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World environmental and Water Resources Congress 2022: Adaptive Planning and Design in an Age of Risk and Uncertainty

作者： Zambon, Renato C. Marins, José C. Yeh, William W.-G. Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Univ. of São Paulo Brazil Graduate Program In Energy Institute of Energy and Environment Univ. of São Paulo Brazil Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Univ. of California Los Angeles United States

ISBN: (数字)9780784484258

ISBN: (纸本)9780784484258

The Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP) water supply system in Brazil is one of the largest in the world. It supplies water to 21.5 million inhabitants and is upstream of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas. The region has 3.1 million inhabitants in the Piracicaba, Capivari, and Jundiaí River basins (PCJ). The water supply system consists of seven main reservoir subsystems and is currently recovering from the worst drought in history. Cantareira subsystem is the largest in both water supply and storage capacity. It transfers water from the PCJ to the MRSP. There are two newly built water transfer systems: one from the Jaguari Reservoir, directly linked to the Cantareira subsystem, and another from the São Lourenço Reservoir, which is connected to a new water treatment plant. Both water transfer systems operate at very high energy costs. Additionally, there exist conflicts among all water users. The primary role of the two new water transfer systems was to increase water security. Since 2017, the newly imposed minimum required flows at PCJ increased the releases from Cantareira subsystem by 5 m3/s. But this increase necessitates both São Lourenço and Jaguari to operate at almost full capacity as well as at much higher energy cost, while the less expensive Cantareira subsystem stands operating with idle capacity to sustain higher required downstream releases. Currently, Brazil is facing a new record-breaking drought, now in the southeast region, with simultaneous water and energy crisis. In this paper we use SISAGUA, a previously developed nonlinear optimization model, to evaluate the impacts of the modified constraints on the management of the MRSP water supply system, considering energy consumption, operational costs, and water security. © ASCE.

关键词： Water supply

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engineering field experience? An international and cultural perspective for civil engineering students

Engineering field experience? An international and cultural ...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Wei, Lin Peloubet, Frank Huizhen, Wang Yajun, Zhang North Dakota State University United States Department of Environmental Engineering North Dakota State University United States Interdisciplinary Environmental and Conservation Sciences Graduate Program NDSU United States Department of Civil Engineering United States ASCE APWA NACE Tau Beta Pi and Phi Kappa Phi Societies Beijing Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture China Department of Sanitary Engineering Beijing Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture China

Field experiences have been included as class activities in many engineering curricula. Students gain an understanding and appreciation from "real world" applications of topics and theories learned in the classroom. In the past, most of these field experiences have been limited to specific courses and conducted for just a few hours within easy travel distance from a university. The Department of civil engineering at North Dakota State University developed a field experience course that takes students to China to gain first hand knowledge on civil engineering design and construction practice, to learn the history of civil engineering and cultural influences on engineering practice, and to have an education/cultural exchange with Chinese students. In collaboration with the Beijing Institute of civil engineering and Architecture (BICEA), twelve senior level students and two faculty members visited China in spring 2005. The class visited Beijing, the Three Gorges area of Yangtze River, and Shanghai to observe and inspect specific sites and projects, including the Three Gorges Dam and 2008 Beijing Olympic Games main stadium construction sites, as they relate to the civil engineering and construction education. In Beijing, the class stayed on the campus of BICEA. In addition to campus visit, a mini-conference was organized for American and Chinese students to present their curricula and extra-curricula activities, their campus life, and to have small group discussion. In addition, students were exposed to the cultural and historical implications of engineering education, project planning and design, as well as construction decisions and methods. A course evaluation of the course showed that students have gained better understanding of global perspectives of civil engineering and culture influence on engineering designs, learned what they could never learn in regular classes through site visits and meeting with Chinese students, and enjoyed opportunity for providing input

关键词： engineering education

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Marginal Cost of Energy Volatility in the Brazilian Interconnected Power System

Marginal Cost of Energy Volatility in the Brazilian Intercon...

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World environmental and Water Resources Congress 2023: Adaptive Planning and Design in an Age of Risk and Uncertainty

作者： Rodrigues, Daniel Lyra Borges, Camila Brandão Nogueira Zambon, Renato Carlos Yeh, William W.-G. Graduate Program in Energy Institute of Energy and Environment Univ. of São Paulo Brazil Dept. of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Univ. of São Paulo Brazil Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Univ. of California Los Angeles United States

ISBN: (数字)9780784484852

ISBN: (纸本)9780784484852

From 2018 to 2022, on average, 70% of the Brazilian effective electric generation was produced by hydropower, 10% by wind power, and 20% by thermal power plants. Over the last five years, Brazil suffered from a series of severe droughts. As a result, hydropower generation was reduced, but demand growth was also declined as results of the COVID-19 pandemic and economic recession. From 2012 to 2022, the Brazilian reservoir system operated with, on average, only 40% of the active storage, but storage recovered to normal levels in the first three months of 2022. Despite large capacity of storage reservoirs, high volatility of the marginal cost of energy was observed in recent years. In this paper, we used two optimization models, NEWAVE and HIDROTERM for our study. These two models were previously developed for mid-range planning of the operation of the Brazilian interconnected power system. We used these two models to optimize the operation and compared the results with observed operational records for the period of 2018-2022. NEWAVE is a stochastic dual dynamic programming model which aggregates the system into four subsystems and 12 equivalent reservoirs. HIDROTERM is a nonlinear programming model that considers each of the 167 individual hydropower plants of the system. The main purposes of the comparison are to assess cooperation opportunities with the use of both models and better understand the impacts of increasing uncertainties, seasonality of inflows and winds, demand forecasts, decisions about storage in reservoirs, and thermal production on energy prices. © World environmental and Water Resources Congress *** rights reserved

关键词： Hydroelectric power plants

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FIELD SAMPLING OF RESIDUAL AVIATION GASOLINE IN SANDY SOIL

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GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1991年第2期11卷 107-120页

作者： OSTENDORF, DW LEACH, LE HINLEIN, ES XIE, YF 1 David W. Ostendorf is an associate professor in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Massachusetts (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003). His research interests include unconfined aquifer contamination hazardous waste site remediation and analytical modeling of problems in environmental fluid mechanics. Dr. Ostendorf is a registered professional engineer in Massachusetts and a member of the American Geophysical Union American Society of Civil Engineers Soil Science Society of America Water Pollution Control Federation and Association of Environmental Engineering Professors as well as the National Water Well Association.2 Lowell E. Leach is an environmental engineer with the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (RS Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory U.S. EPA P.O. Box 1198 Ada OK74820). Leach received his B.S. ingeological engineering at the University of Oklahoma in 1959 and has been a registered professional engineer in Oklahoma since 1966. With 29 years of experience in field applications of geological engineering he is responsible for developing methodology for sampling ground water and subsurface materials for the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory.3 Erich S. Hinlein is a research assistant in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Massachusetts (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003). His research interests include ground water pollution hazardous waste site investigation and transport processes in unconfined aquifers. Hinlein graduated with a B.S. in electrical and computer engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst in May 1985 and entered the Environmental Engineering Master's Degree Program in January 1989.4 Yuefeng Xie is a postdoctoral research associate in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil E

Two complementary field sampling methods for the determination of residual aviation gasoline content in the contaminated capillary fringe of a fine, uniform, sandy soil were investigated. The first method featured field extrusion of core barrels into pint-size Mason jars, while the second consisted of laboratory partitioning of intact stainless steel core sleeves. The barrel extrusion procedure involved jar headspace sampling in a nitrogen-filled glove box, which delineated the 0.7m thick residually contaminated interval for subsequent core sleeve withdrawal from adjacent boreholes. Soil samples removed from the Mason jars (in the field) and sleeve segments (in the laboratory) were subjected to methylene chloride extraction and gas chromatographic analysis to compare their aviation gasoline content. The barrel extrusion sampling method yielded a vertical profile with 0.10m resolution over an essentially continuous 5.0m interval from the ground surface to the water table. The sleeve segment alternative yielded a more resolved 0.03m vertical profile over a shorter 0.8m interval through the capillary fringe. The two methods delivered precise estimates of the vertically integrated mass of aviation gasoline at a given horizontal location, and a consistent view of the vertical profile as well. In the latter regard, a 0.2m thick lens of maximum contamination was found in the center of the capillary fringe, where moisture filled all voids smaller than the mean pore size. The maximum peak was resolved by the core sleeve data, but was partially obscured by the barrel extrusion observations, so that replicate barrels or a half-pint Mason jar size should be considered for data supporting vertical transport analyses in the absence of sleeve partitions.

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Free vibration of orthotropic Levy-type solution plates by using SEM 7

Free vibration of orthotropic Levy-type solution plates by u...

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7th International Conference on Euro Asia civil engineering Forum, EACEF 2019

作者： Kiryu, S. Alisjahbana, S.W. Alisjahbana, I. Han, A.L. Gan, B.S. Department of Architecture Graduate School of Engineering Nihon University Koriyama Japan Faculty of Engineering and Informatics Bakrie University Jakarta Indonesia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Master Program Student Stanford University CA United States Civil Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Department of Architecture College of Engineering Nihon University Koriyama Japan

Orthotropic Levy-type solution plates considering shear deformation were solved by using the Spectral Element Method (SEM). In SEM, the exact solution of structural dynamic related problems can be solved by using the frequency-dependent shape functions. The solutions of SEM are accurate in decreasing the amount of Degree Of Freedoms (DOF) to discard the cost and computational disadvantages in the Finite Element Method (FEM). This study investigates the free vibration problems of orthotropic Levy-type solution plates solutions based on the two variable Refined Plate Theory (RPT). SEM for orthotropic Levy-type solution plates in the frequency domain was formulated to solve free vibration problems. The differential governing equations of the orthotropic plate element in SEM are formulated into the form of transcendental stiffness matrices. The boundary conditions of the spectral element model consist of four edge-type DOFs at each side of the orthotropic Levy-type solution plates. The natural frequencies of the plate are calculated by means of the Wittrick-Williams procedure. The numerical investigations are presented to show the accuracy, efficiency, and effectiveness of SEM without any discretization scheme. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Stiffness matrix

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Effect of treatment of sisal fiber on morphology, mechanical properties and fiber-cement bond strength

Effect of treatment of sisal fiber on morphology, mechanical...

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作者： Santos, Rogério De Jesus Lima, Paulo Roberto Lopes Post-graduate Program of Civil and Environmental Engineering Department of Technology State University of Feira de Santana Av. Transnordestina S/N-Novo Horizonte Feira de Santana Bahia44036-900 Brazil

The dimensional instability of vegetable fibers due to hygroscopicity results in a gradual loss of adherence in cement based composites which, when in service, are submitted to a natural variation of humidity. Such an effect reduces the contribution of the fiber as a reinforcement and can cause the early rupture of the material. In this work, a treatment of the sisal fibers is performed with the applying of wetting-drying cycles in order to alter their crystalline structure and improve the dimensional stability of the fiber to withstand the variation of humidity: 6, 10, 20, 30 and 34 cycles were applied in order to evaluate the effect on the properties of fiber;a tensile test, the morphological characterization (MEV) and the evaluation of the chemical structure of fiber were carried out. The effect of the treatment on fiber-matrix behavior was evaluated using the pull-out test. Embedded lengths of 16, 20, 30, 40 and 44 mm were defined through a factorial design and used in the test. It is verified that the use of 10 wetting-drying cycles causes less damage to the tensile strength and the elastic modulus of the fiber and contributes to a better adherence with the matrix, with an increase of up to 23 % compared with the untreated fiber. The statistical analysis of the interaction effect between the studied factors, using 2K factorial design with central composite design, indicates that the number of cycles can be decreased when using a longer length of the embedded fiber. © (2015) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Tensile strength

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Interdisciplinary graduate education in water and environmental resources in 2050

Interdisciplinary graduate education in water and environmen...

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World environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010: Challenges of Change

作者： Saito, Laurel Fiedler, Fritz Cosens, Barbara Kauneckis, Derek Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science Graduate Program of Hydrologic Sciences University of Nevada Reno NV United States Department of Civil Engineering Waters of the West Graduate Program University of Idaho United States College of Law Waters of the West Program University of Idaho United States Department of Political Science University of Nevada Reno NV United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780784411148

The science and management of environmental- and water-related issues requires an interdisciplinary approach, as recognized by funding agencies, consulting firms, and public organizations. In their role of preparing students for productive professional careers, academic institutions should be able to train students in interdisciplinary approaches, but complications exist in current academic environments that make interdisciplinary education especially challenging. We provide a vision of interdisciplinary graduate education in water and environmental resources in 2050 after presenting a brief assessment of current issues in interdisciplinary education. © 2010 ASCE.

关键词： Water resources

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Distributed System Behavior Modeling with Ontologies, Rules, and Message Passing Mechanisms 1

Distributed System Behavior Modeling with Ontologies, Rules,...

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Conference on Systems engineering Research

作者： Austin, Mark Delgoshaei, Parastoo Alan Nguyen Associate Professor Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Graduate Student Ph.D. Program in Civil Systems Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA. Systems Engineer Constellation Energy Washington DC

Modern societal-scale infrastructures (e.g., buildings, roads, railways, and power supplies) that are defined by spatially distributed network structures, concurrent subsystem-level behaviours, distributed control and decision making, and interdependencies among subsystems that are not always well understood. During both Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy, it quickly became evident a disturbance in one system can impact other networks in ways that are both unexpected and undesirable. Such outcomes put engineering designers and urban planners (decision makers) in a tough spot where quantitative decision-making regarding the adequacy of system infrastructure is complicated by the presence of newfound system interactions. This paper takes a first step toward providing designers and planners with computational support for simulation of distributed system behaviours with system-level interactions. We describe an experimental software prototype for distributed event-based system behaviour modelling with ontologies, rules checking and message passing mechanisms. Key features of the software architecture are demonstrated through the development of two scenarios: (1) A family interacting with a school system, and (2) Simulation of adjustments to the Washington DC Metro System schedule in response to a severe storm. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Distributed System Modeling Ontologies Rule Checking Jena API

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Microscopic Investigation on Interfacial Transition Zone in Fly Ash Cement Hydrates Using Roof-Tile Waste Aggregate 2nd

Microscopic Investigation on Interfacial Transition Zone in ...

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2nd International Conference on Sustainable civil engineering and Architecture, ICSCEA 2021

作者： Okamoto, Kazuma Huynh, Phat Tan Ogawa, Yuko Kawai, Kenji Civil and Environmental Engineering Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kaganiyama Higashihiroshima Japan Depertment of Civil and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kaganiyama Higashihiroshima Japan 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street District 10 Ho Chi Minh Viet Nam Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh Viet Nam

ISBN: (纸本)9789811933028

Previous studies reported that the strength reduction in fly ash concrete (FAC) can be improved by internal curing with roof-tile waste aggregate (RWA). However, how much the internal curing by RWA improved the compressive strength of FAC was different, and there was no clear explanation on it. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of the internal curing in the FAC by examining the range of the internal curing effect with RWA in the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) around coarse aggregate. Paste and concrete specimens in which part of cement was replaced with fly ash were prepared. For paste specimens, one aggregate particle was placed in the center of the specimen. Vickers hardness around the aggregate in the paste specimen and the compressive strength of the concrete specimen were investigated. As a result, the range of Vickers hardness improvement around RWA changed depending on the replacement ratio of fly ash. This indicates that the internal curing effect differs depending on the mixture proportion of paste matrix such as the replacement ratio of fly ash. Furthermore, it was observed that the compressive strength of concrete increased as the thickness of ITZ around RWA decreased. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Compressive strength

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Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Spatio-Temporal Distribution of PM2.5 in Thailand 1

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8th Asia Conference on Environment and Sustainable Development, ACESD 2023

作者： Simatupang, Cathleen Ariella Piyaviriyakul, Pitchaya Pongkiatkul, Prapat Strezov, Vladimir Boontanon, Narin Jindal, Ranjna Boontanon, Suwanna Kitpati Graduate Program in Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom73170 Thailand School of Natural Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Macquarie University SydneyNSW2109 Australia Department of Environmental Engineering King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi 10800 Bangkok Thailand Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies Mahidol University Nakhon Pathom73170 Thailand Environmental Engineering and Management Program Department of Energy Environment and Climate Change School of Environment and Resources Development Asian Institute of Technology 12120 Pathumthani Thailand Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University 606-8501 Yoshida Sakyo-Ku Kyoto Japan

ISBN: (数字)9789819733200

ISBN: (纸本)9789819733194

During COVID-19 pandemic several countries have implemented quarantines in response to the virus’ spread, which was considered an emergency. Thailand was under a state of emergency from January to December 2020, which has had an impact on the state of environment. Based on real-time data from the Pollution Control Department, the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on PM2.5 pollution in Thailand was examined. Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation was used to generate a more accurate visual representation of the PM2.5 pollution through a spatial distribution of atmospheric pollutants across the provinces of Thailand. PM2.5 levels in all considered areas reduced considerably between 2017 and 2020, with the most significant decrease occurring during the lockdown period of April-July in 2020. As the pre-COVID-19 period occurred during late winter in Thailand, the monthly average PM2.5 concentrations in all selected provinces were gradually increased from December 2019 to March 2020. During the lockdown period, the concentration of PM2.5 was reduced in Pathum Thani (48.9%), Samut Sakhon (35.6%) Samut Prakarn (33.6%), and Bangkok (31.7%) The spatial–temporal distribution of the PM2.5 levels in Samut Sakhon and Samut Prakarn provinces were analyzed for October 2020, during the new normal period. The results showed a significant decrease in concentration of up to 31% compared to previous years where industrial operations were situated. This study showed that the government enforced lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic was beneficial in understanding the impact of reduced human activities on anthropogenic air pollutants’ concentrations. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： COVID-19

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