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Microencapsulation of Kluyveromyces marxianus and Plantago ovata in cheese whey particles: Protection of sensitive cells to simulated gastrointestinal conditions

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Food Bioscience 2023年第2期52卷 1183-1192页

作者： Monica Cerutti Martellet Fernanda Majolo Larissa Cima Marcia Ines Goettert Claucia Fernanda Volken de Souza Graduate Program in Biotechnology University of Vale do Taquari-UnivatesLajeadoRio Grande do SulBrazil Graduate Program in Medical Sciences University of Vale do Taquari-UnivatesLajeadoRio Grande do SulBrazil Institute of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug DiscoveryEberhard Karls University TübingenTübingenGermany

Cheese whey proteins are natural vehicles for biological agents that are used as an inexpensive and effective coating material in the encapsulation of *** this work,the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus,of probiotic potential,was associated with the prebiotic Plantago ovata(Psyllium)in particles coated with cheese *** efficiency of encapsulation,gastrointestinal tract(GIT)viability,particle morphology,and adhesion to enteral cells were *** was encapsulated in different formulations with alginate(alg),psyllium(psy),and cheese whey(cw)through an extrusion process associated with vibrational *** encapsulated in different wall materials[alginate-psyllium-cheese whey(alg-psy-cw),alginate(alg),alginate-psyllium(alg-psy),and alginate-cheese whey(alg-cw)]were adequately protected,resulting in high cell viability(11.32,9.77,9.13,10.95 log CFU.g􀀀1,respectively).Regarding the bioavailability assay after three months of storage under refrigeration(±4℃),cells encapsulated in wall material alg-psy-cw demonstrated the best viability(>6 log CFU.g^(-1)).Encapsulated yeasts showed greater resistance to acidic conditions when exposed to simulations of the gastrointestinal tract,demonstrating a lower diffusion rate in the formulation made with wall material alg-psy-cw(10.03 log CFU.g^(-1)).The adhesion rate to Caco-2 cells was high(±3,166 yeasts/100 Caco-2 cells).Finally,the developed product in this study was found to be suitable for incorporation in functional foods,as well as in pharmaceutical products,demonstrating its biotechnological potential.

关键词： Coencapsulation Cheese whey Prebiotic Probiotic biotechnology Yeast

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NRC Immune receptor networks show diversified hierarchical genetic architecture across plant lineages

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Plant Cell 2024年第9期36卷 3399-3418页

作者： Goh, Foong-Jing Huang, Ching-Yi Derevnina, Lida Wu, Chih-Hang Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology Academia Sinica Taipei 115201 Taiwan Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program Taiwan International Graduate Program National Chung-Hsing University and Academia Sinica Taipei 115201 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biotechnology National Chung-Hsing University Taichung 402202 Taiwan Crop Science Centre Department of Plant Science University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0LE United Kingdom Biotechnology Center National Chung-Hsing University Taichung 402202 Taiwan

Plants' complex immune systems include nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLR) proteins, which help recognize invading pathogens. In solanaceous plants, the NRC (NLR required for cell death) family includes helper NLRs that form a complex genetic network with multiple sensor NLRs to provide resistance against pathogens. However, the evolution and function of NRC networks outside solanaceous plants are currently unclear. Here, we conducted phylogenomic and macroevolutionary analyses comparing NLRs identified from different asterid lineages and found that NRC networks expanded significantly in most lamiids but not in Ericales and campanulids. Using transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana, we showed that NRC networks are simple in Ericales and campanulids, but have high complexity in lamiids. Phylogenetic analyses grouped the NRC helper NLRs into three NRC0 subclades that are conserved, and several family-specific NRC subclades of lamiids that show signatures of diversifying selection. Functional analyses revealed that members of the NRC0 subclades are partially interchangeable, whereas family-specific NRC members in lamiids lack interchangeability. Our findings highlight the distinctive evolutionary patterns of the NRC networks in asterids and provide potential insights into transferring disease resistance across plant lineages. © 2024 The Author(s).

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Drainage and Preliminary Risk of Flooding in an Urban Zone of Eastern Amazon

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第5期11卷 1-16页

作者： Taís Silva Sousa Clezio Júnior Teixeira Viegas Helenilza Ferreira Albuquerque Cunha Alan Cavalcanti da Cunha Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences Federal University of Amapá Macapá Brazil Graduate Program in Tropical Biodiversity Federal University of Amapá Macapá Brazil Graduate Program in Biotechnology Federal University of Amapá Macapá Brazil

Drainage system is a poorly investigated basic sanitation and urban planning issue in the Amazon, which is often related to flooding processes and public health. The aim of the present research is to correlate Preliminary Risk of Flooding (PRF) to independent variables, based on the following methodology: 1) identifying and classifying risk areas by using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and 2) statistically correlating risk to sanitary and environmental variables. Results have shown that preliminary risk is correlated to, at least, seven sanitary and environmental variables, depending on flood influence area;and there are significant correlations observed in the rainy season interval [probability or significance (p) 0.05]. In conclusion, PRF is higher in the rainy season, but it is spatially influenced by the elevation of terrain, number of flooding points, drainage typology and Environmental Salubrity Index (ESI) of neighborhoods, which directly affect the water quality in nearby groundwater wells (Total Coliforms, nitrate (NO₃) and ammonia (NH₃)). However, this influence can eventually significantly change in the dry season.

关键词： Drainage System Environmental Salubrity Index Groundwater GIS

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Glutamine induces lateral root initiation, stress responses, and disease resistance in Arabidopsis

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Plant Physiology 2024年第3期195卷 2289-2308页

作者： Liao, Hong-Sheng Lee, Kim-Teng Chung, Yi-Hsin Chen, Soon-Ziet Hung, Yi-Jie Hsieh, Ming-Hsiun Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology Academia Sinica Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences The Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Biotechnology Center National Chung-Hsing University Department of Life Sciences National Central University

The production of glutamine (Gln) from NO3- and NH4+ requires ATP, reducing power, and carbon skeletons. Plants may redirect these resources to other physiological processes using Gln directly. However, feeding Gln as the sole nitrogen (N) source has complex effects on plants. Under optimal concentrations, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings grown on Gln have similar primary root lengths, more lateral roots, smaller leaves, and higher amounts of amino acids and proteins compared to those grown on NH4NO3. While high levels of Gln accumulate in Arabidopsis seedlings grown on Gln, the expression of GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE1;1 (GLN1;1), GLN1;2, and GLN1;3 encoding cytosolic GS1 increases and expression of GLN2 encoding chloroplastic GS2 decreases. These results suggest that Gln has distinct effects on regulating GLN1 and GLN2 gene expression. Notably, Arabidopsis seedlings grown on Gln have an unexpected gene expression profile. Compared with NH4NO3, which activates growth-promoting genes, Gln preferentially induces stress- and defense-responsive genes. Consistent with the gene expression data, exogenous treatment with Gln enhances disease resistance in Arabidopsis. The induction of Gln-responsive genes, including PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1, SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT1, WRKY54, and WALL ASSOCIATED KINASE1, is compromised in salicylic acid (SA) biosynthetic and signaling mutants under Gln treatments. Together, these results suggest that Gln may partly interact with the SA pathway to trigger plant immunity. © The Author(s) 2024.

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Dynamic organelle changes and autophagic processes in lily pollen germination

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Botanical Studies 2024年第1期65卷 1-15页

作者： Yen, Chih-Chung Hsu, Chia-Mei Jiang, Pei-Luen Jauh, Guang-Yuh Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan Department of Biotechnology National Formosa University Huwei Township Yulin County Taiwan Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences International Graduate Program National Chung-Hsing University Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Biotechnology Center National Chung-Hsing University Taichung Taiwan

Pollen germination is a crucial process in the life cycle of flowering plants, signifying the transition of quiescent pollen grains into active growth. This study delves into the dynamic changes within organelles and the pivotal role of autophagy during lily pollen germination. Initially, mature pollen grains harbor undifferentiated organelles, including amyloplasts, mitochondria, and the Golgi apparatus. However, germination unveils remarkable transformations, such as the redifferentiation of amyloplasts accompanied by starch granule accumulation. We investigate the self-sustained nature of amylogenesis during germination, shedding light on its association with osmotic pressure. Employing BODIPY 493/503 staining, we tracked lipid body distribution throughout pollen germination, both with or without autophagy inhibitors (3-MA, NEM). Typically, lipid bodies undergo polarized movement from pollen grains into elongating pollen tubes, a process crucial for directional growth. Inhibiting autophagy disrupted this essential lipid body redistribution, underscoring the interaction between autophagy and lipid body dynamics. Notably, the presence of tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-like structures associated with developing amyloplasts and lipid bodies implies their participation in autophagy. Starch granules, lipid bodies, and membrane remnants observed within vacuoles further reinforce the involvement of autophagic processes. Among the autophagy inhibitors, particularly BFA, significantly impede germination and growth, thereby affecting Golgi morphology. Immunogold labeling substantiates the pivotal role of the ER in forming autophagosome-like compartments and protein localization. Our proposed speculative model of pollen germination encompasses proplastid differentiation and autophagosome formation. This study advances our understanding of organelle dynamics and autophagy during pollen germination, providing valuable insights into the realm of plant reproductive physiolog

关键词： Autophagy Organelle dynamics Pollen germination Vacuole formation

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A versatile in situ cofactor enhancing system for meeting cellular demands for engineered metabolic pathways

A versatile in situ cofactor enhancing system for meeting ce...

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作者： Jaroensuk, Juthamas Sutthaphirom, Chalermroj Phonbuppha, Jittima Chinantuya, Wachirawit Kesornpun, Chatchai Akeratchatapan, Nattanon Kittipanukul, Narongyot Phatinuwat, Kamonwan Atichartpongkul, Sopapan Fuangthong, Mayuree Pongtharangkul, Thunyarat Hollmann, Frank Chaiyen, Pimchai Rayong Thailand Faculty of Science Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand Program in Applied Biological Sciences Chulabhorn Graduate Institute Bangkok Thailand Laboratory of Biotechnology Chulabhorn Research Institute Bangkok Thailand Faculty of Science Department of Biotechnology Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

Cofactor imbalance obstructs the productivities of metabolically engineered cells. Herein, we employed a minimally perturbing system, xylose reductase and lactose (XR/lactose), to increase the levels of a pool of sugar phosphates which are connected to the biosynthesis of NAD(P)H, FAD, FMN, and ATP in Escherichia coli. The XR/lactose system could increase the amounts of the precursors of these cofactors and was tested with three different metabolically engineered cell systems (fatty alcohol biosynthesis, bioluminescence light generation, and alkane biosynthesis) with different cofactor demands. Productivities of these cells were increased 2-4-fold by the XR/lactose system. Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed different metabolite patterns among these cells, demonstrating that only metabolites involved in relevant cofactor biosynthesis were altered. The results were also confirmed by transcriptomic analysis. Another sugar reducing system (glucose dehydrogenase) could also be used to increase fatty alcohol production but resulted in less yield enhancement than XR. This work demonstrates that the approach of increasing cellular sugar phosphates can be a generic tool to increase in vivo cofactor generation upon cellular demand for synthetic biology. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Biosynthesis

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Robust temporal knowledge inference via pathway snapshots with liquid neural network

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Methods 2025年 241卷 24-32页

作者： Han, Peifu Wang, Jianmin Liu, Dayan Liu, Lin Song, Tao College of Computer Science and Technology China University of Petroleum Qingdao 266580 China The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology Yonsei University Incheon 21983 South Korea Department of Stomatology The First Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853 China

Static graphs play a pivotal role in modeling and analyzing biological and biomedical data. However, many real-world scenarios—such as disease progression and drug pharmacokinetic processes—exhibit dynamic behaviors. Consequently, static graph methods often struggle to robustly address new environments characterized by complex and previously unseen relationship changes. Here, we propose a method for constructing temporal knowledge inference agents tailored to disease pathways, enabling effective relation reasoning beyond their training environment under complex shifts. To achieve this, we developed an imitation learning framework using liquid neural networks, a class of continuous-time neural models inspired by the brain function that are causal and adaptable to changing conditions. Our findings indicate that liquid agents can distill the essential tasks from knowledge graph inputs while accounting temporal evolution, thereby enabling the transfer of temporal skills to novel time nodes. Compared to state-of-the-art deep reinforcement learning agents, experiments demonstrate that temporal robustness in decision-making emerges uniquely in liquid networks. © 2025

关键词： Disease Pathways Liquid Neural Networks Relation Reasoning Robust Decision-Making Temporal Knowledge Inference

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Bioinformatics exploration into potential mechanisms of Calamus draco for colorectal cancer treatment 9th

Bioinformatics exploration into potential mechanisms of Cala...

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9th International Conference on Computer Science and Computational Intelligence, ICCSCI 2024

作者： Kenneth, Christian Nirwantono, Rudi Pardamean, Bens Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Biotechnology Department Faculty of Engineering Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program Computer Science Program Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia

As one of the cancer types with the highest incidence rates, colorectal cancer (CRC) would benefit from treatments with fewer side effects and reduced treatment-resistant potential. One of the options is to harness the anti-CRC potential of natural products. Previous studies have shown that Calamus draco exudate, dragon's blood, has anticancer activity in liver cancer and acute myeloid leukemia, but its bioactivity has not been studied in CRC. Here we conduct a bioinformatics study based on network pharmacology to explore the anti-CRC potential and mechanism of C. draco-derived compounds. The bioinformatics pipeline is composed of compound and target collection, biological network evaluation, and enrichment analysis. We found that there are 43 bioactive compounds from C. draco targeting 91 CRC-related targets, of which most compounds target MEN1, PTGS2, and IDH1. Further analyses show that the targets of C. draco are involved in the cellular response to hypoxia. By inhibiting those targets, C. draco bioactive compounds can potentially hinder angiogenesis and increase treatment response efficacy. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Lung cancer

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Effect of hot water extraction process on schizophyllan from split gill mushroom

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Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 2024年第1期14卷 1017-1026页

作者： Saetang, Nuttapong Rattanapot, Thiravat Manmai, Numchok Amornlerdpison, Doungporn Ramaraj, Rameshprabu Unpaprom, Yuwalee Program in Biotechnology Faculty of Science Maejo University Chiang Mai50290 Thailand Center of Excellence in Agricultural Innovation for Graduate Entrepreneur Maejo University Chiang Mai50290 Thailand Department of Forestry National Chung Hsing University Taichung402 Taiwan School of Renewable Energy Maejo University Chiang Mai50290 Thailand

The split gill mushroom or Schizophyllum commune (S. commune) is a therapeutic mushroom. For cell wall composition, it consists of rich β-glucans (schizophyllan). This mushroom is high in nutritional content and has a wide range of biological properties. In this research, it is interesting to study hot water extraction of this functional schizophyllan. Central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize these extraction parameters, namely, temperature (80–121 °C) and time (1–3 h) of schizophyllan extract (polysaccharide from S. commune) with a greater degree of polymerization (DP), maximum total sugar content, minimum reducing sugar content, and appropriate extraction yield. The results revealed the highest yield obtained from polysaccharide and supernatant extract (from the separation of polysaccharide extraction) at an extraction temperature of 121 °C for 2–3 h. Moreover, the optimal extraction temperature and time of polysaccharide extracts were 106.5 °C and 126.7 min (total sugar content);103.1 °C and 177.0 min (reducing sugar content);and 104.1 °C and 175.5 min (DP value). This research shows that the optimum condition of schizophyllan extraction was around 100–110 °C for 2–3 h with the highest DP of about 6, including potential immune-enhancing and anticancer properties. As a result, the schizophyllan from the split gill mushroom is probably utilized as a functional ingredient with nutraceutical compounds and developed as other high value-added functional food products in further study. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Extraction

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7S,8R-Dihydroxydeepoxysarcophytoxide: A natural dihydrofuranocembranoid from the octocoral Sarcophyton stellatum

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Phytochemistry Letters 2024年 63卷 14-17页

作者： Sheu, Jyh-Horng Zheng, Li-Guo Chen, You-Ying Chien, Su-Ying Sung, Ping-Jyun Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources National Sun Yat-sen University Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center China Medical University Hospital National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium Instrumentation Center National Taiwan University Graduate Institute of Natural Products Kaohsiung Medical University Ph.D. Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Fu Jen Catholic University

Chemical screening of the octocoral Sarcophyton stellatum led to the isolation of a natural dihydrofuranocembranoid, 7S,8R-dihydroxydeepoxysarcophytoxide (1). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was conducted to determine the absolute configuration of 1, and its structure was confirm using two-dimensional NMR experiments and a literature review. Dihydrofuranocembranoid 1 actively enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity. © 2024 Phytochemical Society of Europe

关键词： Absolute configuration Alkaline phosphatase Dihydrofuranocembranoid Sarcophytoxide

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