M. Knight, L. D. Denehy, L. De Morton, N. Baldwin, C. E. Sani, D. Kayambu, G. da Silva, V. Z. M. Phongpagdi, P. Puthucheary, Z. A. Granger, C. L. Rydingsward, J. E. Horkan, C. M. Christopher, K. B. McWilliams, D. Jones, C. Reeves, E. Atkins, G. Snelson, C. Aitken, L. M. Rattray, J. Kenardy, J. Hull, A. M. Ullman, A. Le Brocque, R. Mitchell, M. Davis, C. Macfarlane, B. Azevedo, J. C. Rocha, L. L. De Freitas, F. F. M. Cavalheiro, A. M. Lucinio, N. M. Lobato, M. S. Ebeling, G. Kraegpoeth, A. Laerkner, E. De Brito-Ashurst, I. White, C. Gregory, S. Forni, L. G. Flowers, E. Curtis, A. Wood, C. A. Siu, K. Venkatesan, K. Muhammad, J. B. H. Ng, L. Seet, E. Baptista, N. Escoval, A. Tomas, E. Agrawal, R. Mathew, R. Varma, A. Dima, E. Charitidou, E. Perivolioti, E. Pratikaki, M. Vrettou, C. Giannopoulos, A. Zakynthinos, S. Routsi, C. Atchade, E. Houzé, S. Jean-Baptiste, S. Thabut, G. Genève, C. Tanaka, S. Lortat-Jacob, B. Augustin, P. Desmard, M. Montravers, P. de Molina, F. J. González Barbadillo, S. Alejandro, R. Texas Children’s Hospital Clinical Nutriiton Houston USA Texas Children’s Hospital Intensive Care Houston USA Baylor College of Medicine Pediatrics Houston USA Kochi Medical School Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Nankoku Japan Vall d’ Hebron University Hospital Critical Care Department Barcelona Spain Vall d’ Hebron University Hospital Anesthesia & Reanimation Department Barcelona Spain Vall d’ Hebron University Hospital Neurocritical Care Department Barcelona Spain Vall d’ Hebron University Hospital Coronary Care Unit Barcelona Spain Sagrat Cor University Hospital Critical Care Department Barcelona Spain St Elisabeth Twee Steden Hospital ICU Tilburg Netherlands National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases PCICU Bratislava Slovakia National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Bratislava Slovakia National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Bratislava Slovakia Texas Children’s Hospital Renal Service Houston USA Bristol Royal Hospital for Children Paediatric Intensive Care Unit Bristol UK Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre (ICNARC) London UK University of Leeds Leeds UK Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust Southampton UK Great Ormond Street Hospital London UK UCCC ICU Kyiv Ukraine Catholic University Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Rome Italy International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV) Department of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Vicenza Italy University of Florence Department of Health Science Section of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Florence Italy The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Pediatric Critical Care Bronx USA The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Bronx USA Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Pediatric intensive Care Shiraz Islamic Republic of Iran Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Islamic Republic of Iran Yokohama City University Hospital Intensive Care Unit Yokohama Japan Yokohama City Univ

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