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FIELD TRAPPING OF SUBSURFACE VAPOR-PHASE PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS

GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1994年第1期14卷 110-119页

作者： MOYER, EE OSTENDORF, DW KAMPBELL, DH XIE, YF Ellen E. Moyer (ENSR Consulting and Engineering 35 Nagog Park Acton MA 01720) is a senior environmental engineer at ENSR Consulting and Engineering in Acton Massachusetts. Her research interests include bioremediation air sparging soil venting and analytical modeling of subsurface contamination. Moyer is a registered Professional Engineer with an M.S. in environmental engineering and a Ph.D. in civil engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and a member of the National Ground Water Association and the American Society of Civil Engineers. David W. Ostendorf (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is an associate professor in the environmental engineering program of the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. His research interests include unconfined aquifer contamination hazardous waste site remediation and analytical modeling of problems in environmental fluid mechanics. Ostendorf is a registered Professional Engineer and a member of the American Geophysical Union American Society of Civil Engineers Soil Science Society of America Water Pollution Control Federation and Association of Environmental Engineering Professors as well as the National Ground Water Association. Don H. Kampbell (Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory Ada OK 74820) is a research chemist at the U.S. EPA Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory in Ada Oklahoma. His research interests include gas chromatog- raphy GC/mass spectrometry industrial waste processes soil bioreactor systems aquifer biorestoration and soil gas measurements. Kampbell is a certified Professional Soil Scientist and a registered Professional Engineer as well as a member of the Soil Science Society of America and the American Chemical Society. Yuefeng Xie (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is a postdoctoral research associate in the environmental engineering program of the Civil Engineering Depart

Soil gas samples from intact soil cores were collected on adsorbents at a field site, then thermally desorbed and analyzed by laboratory gas chromatography (GC). Vertical concentration profiles of predominant vapor phase petroleum hydrocarbons under ambient conditions were obtained for the zone directly above the capillary fringe. Water and residual phase weathered aviation gasoline were present in this region of the profile. The sampling, trapping, and GC methodology was effective in most respects. Reproducibility, trapping, and desorption efficiency were generally satisfactory, and different sorbent tubes gave similar results. A minor shortcoming of the method occurred with the most volatile compound, 2,3-dimethylbutane, which was poorly retained during several weeks of storage time and was also poorly desorbed. Vapor phase concentrations of predominant hydrocarbon compounds all increased with depth at one sampling location. At a more highly contaminated location, concentrations of highly volatile compounds increased with depth while concentrations of less volatile compounds remained constant or decreased, possibly indicating distillation effects. Scatter in the data was attributed to heterogeneities in water and residual phase distribution.

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Wind-driven rain incidence parameters obtained by hygrothermal simulation

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Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation 2016年第1期1卷 1-7页

作者： Nascimento, M.L.M. Bauer, E. de Souza, J.S. Zanoni, V.A.G. Post-Graduate Program in Structures and Civil Construction Civil and Environmental Engineering Department University of Brasília Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Asa Norte Brasília 70910-900 DF Brazil Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism University of Brasília Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Asa Norte Brasília 70910-900 DF Brazil

The association of rain and wind composes wind-driven rain (WDR), and its incidence may be crucial to the emergence of anomalies on the facades of buildings. Moisture from the WDR can influence the humidification and drying process, therefore the durability and hygrothermal performance are conditioned by the amount of incident water. The quantification of WDR can be an indispensable tool for understanding its related phenomena and the service life of buildings. The most widely used methods of quantification are the semi-empirical, with theoretical basis, but coefficients partially determined from measurements. These methods may take into account the building exposure conditions related to the envelope, solar orientation, height of the building, and other parameters. In this context, in order to contribute to the studies on quantification of WDR, the purpose of this paper is to apply hygrothermal simulation software WUFI^® on quantification of WDR focusing on buildings degradation of Brasília-Brazil. For the simulation it was used a Typical Meteorological Year file with the wind and precipitation measurement data indispensable for simulation. The quantification of incidence of WDR considered the orientations North, Northeast, East, Southeast, South, Southwest, West, and Northwest. The use of semi-empirical WUFI^® quantification method allowed finding the highest values and consequently critical orientations North, Northwest, and Northeast, moreover, this results showed the relation with the degradation of facades in these orientations. WUFI proved to be an easy, fast and efficient method of WDR quantification, without hiding seasonal weather effects. © 2016, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.

关键词： Degradation Facade Hygrothermal simulation Wind-driven rain

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Study of damage distribution and intensity in regions of the facade

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Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation 2016年第1期1卷 1-9页

作者： de Souza, Jessica S. Bauer, Elton Nascimento, Matheus L. M. Capuzzo, Valdirene M. S. Zanoni, Vanda A. G. Post-Graduate Program in Structures and Civil Construction Civil and Environmental Engineering Department University of Brasília Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Asa Norte Brasília 70910-900 DF Brazil Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism University of Brasília Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Asa Norte Brasília 70910-900 DF Brazil

The ceramic coating systems applied to building facades have relevant aesthetic value and protection functions. The architectural and environmental conditions can greatly influence the degradation process of the facades, which may pose risks and compromise the durability and service life of the building and its components. The degradation process of facades changes according to the region where it takes place. To this end, the present study aims to determine damage intensity and distribution in the different regions of the facade. This study investigated the facades of three buildings that are part of the Materials Testing Laboratory (LEM) database of the Universidade de Brasilia. The degradation was quantified using a methodology proposed by Silva (2014) to generate a degradation index expressed in m². After the quantification of damages, few indexes associated with the percentage of degraded area, applied to the facade regions, are presented. These weighted indexes allowed to standardize the values observed in each region. Obtaining these indices is fundamental to the study of degradation. The results show that for a comparative analysis between the regions, the observed values should be corrected for the proportionality of the area of each region in relation to the total area of the facade. It was also noted that the continuous walls are the most affected regions, but they do not always present the highest damage intensity. © 2016, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.

关键词： Damage distribution Degradation Degradation index Facades Pathology

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Mechanical Properties of Fine-Grained Concrete Using Fine-Red Sand and Fly Ash for Road Construction: A Case Study in Vietnam 5th

Mechanical Properties of Fine-Grained Concrete Using Fine-Re...

引用

5th International Conference on Rehabilitation and Maintenance in civil engineering, ICRMCE 2021

作者： Sang, Nguyen Thanh Quan, Thai Minh Nguyen, May Huu Ho, Lanh Si University of Transport and Communications Hanoi Viet Nam University of Transport Technology 54 Trieu Khuc Thanh Xuan Hanoi100000 Viet Nam Civil and Environmental Engineering Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering 1-4-1 Kagamiyama Hiroshima Higashi-Hiroshima739-527 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9789811693472

Nowadays, in order to decrease environmental impacts such as exhaustion of natural resources and CO2 discharge, the partial replacement of cement by fly ash and coarse aggregate by crushed fine aggregate in concrete have been attracted many researchers. This study concentrated on an experimental examination of the mechanical properties of fine-grained concrete using fine-red sand placement for crushed sand. Experimental tests were performed to investigate compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength. The results reveal that the compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength increased with curing time for all mixtures. The increase in the amount of fine-red sand replacement caused a decrease in all mixtures. It was also found that there is a strong correlation between compressive and splitting tensile strength with a high coefficient of determination. Besides, the results of compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength satisfied the requirement of concrete used for pavement. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Compressive strength

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The Dependence in Microcystin Removal with Powdered Activated Carbon on Variant Properties, Carbon Properties, and Dissolved Organic Matter

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Huang, Yuzhou Lenhart, John J. Environmental Science Graduate Program The Ohio State University United States Department of Civil Environmental and Geodetic Engineering The Ohio State University United States

Microcystins (MCs) are a class of harmful cyanotoxins produced during harmful algal blooms (HABs), and their presence demands mitigation strategies. Powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption is an effective treatment method for MC removal, but its efficacy is influenced by several factors. For example, MC removal varies depending upon the properties of the PAC and MC variant. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is also known to impact MC removal by PAC. To enhance the removal of MC by PAC, it is not only necessary to investigate the individual impact of these factors but also to consider them in an integrated manner as the importance of each of these factors compared to one another is not clear. Thus, in this study we evaluated the relative importance of PAC properties, MC variant properties, and the presence of DOM on MC removal. Kinetic adsorption experiments were conducted over a period of 72 hours with four MC variants (MC-LR, MC-LA, MC-RR and desmethylated MC-RR) and three PAC types (wood-based, coal-blend and coal-based) that had different properties. The role of DOM was investigated using two different DOM sources (microbial DOM and terrestrial DOM). The results demonstrated wood-based PAC, which had the highest surface area and mesopore volume of the PAC tested, had the highest adsorption rate and capacity for all four MC variants. Of the variants studied, neutrally charged MC-RR was adsorbed more rapidly and to a greater extent on all of the PAC types than were the other variants. As expected, DOM inhibited microcystin adsorption to PAC. The degree of inhibition, however, did not significantly vary for the two DOM types evaluated and the magnitude of inhibition decreased as the DOM concentration increased. Overall, the PAC properties were a more important factor in MC removal than were the MC properties or DOM conditions. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adsorption

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An Experimental Study of Self-Compacting Concrete Made with Filler from Construction and Demolition Waste

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Open Journal of civil engineering 2020年第4期10卷 364-384页

作者： Mônica Batista Leite Marcela Crusoé Figueiredo Civil and Environmental Engineering Graduate Program Department of Technology State University of Feira de Santana Feira de Santana Brazil UNIFACS Feira de Santana Brazil

This study evaluated the influence of the Portland cement replacement by 0, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) filler contents in the production of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The SCC mixtures were evaluated on fresh state by slump flow, J-ring, resistance of segregation, specific gravity, and on hardened state by compressive and splitting tensile strength, specific gravity, air voids and absorption rate. The results indicated that all SCC produced with CDW filler met the limits established at any level of substitution without changes of the w/c ratio or superplasticizer content. It was possible to verify that the presence of CDW filler, in substitution of cement, by volume, improves the resistance to segregation and up to 5% of CDW filler decreases the loss of fluidity with time as compared to reference. It was found that all SCC mixtures, at 28 days, had the average compressive strength above 50 MPa, without showing significant loss with up to 20% of CDW filler. For splitting tensile strength, SCC recycled mixtures reached up to 92.5% of the SCC used as referenc

关键词： Self-Compacting Concrete Construction and Demolition Waste Filler Mineral Admixtures Slump Flow

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Relationship between drought and soil erosion based on the normalized differential water index(NDWI)and revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE)model

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Regional Sustainability 2024年第4期5卷 133-144页

作者： Muhammad RENDANA Wan Mohd Razi IDRIS Febrinasti ALIA Supli Effendi RAHIM Muhammad YAMIN Muhammad IZZUDIN Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas SriwijayaIndralaya30662Indonesia Master Program of Environmental Management Graduate SchoolUniversitas SriwijayaPalembang30139Indonesia Department of Earth Sciences and Environment Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi43600Malaysia Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas SriwijayaIndralaya30662Indonesia Master Program of Agricultural Sciences Graduate Study ProgramUniversitas Muhammadiyah PalembangPalembang30263Indonesia Department of Agribusiness Faculty of AgricultureUniversitas SriwijayaIndralaya30662Indonesia Department of Sociology Faculty of Social and Political SciencesUniversitas SriwijayaIndralaya30662Indonesia

The Langat River Basin in Malaysia is vulnerable to soil erosion risks because of its exposure to intensive land use activities and its topography,which primarily consists of steep slopes and mountainous ***,climate change frequently exposes this basin to drought,which negatively affects soil and water ***,recent studies have rarely shown how soil reacts to drought,such as soil ***,the purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between drought and soil erosion in the Langat River *** analyzed drought indices using Landsat 8 satellite images in November 2021,and created the normalized differential water index(NDWI)via Landsat 8 data to produce a drought *** used the revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE)model to predict soil *** verified an association between the NDWI and soil erosion data using a correlation *** results revealed that the southern and northern regions of the study area experienced drought *** predicted an average annual soil erosion of approximately 58.11 t/(hm^(2)·a).Analysis of the association between the NDWI and soil erosion revealed a strong positive correlation,with a Pearson correlation coefficient of *** assumed that the slope length and steepness factor was the primary contributor to soil erosion in the study *** a result,these findings can help authorities plan effective measures to reduce the impacts of drought and soil erosion in the future.

关键词： Drought Soil erosion Normalized differential water index(NDWI) Revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE) Langat River Basin

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Realistic river image synthesis using deep generative adversarial networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Gautam, Akshat Sit, Muhammed Demir, Ibrahim School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Columbia University Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Informatics University of Iowa Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Iowa

In this paper, we demonstrated a practical application of realistic river image generation using deep learning. Specifically, we explored a generative adversarial network (GAN) model capable of generating high-resolution and realistic river images that can be used to support modeling and analysis in surface water estimation, river meandering, wetland loss, and other hydrological research studies. First, we have created an extensive repository of overhead river images to be used in training. Second, we incorporated the Progressive Growing GAN (PGGAN), a network architecture that iteratively trains smaller-resolution GANs to gradually build up to a very high resolution to generate high quality (i.e., 1024x1024) synthetic river imagery. With simpler GAN architectures, difficulties arose in terms of exponential increase of training time and vanishing/exploding gradient issues, which the PGGAN implementation seemed to significantly reduce. The results presented in this study show great promise in generating high-quality images and capturing the details of river structure and flow to support hydrological research, which often requires extensive imagery for model performance. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rivers

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Fuzzy inference about wind resources in urban environment 3

Fuzzy inference about wind resources in urban environment

引用

3rd International Workshop on Simulation for Energy, Sustainable Development and Environment, SESDE 2015

作者： Moreira, Marcos Antonio Cruz Rosenhaim, Roberto Santos, Robson Da Cunha Cunha, Gerson Gomes De Araújo Holanda, Thaiane Fagundes Fluminense Federal Institute Automation and Control Engineering Environmental Engineering Program Macaé Brazil Fluminense Federal Institute Automation and Control Engineering Macaécio Brazil Control Engineering Department Federal Institute and Estacio de Sá University Cabo Frio Brazil Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute Graduate Engineering and Research Civil Engineering Program/COPPE/UFRJ Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Fluminense Federal University Macaécio Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9788897999522

The advancement of renewable energy technology gave rise to the implementation of small wind towers in urban areas. A major problem in predicting the use of such facilities is the difficulty of measuring in micro-regions that suffer different influences of the surrounding environment. Thus a wind tower may be installed where it does not work properly. Fuzzy inference systems try to approach the thinking process of human language allowing for a more assertive decision process. For the development of a fuzzy inference system dealing with this issue it was necessary to determine the variables that most impact on the variation of the wind distribution in micro urban environment as well as using data from automatic weather stations which allow to estimate the wind regime for a macro region. These data are fed in a fuzzy inference system that outputs an adequacy rank for sitting a small wind tower.

关键词： Wind power

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Facades inspection with infrared thermography: cracks evaluation

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Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation 2016年第1期1卷 1-7页

作者： Elton Bauer Elier Pavón Elias Oliveira Claudio H. F. Pereira Post-Graduate Program in Structures and Civil Construction Civil and Environmental Engineering Department University of Brasília Brasília Brazil Centro das Ciências Exatas e das Tecnologias Post-Graduate Program in Structures and Civil Construction - UnB Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia-UnB Barreiras Brazil

Infrared thermography is an evaluation technique that helps to identify anomalies and can provide information on their incidence and severity. The aim of this study is to apply quantitative thermography to study a case of severe cracks in facade analyzing the evolution of temperatures and Delta-T. The temperature evolution was studied over a day. There was sun incidence occurring during part of the day, allowing to calculate and assess the evolution of the associated temperatures. Thermograms were acquired hourly during the study period. The highest temperatures were observed at 12:00 noon, and the larger Delta-T between 10:00 and 12:00. There were differences between the Delta-T profiles among the three regions studied. The best time for analysis is when Delta-T is higher. Cracks with higher Delta-T were considered more degraded, and generalized branched cracks did not allow a comparative conclusion.

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