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Production and characterization of polymeric nanocomposite foams based on starch and cellulose nanofibers from oil palm mesocarp fiber

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Applied Nanoscience (Switzerland) 2025年第2期15卷 1-11页

作者： Souza, Mariana Costa Gonçalves, Ana Paula Bispo da Silva Oliveira, Emanoel Igor dos Santos, Juscivaldo Passos Lazzari, Lídia Kunz Zattera, Ademir José José, Nadia Mamede Chemical Engineering Graduate Program Polytechnic School Federal University of Bahia Bahia Salvador Brazil Department of Education Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology Feira de Santana Bahia Brazil Postgraduate Program in Process Engineering and Technologies University of Caxias Do Sul Rio Grande Do Sul Caxias Do Sul Brazil

The demand for sustainable and eco-friendly materials has promoted studies over the years to explore different polymeric materials that meet requirements such as biodegradability and sustainability. In this context, biopolymer materials based on cellulose nanoparticles and starch from different botanical sources have been investigated, aiming to achieve satisfactory performance. The present study aims to develop and characterize cassava starch foams based on density, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and three-point flexure tests, and to evaluate the effect of cellulose nanofibers obtained from palm mesocarp fibers using the ultrafine friction grinding method after different processing times, characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), microscopy, and chemical composition, as a reinforcing filler. The chemical composition and scanning electron microscopy revealed the effectiveness of the cellulose isolation process, with the analysis of the chemical composition revealing a cellulose content of 55.70% in the fibers after pulping and bleaching, in addition to changes in the visual characteristics of the material after the process aimed at isolating the cellulose. After grinding, XRD showed an increase in crystallinity (76.1% at the maximum grinding time), along with typical microscopy images of cellulose nanofibers. The analysis of the obtained nanocomposites provided insights into the role of these nanostructures in the thermo-expanded starch matrix, indicating that the nanofibers promoted changes such as an increase in mechanical properties and crystallinity, which contributed to improving overall mechanical performance. A 67.48% increase in flexural strength was achieved for the formulation with cellulose nanofibers that underwent 150 min of grinding, without causing major variations in density. © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2025.

关键词： Starch

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Exploring Carotenoid from Chlorella Sorokiniana as a Natural Alternative to Yellow Artificial Food Dyes: Stability and Application in Model System

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Bianchini, Carlen Bettim Minatel, Gabriela Gomes Schappo, Flávia Barbosa Arend, Giordana Demaman de Mello Castanho Amboni, Renata Dias De Rosso, Veridiana Vera Nunes, Itaciara Larroza Graduate Program in Food Science Department of Food Science and Technology Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis88034-001 Brazil Graduate Program in Food Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis88040-900 Brazil Nutrition and Food Service Research Center Federal University of São Paulo Santos11015-020 Brazil

This study investigated ultrasound-assisted extraction using ethanol from Chlorella sorokiniana-derived carotenoids and encapsulation by co-crystallization. The carotenoid extract was quantified and identified (HPLC-DAD) and its encapsulation efficiency was assessed. Co-crystals were analyzed for FTIR spectra, morphology (SEM) and stability (moisture, water activity, carotenoid content, and color) over 90 days. Their potential as a natural dye in gelatin was also evaluated. Lutein and β-carotene were the major carotenoids, with an encapsulation efficiency of 53%. FTIR analysis of the co-crystals demonstrated characteristic functional groups of sucrose and carotenoids, while SEM revealed a porous structure with particles diameters ranging from 2 μm to 20 μm. Over storage, moisture, and water activity increased, while carotenoid content decreased. Yellow remained stable in co-crystals for 90 days, whereas gelatin powder showed reduced red and yellow colors. The color of the ready-to-serve gelatin remained stable for seven days. Co-crystals can replace artificial dyes and sugar in gelatin. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ethanol

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Bovine bone–based activated carbon composite containing nanomagnetite as a catalyst for photo-Fenton reactions

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Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2025年 1-18页

作者： Guidolin, Thays de Oliveira Polla, Mariana Borges Rodriguez, Adriane de Assis Lawisch Wermuth, Tiago Bender Eller, Sarah de Oliveira, Tiago Franco Pereira, Fabiano Raupp da Cas Viegas, Alexandre Montedo, Oscar Rubem Klegues Cechinel, Maria Alice Prado Arcaro, Sabrina Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense SC CriciúmaCEP 88806-000 Brazil Laboratório de Engenharia Ambiental Universidade de Santa Cruz Do Sul RS Santa Cruz Do SulCEP 96815-900 Brazil Graduate Program in Health Sciences Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre RS Porto AlegreCED 90050-170 Brazil Institute of Physics Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul 9500 RS Porto AlegreCEP 91501-970 Brazil Department of Chemical and Food Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina SC FlorianópolisCEP 88040-900 Brazil

Magnetic composites (MC) prepared from magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) and activated carbon from bovine bone (AC) in different proportions (75/25, 50/50, and 25/75) were used as catalysts in the photo-Fenton process to degrade methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution. The materials were prepared by the citrate–nitrate sol–gel synthesis method and used as catalysts in the photo-Fenton process. The photocatalytic tests were performed in a cylindrical reactor with a 4.13-cm internal diameter and 300-mL maximum capacity, equipped with 9.9-W visible light lamps. The specific surface area of the MC increased by up to 1138.39% with the addition of AC. Morphological analysis confirmed the anchoring of MNPs on the AC surface. The band gap values of the materials ranged from 1.16 to 1.55 eV and increased proportionally with the addition of AC to the MC compositions. MC-75/25 and MC-50/50 presented predominantly superparamagnetic behavior, while for MC-25/75 superparamagnetic and superimposed paramagnetic phases were observed. All samples showed good reduction of the MB concentration, exceeding 80% after 10 cycles of use. The mineralization advanced extensively to simple organic acids, proving the non-generation of harmful by-products and the efficiency of this photocatalytic system. The use of magnetic composites favored the efficient separation of the catalyst without causing secondary pollution, in addition to increasing the stability and reusability of the catalysts. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Bone

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Chitosan-geopolymer composites: A synergistic approach to sustainable and functional materials

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Ceramics International 2025年

作者： Silva, Angelo Oliveira Colombo, Paolo Hotza, Dachamir Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina SC Florianópolis88040-900 Brazil Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova Padova35131 Italy

The combination of chitosan, a natural biopolymer, with geopolymers, a class of inorganic materials, represents a promising strategy to develop sustainable and high-performance composites for various applications. This review explores the current state of research on chitosan-geopolymer composites, focusing on two primary methods of incorporation: pre-geopolymerization and post-geopolymerization. Key findings highlight how chitosan addition impacts the properties of geopolymers, with potential applications in civil construction materials and environmental remediation. The review also discusses the challenges of process optimization, scalability, and long-term performance, identifying future research directions to enhance the effectiveness of these materials. This work aims to provide a comprehensive overview for researchers and engineers interested in the development and application of innovative, eco-friendly materials. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

关键词： Metamaterials

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Phenomenological modeling of H2S adsorption in fixed-bed columns: Operational variables effect over column performance and scale-up

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chemical engineering Journal 2025年 515卷

作者： Costacurta da Silva, Pedro Guilherme Alves, Helton José da Silva, Eliane Soares Machado, Bruna Borba, Carlos Eduardo Scheufele, Fabiano Bisinella Federal Technological University of Paraná - UTFPR Campus Toledo Cristo Rei 19 Vila Becker PR Toledo85902-490 Brazil Materials and Renewable Energy Laboratory - LABMATER Federal University of Paraná – UFPR Setor Palotina Rua Pioneiro 2153 PR Palotina85950-000 Brazil Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering West Paraná State University Rua da Faculdade 645 PR Toledo85903-000 Brazil

This study investigates the adsorption of H2S onto babassu-derived biochar in a fixed-bed column through a phenomenological model. Lab-scale experiments were conducted under varying operational conditions (H2S concentration, flow rate, and temperature) to assess their effect over equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics and fluid dynamics of the process, by applying external film diffusion, overall diffusion (linear driving force – LDF), and adsorption on adsorbent sites. Langmuir isotherm confirmed favorable monolayer adsorption, while LDF model described diffusion-controlled kinetics. Process simulations suggested optimization strategies, including lowering H2S concentrations, reducing flow rates, and adjusting bed height. The lab-scale data were used to simulate a real-scale adsorber under typical industrial conditions. The study revealed operational challenges, mainly due to high flow rates and H2S concentrations, which led to a "concentration hammer" effect, resulting in reduced bed efficiency. The analysis of commercial-scale data highlighted operational inefficiencies, such as premature breakthrough time and reduced bed utilization efficiency (η 2S inlet concentrations below 500 ppm, flow rates between 300–1000 mL min−1, and temperatures up to 35 °C. Simulations based on lab-scale parameters suggested potential process modifications, including using higher bed heights, operating dual columns in parallel, and implementing H2S concentration and flow control systems. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of phenomenological modeling in understanding the complex dynamics of H2S adsorption, supporting both scale-up and optimization of industrial-scale systems through predictive simulations and minimized experimentation. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Flow interactions

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Valorization of Spondias bahiensis waste: Ultrasound-assisted extraction, in vitro phenolics bioaccessibility, and effect on the stability of lipid-protein oxidation in pre-cooked goat meatballs

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Food Bioscience 2025年 69卷

作者： da Silva Ferreira, Valquíria Cardoso de Santana Neto, Deocleciano Cassiano Fernandes Santos, Miriane Moreira da Silva, Anna Júllia Bezerra de Azevedo Moura, Gleyce Swellen Santos Ribeiro, José Evangelista Lima, Marcos dos Santos Magnani, Marciane Silva, Fábio Anderson Pereira da Department of Management and Agro-industrial Technology Federal University of Paraíba Paraíba Bananeiras Brazil Post-graduate Program in Food Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Paraná Brazil Post-graduate Program in Food Science and Technology Department of Food Engineering Technology Center Federal University of Paraíba Paraíba Joao Pessoa 58051-900 Brazil Department of Food Engineering Technology Center Federal University of Paraíba Paraíba Joao Pessoa 58051-900 Brazil

This study aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from the bagasse of umbu-cajá (Spondias bahiensis), a native Brazilian fruit, and to assess their bioaccessibility. Additionally, the influence of different concentrations of the umbu-cajá bagasse (SBB) extract on the oxidative stability of pre-cooked goat meatballs was investigated over a 10-day refrigerated storage period by quantifying lipid oxidation products. A central composite rotational design determined the optimal ethanol concentration, sonication time, and bagasse-solvent ratio. The optimized extract was applied to meatballs at two concentrations: EX2 (meatballs with 7.0 g/100 g of added SBB extract) and EX4 (meatballs with 13.7 g/100 g of added SBB extract). A control treatment (no antioxidant) and BHT-treated meatballs (0.02 g/100 g) were included as references. Meatballs were evaluated by measuring instrumental color, peroxide value, TBARS, carbonyl compounds, and through simulated digestion. Optimal extraction conditions were 55 % ethanol, 20 min of sonication, and a 1:36.8 bagasse-to-solvent ratio (m/v). The extract showed high antioxidant activity and bioaccessibility of catechin (1243.75 %), epicatechin gallate (918.75 %), procyanidins B2 (915.38 %), gallic acid (319.76 %) and procyanidins B1 (136.36 %). SBB extract slowed lipid oxidation until day 10 and protein oxidation until day 5 but did not inhibit color change. The meatballs had low content of oxidative compounds and high antioxidant capacity in the intestinal fraction, indicating that SBB extract can partially or totally replace the synthetic preservative. © 2025

关键词： Antioxidant Goat meat In vitro gastrointestinal digestion Oxidation Phenolic compounds Umbu-cajá

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A comprehensive evaluation of the use of graphene enriched cutting fluids on the surface integrity of very poor-grindability materials

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Wear 2025年

作者： de Oliveira, Déborah de Paiva, Raphael Lima de Souza Ruzzi, Rodrigo Jackson, Mark James Gelamo, Rogério Valentim Machado, Alisson Rocha da Silva, Rosemar Batista University of Brasília Department of Mechanical Engineering DF Brasília Brazil Federal University of Piauí School of Mechanical Engineering PI Teresina Brazil Federal University of Uberlandia School of Mechanical Engineering MG Uberlandia Brazil Kansas State University College of Technology and Aviation SalinaKS United States Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro Institute of Technological and Exact Sciences MG Uberaba Brazil Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná Mechanical Engineering Graduate Program PR Curitiba Brazil

The use of graphene has stood out in recent years in different fields due to the wide applicability based on its properties. Specifically, multilayer graphene can be highlighted as a good lubricant, it possesses low shear resistance between layers and has good thermal conductivity. Those characteristics are well suitable for cutting fluids, especially considering the grinding process which presents high friction, elastic and plastic deformations, and the intense occurrence of plowing, thereby resulting in high specific cutting energy. However, studies have shown the use of graphene on cutting fluids can be influenced by many factors, including delivery methods, particle concentrations and even the workpiece material. Thus, a comprehension of how graphene particles added to the cutting fluid interact at the abrasive-chip interface is important for its correct use and the achievement of high-quality surfaces. In this sense, this work aims to investigate the use of multilayer graphene enhanced cutting fluids delivered during the grinding process for three different very poor-grindability materials: Inconel 625, Inconel 718 and SAE 52100 hardened steel. Different multilayer graphene concentrations (0.05–0.1 wt%) were added in the same base fluid and tested under different flow rates. The influence of graphene was assessed in terms of grinding power, surface roughness and morphology (SEM images). The experimental results showed that for the lower hardness material (Inconel 625), graphene promoted intense plowing and adhered material on the ground surface, while for the SAE 52100 steel, minor effects were generated on the surface affecting its integrity. For Inconel 718, that possesses both high hardness and ductile responses, the presence of graphene in the cutting fluid provides a great improvement in cutting, resulting in 15 % and 27 % reduction in surface roughness values and grinding power, respectively, even for a low cutting fluid flow rate. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Grinding (machining)

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Eco-friendly carboxymethyl cellulose films incorporated with phenolic compounds from hydrodistillation wastewater of rosemary essential oil

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International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2025年 311卷

作者： Nahas, Elisa Othero Andrade, Grazielle S.S. Lopes, Melina S. Silva, Eric Keven Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering Institute of Science and Technology Federal University of Alfenas - Campus Poços de Caldas Minas Gerais Poços de Caldas37715-400 Brazil Rua Monteiro Lobato 80 SP CampinasCEP: 13083-862 Brazil

The food packaging industry seeks innovative materials that enhance food preservation while promoting sustainability. This study investigated the development of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films incorporating both rosemary essential oil (EO) and phenolic compounds extracted from the hydrodistillation wastewater of rosemary. The aqueous extract (AE), rich in rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, luteolin, rosmanol, and carnosic acid, was used to improve the bioactive properties of the films. Four formulations were produced: CMC (control), CMC/EO (with essential oil), CMC/AE (with aqueous extract), and CMC/EO/AE (with both EO and AE). The incorporation of EO and AE increased the film thickness and altered microstructural properties, with EO-containing films exhibiting larger voids due to oil droplet coalescence. Films with AE showed a significantly higher yellowing index and superior UV barrier properties, which could protect light-sensitive foods. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed successful incorporation of bioactive compounds, while solubility tests revealed that EO-containing films were fully soluble, whereas AE-containing films exhibited reduced solubility (∼50 %), enhancing their potential for moisture-sensitive food applications. EO increased film flexibility, whereas AE-containing films demonstrated improved antioxidant activity, with FRAP and TEAC values approximately 300 % and 700 % higher, respectively, compared to the control. These films have potential for food packaging applications, particularly for lipid-rich foods prone to oxidative degradation (e.g., nuts, dairy, processed meats) and fresh produce susceptible to photodegradation. By utilizing a by-product of the essential oil industry, this study contributes to the development of sustainable and functional food packaging solutions. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Cellulose films

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Evaluation of the extraction of antioxidant compounds from buriti pulp (Mauritia flexuosa L.) by response surface methodology

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Heliyon 2025年第2期11卷 e41926页

作者： Nogueira, Gabriela Mota Cardoso, Flávia Aparecida Reitz Perdoncini, Márcia Regina Ferreira Geraldo da Silva, Marcos Vieira Rigobello, Eliane Sloboda Department of Food Engineering and Chemical Engineering Federal University of Technology–Paraná (UTFPR) Campo Mourão 87301-005 Brazil Post-Graduation Program of Food Technology (PPGTA) Federal University of Technology–Paraná (UTFPR) Campo Mourão 87301-005 Brazil Post-Graduation Program of Technological Innovations (PPGIT) Federal University of Technology–Paraná Campo Mourão 87301-005 Brazil Instituto Federal Farroupilha Campus Alegrete Alegrete 97555-000 Brazil

Buriti is a fruit rich in antioxidant compounds, and hydroalcoholic extracts were produced from its pulp to investigate the extraction conditions that result in the highest concentrations of bioactive compounds and maximum antioxidant capacity. The results showed considerable variation in the bioactive compound contents in the pulp: total phenolics (104.64–270.61 mg GAE 100 g-1), total flavonoids (17.74–60.46 mg EC 100 g⁻¹), and total carotenoids (1.30–3.92 mg kg⁻¹). The antioxidant capacity of the extracts, evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods, ranged from 1.23 to 3.47 μmol ET g⁻¹, 6.34–15.86 μmol ET g⁻¹, and 4.74–11.95 μmol ET g⁻¹, respectively, highlighting the broad diversity of antioxidant activities present in the extracts. Data modeling generated statistically significant mathematical models and contour graphs, which allowed the identification of the optimal extraction conditions for the compounds. Total carotenoids were most effectively extracted with 20 % buriti pulp, intermediate ethanol concentrations, and temperatures around 70 °C. All other bioactive compounds were more efficiently extracted with 5 % buriti pulp, intermediate ethanol concentrations, and temperatures close to 30 °C. The results confirmed the efficiency of the extractions and highlighted the excellent antioxidant potential of buriti pulp. Additionally, the analysis of the optimal regions for extracting antioxidant compounds from the pulp can be applied in future studies to optimize the extraction process, providing a solid foundation for using this fruit in industrial processes, such as the production of functional ingredients. © 2025

关键词： Antioxidants Buriti Experimental design Extraction Pulp

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An improved flexible tolerance method for solving nonlinear constrained optimization problems:Application in mass integration

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Chinese Journal of chemical engineering 2017年第5期25卷 617-631页

作者： Alice Medeiros Lima Wu Hong Kwong Antonio José Goncalves Cruz Chemical Engineering Graduate Program Federal University of Sao Carlos Department of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Sao Carlos

This paper proposes the use of the flexible tolerance method(FTM) modified with adaptive Nelder–Mead parameters and barrier to solve constrained optimization problems. The problems used to analyze the performance of the methods were taken from G-Suite functions, and the methods with the best performance were applied in mass integration problems. Four methods were proposed:(1) flexible tolerance method(FTM) using adaptive parameters(FTMA),(2) flexible tolerance method with scaling(FTMS) and with adaptive parameters(FTMAS),(3) FTMS including the barrier modification(MFTMS) and(4) MFTMS hybridized with PSO(MFTMS-PSO). The success rates of these methods were 100%(MFTMS), 85%(MFTMS-PSO), 40%(FTMAS) and 30%(FTMA).Numerical experiments indicated that the MFTMS could efficiently and reliably improve the accuracy of global optima. In mass integration, the method was able, from current process situation, to reach the optimum process configuration that includes integration issues, which was not possible using FTM in its standard formulation. The hybridization of FTMS with PSO(without barrier), FTMS-PSO, was also able to solve mass integration problems efficiently.

关键词： Flexible tolerance method Adaptive parameters Scaling Constrained optimization Barrier PSO Mass integration

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