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World environmental and Water Resources Congress 2022: Adaptive Planning and Design in an Age of Risk and Uncertainty

作者： Zambon, Renato C. Marins, José C. Yeh, William W.-G. Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Univ. of São Paulo Brazil Graduate Program In Energy Institute of Energy and Environment Univ. of São Paulo Brazil Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Univ. of California Los Angeles United States

ISBN: (数字)9780784484258

ISBN: (纸本)9780784484258

The Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP) water supply system in Brazil is one of the largest in the world. It supplies water to 21.5 million inhabitants and is upstream of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas. The region has 3.1 million inhabitants in the Piracicaba, Capivari, and Jundiaí River basins (PCJ). The water supply system consists of seven main reservoir subsystems and is currently recovering from the worst drought in history. Cantareira subsystem is the largest in both water supply and storage capacity. It transfers water from the PCJ to the MRSP. There are two newly built water transfer systems: one from the Jaguari Reservoir, directly linked to the Cantareira subsystem, and another from the São Lourenço Reservoir, which is connected to a new water treatment plant. Both water transfer systems operate at very high energy costs. Additionally, there exist conflicts among all water users. The primary role of the two new water transfer systems was to increase water security. Since 2017, the newly imposed minimum required flows at PCJ increased the releases from Cantareira subsystem by 5 m3/s. But this increase necessitates both São Lourenço and Jaguari to operate at almost full capacity as well as at much higher energy cost, while the less expensive Cantareira subsystem stands operating with idle capacity to sustain higher required downstream releases. Currently, Brazil is facing a new record-breaking drought, now in the southeast region, with simultaneous water and energy crisis. In this paper we use SISAGUA, a previously developed nonlinear optimization model, to evaluate the impacts of the modified constraints on the management of the MRSP water supply system, considering energy consumption, operational costs, and water security. © ASCE.

关键词： Water supply

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Photocatalytic degradation of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid using titanium dioxide/graphene oxide nanocomposite immobilized on polyvinyl alcohol film

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Case Studies in Chemical and environmental engineering 2024年 10卷

作者： Boonchata, Putthicha Boontanon, Narin Jindal, Vinod Aung, Humm Kham Zan Zan Visvanathan, Chettiyappan Fujii, Shigeo Boontanon, Suwanna Kitpati Graduate Program in Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Mahidol University Research Center and Technology Development for Environmental Innovation Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies Mahidol University Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Mahidol University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University

In full-scale units, the real application of nanoparticles photocatalytic degradation is still challenging due to the requirement of post separation for recovery of fine particles. This work investigated the removal efficiencies of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) using titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles coupling with graphene oxide (GO) sheets immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix via solution-casting and a heat-treatment process to achieve the TiO₂/GO/PVA nanocomposite film as a photocatalyst. The operative parameters were focused on initial solution pH value, GO concentration, and heat-treatment time, which subsequently determined the optimal indices for the catalyst film. The structure characterization of the Ti–O–C bond indicated that a strong interaction between GO and TiO₂ had been formed at the hydrolysis process while TiO₂/GO nanoparticles were chemically embedded in PVA matrix by the heat-treatment method. The photocatalytic degradation of PFOS and PFOA produced a nanocomposite film with 25 wt% TiO₂/GO that was treated at 120 °C for 3 h and exhibited a remarkable removal activity in acidic solution with a pH of 3. This condition efficiently degraded PFOS and PFOA by approximately 95.99 % and 96.89 %, respectively, through a photocatalytic reaction. This research presents a straightforward method to synthesize TiO₂/GO/PVA catalyst that influences persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under ultraviolet irradiation, which is of practical significance for environmental applications. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Graphene oxide PFOA PFOS Photocatalytic Polyvinyl alcohol Titanium dioxide

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Spatially differentiated life cycle assessment of Thailand's transport: The implications from country-specific factors and alternative technologies

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Sustainable Production and Consumption 2025年 57卷 319-340页

作者： Chotanapund, Vitoon Gheewala, Shabbir H. Strezov, Vladimir Huda, Nazmul Mungkalasiri, Jitti Prapaspongsa, Trakarn Graduate Program in Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom Thailand School of Natural Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Macquarie University NSW2109 Australia King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok Thailand Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment Ministry of Higher Education Science Research and Innovation Ministry of Education Bangkok Thailand School of Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering Macquarie University NSW2109 Australia Pathum Thani Thailand

This study proposed country-specific characterisation factors (CFs) for Thailand by modifying the Thai Spatially Differentiated Life Cycle Impact Assessment (ThaiSD) method and introducing monetary conversion factors to express environmental impacts in Thai Baht. Five impact categories were fully parameterised, including fine particulate matter formation (PMF), human toxicity (both cancer and non-cancer) (HTc and HTnc), freshwater ecotoxicity (FET), and water scarcity (WS). Other spatialised CFs were selected from regionalisation models in ReCiPe2016 and IMPACT World+. When comparing the use of country-specific CFs with global average, the impact scores for PMF, HTc, HTnc, FET, photochemical ozone formation and terrestrial acidification demonstrated notably different levels, ranging from ±25 to ±50 %. The developed method was then applied to assess environmental impacts and costs of Thailand's transport sector, encompassing freight and passenger transport across roadway, railway, waterway, and aviation. Climate change (CC) was significantly attributed to human health and ecosystem quality impacts, while the major contributor to resource scarcity impact was fossil resource scarcity (FS). In some scenarios, non-exhaust emissions, particularly from freight trucks, accounted for 40–60 % of the total PMF impacts. environmental costs of freight and passenger transport in Thailand were 0.08–3.64 Thai Baht per tonne-kilometre and 0.01–0.81 Thai Baht per passenger-kilometre, respectively. Among transport modes, trains were found to be the most environmentally favourable option for both passenger and freight transport, while aviation had the highest environmental impact for freight transport. In contrast, passenger aviation had a comparable environmental burden to passenger cars due to optimised occupancy rates. Despite the efficiency of modern internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), particularly Euro 5 and 6, employing blended biodiesel was less effective in comparison

关键词： Freight transportation

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Polyolefin-derived substrate-grown carbon nanotubes as binder-free electrode for hydrogen evolution in alkaline media

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Chemosphere 2024年 349卷 140769页

作者： Wu, XinYi Tu, Wei Han Veksha, Andrei Chen, Wenqian Lisak, Grzegorz Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University 1 Cleantech Loop Clean Tech One 637141 Singapore School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Nanyang Technological University 1 Cleantech Loop Cleantech One Singapore 637141 Singapore

Switching from a linear mode of waste management to a circular loop by transforming plastic waste into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a promising approach to current plastic waste treatment. One of the many applications of CNTs is its use for electrocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen evolution. Existing methods of CNTs-based hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrode fabrication involve additives like polymeric binders and additional steps to improve CNT dispersion, which are detrimental to the CNT structure and properties. The in-situ fabrication approach can potentially be a one-pot solution to HER electrode synthesis. In this study, polyolefins pyrolysis gas and a Co:Ni:Mg catalyst were used to fabricate binder-free CNTs-based electrodes on different substrates for HER. The study assessed CNT quality on conductive carbon paper, semiconductive silicon, and dielectric glass substrates, evaluating their HER performance in 1 M KOH. A mixture of hollow-core, bamboo-like, and cup-stacked arrangement nanotubes were synthesized on the substrates, with CNTs on glass and carbon paper substrates possessing better graphitization than CNTs grown on silicon. This is in agreement with HER performance, whereby the as-prepared electrodes required overpotentials of 267 mV, 241 mV, and 216 mV for silicon, glass, and carbon paper, respectively, to achieve 10 mA/cm2. Despite being poorly conductive, the glass substrate electrode achieved a lower overpotential than the silicon electrode. Additionally, the as-prepared silicon electrode faced a delamination issue likely attributed to the lower surface energy of the silicon substrate surface, demonstrating the weaker adhesion between the CNTs and silicon surface. The proposed approach thus showed that the in-situ fabricated electrodes performed better than separately synthesized CNTs prepared into electrodes by 27.4% and 14.2% for carbon paper and glass substrates, respectively. The improved performance of the as-prepared, binder-free e

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

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Systemic evaluation of spatio-temporal variations in travel time reliability due to a toll road over time

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Urban, Planning and Transport Research 2021年第1期9卷 36-59页

作者： Mathew, Sonu Pulugurtha, Srinivas S. Graduate of Infrastructure & Environmental Systems (INES) Program The University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte NC United States Professor of Civil & Environmental Engineering Department Director of Infrastructure Design Environment & Sustainability (IDEAS) Center The University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte NC United States

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of toll roads in reducing congestion and improving travel time reliability on streets within its vicinity, over time. The data, from the year 2013 to 2017, for the Triangle Expressway in the city of Raleigh, North Carolina was used in the systemic evaluation process. The spatial and temporal variations in the travel time distributions on the toll road, parallel route, and near-vicinity cross-streets (in a 2-mile buffer) were evaluated. The average travel time (ATT), the 95th percentile travel time (or planning time, PT), the buffer time (BT), and the buffer time index (BTI) were computed for each link by the day-of-the-week and the time-of-the-day. Though there was an improvement in travel time after the speed limit change in the year 2014, the travel time reliability got reduced on the Triangle Expressway. Over time, there was a gradual improvement in BT and BTI. The parallel route reliability decreased significantly over time, whereas the travel time reliability of cross-streets showed a consistent trend. The stabilization of travel time distributions and the reliability measures in the year 2017 indicate that further reduction in performance measures may not be expected in the next few years on the near-vicinity links. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： buffer time buffer time index road spatial temporal Toll travel time

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Health risk assessment of soil contamination with heavy metals in a child care center co-located in vicinity to small scale industrial area: Case study of Thailand

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Case Studies in Chemical and environmental engineering 2024年 9卷

作者： Simatupang, Cathleen Ariella Santhaweesuk, Kanitthika Strezov, Vladimir Pongkiatkul, Prapat Boontanon, Narin Jindal, Ranjna Boontanon, Suwanna Kitpati Graduate Program in Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand School of Natural Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Macquarie University 2109 NSW Australia Department of Environmental Engineering King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Bangkok 10800 Thailand Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand Environmental Engineering and Management Program Department of Energy Environment and Climate Change School of Environment and Resources Development Asian Institute of Technology Pathumthani 12120 Thailand Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University Yoshida Sakyo-Ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan

environmental impacts of small scale industries are still not well investigated, especially for estates where multiple small scale industries are clustered causing cumulative effects potentially impacting most vulnerable groups. This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Pb, Al, Zn, and Cr) and the metalloid (As) in surface soils near the intensely active small-scale industrial area in Thailand, assess the contamination levels in the co-located child care center, and estimate potential human health risks from exposure to the heavy metals. Surface soil heavy metal(loid) elements were evaluated across a background area, area near main roads, a small-scale industrial area, and a child care centre. The concentrations of Al were found be the highest at all investigation sites, with the most elevated concentrations observed in the small-scale industrial area. The concentration of Pb in the industrial area reached 1176 mg/kg, exceeding the national standard and acceptable limit. Moreover, the contamination level for Cu, Pb, and Zn in the industrial area imply a considerable risk with enrichment factor EF > 40, and geo-accumulation index Igeo ≥5. Heavy metal levels (Ni, Cu, Pb) in the soil near the road and the child care center were similar, suggesting shared contamination sources. Conversely, Al, Zn, As, and Cr in the child care center had slightly higher concentrations than near the road but lower than the small-scale industrial area, indicating potential industrial influence on metal levels within the child care center. The principal component analysis showed Mn and Fe distributed in the background, while As, Pb, Ni, Cu, Al, Zn, and Cr accumulated in the small-scale industrial area. The findings indicate that small-scale industrial activities contribute to elevated levels of heavy metals in the soil, particularly within the child care center, posing significant ingestion risks, especially for children (HI > 1). Implementing conta

关键词： Children Contamination sources environmental impact PCA Surface soil

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Directional Sewage Sludge Transformation Using Acidic Hydrothermal Carbonization for Enhanced Alkaline Extraction of Phosphorus

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Tiwari, Satya Brat Veksha, Andrei Chan, Wei Ping Fei, Xunchang Liu, Wen Lisak, Grzegorz Lim, Teik-Thye School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University 1 Cleantech Loop CleanTech One 637141 Singapore Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Nanyang Technological University Singapore School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University 62 Nanyang Drive 637459 Singapore

This study presents a two-stage process to recover phosphorus (P) from sewage sludge (SS) hydrochar, aimed at reducing trace element (TE) contamination. SS, mixed with Al-rich alum sludge (AS), underwent acidic HTC to convert Ca-P to Al-P. Alkaline extraction of hydrochar produced a P-rich, TE-deficient extract, as Al-P dissolves at high pH (> 12), leaving TEs insoluble. Optimal conditions for maximum P recovery were high temperature (~240°C), Al/P molar ratio (APMR) of ~4, and feedstock pH of ~3 – 4. This design process achieved 82% alkaline P recovery, 34% higher than the reference process. Overall P recovery ranged from 59 – 75% in the design process, compared to 30 – 37% in the reference process. Solid-state NMR revealed the Al-P association in hydrochar through surface complexation. TEs were mainly concentrated in the hydrochar, not the alkaline extract. This method offers a potentially cost-effective, and energy-efficient solution for P recovery. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heavy metals

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Optimal Tank Sizing, Reliability, and Financial Feasibility Analysis of Domestic Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Semi-Arid Climate: A Daily Linear programming Model

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Ruso, Mustafa Akıntuğ, Bertuğ Kentel, Elcin Sustainable Environment and Energy Systems Graduate Program Middle East Technical University Northern Cyprus Campus Kalkanli Guzelyurt Mersin Turkey Civil Engineering Program Middle East Technical University Northern Cyprus Campus Kalkanli Guzelyurt Mersin Turkey Department of Civil Engineering Middle East Technical University Ankara Turkey

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) has proven to be an alternative water supply scheme for sustainable water management of regions with limited water resources. In this paper, a linear programming (LP) model with daily time steps, which minimizes the cost of the rooftop rainwater harvesting system (RWHS), is developed and used to calculate the optimum RWH tank size. The semi-arid island of Cyprus in the Eastern Mediterranean is selected as the case study area. The analysis is carried out at 33 sites with average annual rainfalls ranging between 292 mm and 548 mm to evaluate the effect of rainfall characteristic on the financial feasibility, reliability, resilience, vulnerability, and water savings of the RWHS. The optimum tank size obtained using the LP model for one of the sites is validated using the widely-used water balance simulation model. At 29 of the sites, RWHS investments are found to be financially feasible with a discounted payback period range between 12 and 28 years. The optimum RWH tank sizes determined to be between 2 m 3 and 6 m 3 result in up to 20% reliability with more than 50 m 3 of average annual water saving per single house. It is observed that in addition to rainfall characteristic, the water cost is another critical factor that affects the financial feasibility and water savings of a RWHS especially at regions with low rainfall. The developed LP model is also run using monthly time steps and it is demonstrated that financial feasibility and optimum tank sizes can only be assessed realistically when daily time steps are used. Finally, sensitivity analysis is carried out for the collector area and the average daily water consumption per capita. It is found that the discounted payback period of the RWHS is highly sensitive to the collector area. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rain

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The Influence of Ground Control Points Configuration and Camera Calibration for Dtm and Orthomosaic Generation Using Imagery Obtained from A Low-Cost Uav 24

The Influence of Ground Control Points Configuration and Cam...

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2020 24th ISPRS Congress on Technical Commission I

作者： Garcia, M.V.Y. Oliveira, H.C. University of Campinas Graduate Program in Civil Engineering Campinas13083-889 Brazil University of Campinas Dept. of Infrastructure and Environment Campinas13083-889 Brazil

Technological improvement of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and computer vision algorithms, such as Structured-from-Motion (SfM) and Multi-view Stereo (MVS) have provided the possibility for high-resolution mapping and high-density point cloud generation using low-cost equipment and sensors. Orthomosaics and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) are the main digital products considering mapping purposes. Their quality is directly related to the sensors boarded on the UAV and data processing. Ground Control Points (GCPs) are used in the process of indirect georeferencing and also to model the lens distortions. The number of GCPs used in this process affects the positional accuracy of the final products. This study aims to determine the optimum number of GCPs to achieve high accuracy orthomosaics and DTM. To obtain this optimum number, an area of 3.85ha was mapped with a low-cost UAV DJI Phantom 4 Advanced at 31m flying height, lateral and longitudinal overlap of 90% and 80%, respectively, and using 22 checkpoints for quality assessment. For the experiments, different configuration were used both for the number of GCPs and for the use of self-calibration process or pre-calibrated camera IOP (Interior Orientation Parameters). The results show that for the flight configuration used in this work and for the mentioned UAV, a total of 5 GCPs, with pre-calibrated camera IOP, yields an accuracy of 0.023m for X, 0.031m for Y and 0.033m for Z. © 2020 Copernicus GmbH. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mapping

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Harnessing High-Level Hydrogen Sulfide Stress for Enhanced Biogas Utilization: Adaptive Resilience of a Mixed-Culture System

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhou, Yan Zhang, Baorui Liu, Jianbo Cai, Chen Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Nanyang Technological University 61 Nanyang Drive 637335 Singapore Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University 1 Cleantech Loop Singapore637141 Singapore CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Department of Environmental Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore639798 Singapore

Biogas, a heterogeneous mixture predominantly composed of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), serves as a substrate for diverse microorganisms, including methanotrophs and microalgae, facilitating carbon sequestration, mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, and generating biomass for multifarious applications. However, the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a common contaminant in biogas, can exert toxic effects on these microorganisms, potentially inhibiting their growth and metabolic processes. This study investigated the effects of H2S on a mixed-culture system utilizing a long-term continuous flow photobioreactor. The results demonstrated that the mixed-culture system could tolerate H2S concentration up to 1000 ppm without significant performance deterioration. Notably, when the mixed-culture system was exposed to a higher H2S concentration (5000 ppm) for an extended period of one month, the CH4 and CO2 utilization rates increased threefold. Furthermore, the primary byproduct, protein, constituted over 50% of the cell dry weight. Comprehensive analysis of the microbial community composition and metabolic pathways revealed adaptive shifts in response to H2S stress. In-depth analysis of functional genes indicated that the system possessed the capacity to adapt and maintain its functionality even under severe H2S stress. This study provides valuable insights into microbial and metabolic mechanisms underlying H2S resistance in a mixed culture, providing an opportunity for the establishment of an H2S-resistant biosystem for practical biogas transformation. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrogen sulfide

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