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computational prediction and validation of specific EmbR binding site on PknH

Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2021年第4期6卷 429-436页

作者： Insung Na Huanqin Dai Hantian Li Anvita Gupta David Kreda Powell Zhang Xiangyin Chen Lixin Zhang Gil Alterovitz Computational Health Informatics Program Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA State Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyBeijing100101 China Department of Computer Sciences Stanford UniversityStanford CA 94305USA Center for Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina Department of Biology The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA Lexington High School BostonMA 02115USA

Tuberculosis drug resistance continues to threaten global health but the underline molecular mechanisms are not ***(EMB),one of the well-known first-line drugs in tuberculosis treatment is,unfortunately,not free from drug resistance *** studies have shown that some genetic mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)EmbR,and EmbC/A/B genes cause EMB ***-PknH pair controls embC/A/B operon,which encodes EmbC/A/B genes,and EMB interacts with EmbA/B ***,the EmbR binding site on PknH was *** conducted molecular simulation on the EmbR-peptides binding structures and discovered phosphorylated PknH 273-280(N′-HEALS^(P)DPD-C′)makesβstrand with the EmbR FHA domain,asβ-MoRF(MoRF;molecular recognition feature)does at its binding *** bond number analysis also supported the peptides’β-MoRF forming activity at the EmbR FHA ***,we discovered that previously known phosphorylation residues might have their chronological order according to the phosphorylation *** discovery validated that Mtb PknH 273-280(N′-HEALSDPD-C′)has reliable EmbR binding *** approach is revolutionary in the computer-aided drug discovery field,because it is the first trial to discover the protein-protein interaction site,and find binding partner in nature from this site.

关键词： Disorder-to-order transition Protein intrinsic disorder Binding site prediction Drug resistance Molecular simulation

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A geological timescale for bacterial evolution and oxygen adaptation

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Science (New York, N.Y.) 2025年第6742期388卷 eadp1853页

作者： Davín, Adrián A Woodcroft, Ben J. Soo, Rochelle M. Morel, Benoit Murali, Ranjani Schrempf, Dominik Clark, James W. Álvarez-Carretero, Sandra Boussau, Bastien Moody, Edmund R R Szánthó, Lénárd L Richy, Etienne Pisani, Davide Hemp, James Fischer, Woodward W. Donoghue, Philip C J Spang, Anja Hugenholtz, Philip Williams, Tom A. Szöllősi, Gergely J. University of Queensland School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences Australian Centre for Ecogenomics Brisbane QLD Australia Department of Biological Physics Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary Department of Biological Sciences Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Centre for Microbiome Research School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Translational Research Institute Woolloongabba Australia Computational Molecular Evolution Group Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies Heidelberg Germany Institute for Theoretical Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA United States MTA-ELTE "Lendület" Evolutionary Genomics Research Group Budapest Hungary Bristol Palaeobiology Group School of Earth Sciences University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom Milner Centre for Evolution Department of Life Sciences University of Bath Bath United Kingdom Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive Univ Lyon CNRS VetAgro Sup Univ Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom Institute of Evolution Centre for Ecological Research Budapest Hungary Model-Based Evolutionary Genomics Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa Japan West Valley City UT United States Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Den Burg Netherlands Department of Evolutionary & Population Biology Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Microbial life has dominated Earth's history but left a sparse fossil record, greatly hindering our understanding of evolution in deep time. However, bacterial metabolism has left signatures in the geochemical record, most conspicuously the Great Oxidation Event (GOE). We combine machine learning and phylogenetic reconciliation to infer ancestral bacterial transitions to aerobic lifestyles, linking them to the GOE to calibrate the bacterial time tree. Extant bacterial phyla trace their diversity to the Archaean and Proterozoic, and bacterial families prior to the Phanerozoic. We infer that most bacterial phyla were ancestrally anaerobic and adopted aerobic lifestyles after the GOE. However, in the cyanobacterial ancestor, aerobic metabolism likely predated the GOE, which may have facilitated the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis.

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Decision fusion of circulating markers for breast cancer detection in premenopausal women

Decision fusion of circulating markers for breast cancer det...

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7th IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering, BIBE

作者： Jesneck, Jonathan L. Mukherjee, Sayan Nolte, Loren W. Lokshin, Anna E. Marks, Jeffrey R. Lo, Joseph Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Statistical Science Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program Duke Advanced Imaging Labs. Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy Department of Computer Science Duke University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Division of Hematology/Oncology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States Department of Experimental Surgery Duke University Medical Center Medical Physics Graduate Program Duke University Durham NC 27708 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1424415098

Current mammographic screeningfor breast cancer is less effective for younger women. To complement mammography for premenopausal women, we investigated the feasibility screening test using 98 blood serum proteins. Because the data set was very noisy and contained only weak features, we used a classifier designed for noisy data: decision fusion. Decision fusion outperformed both a support vector machine (SVM) and linear regression with forward stepwise feature selection on all three two-class classification tasks: normal tissue vs. cancer, normal tissue vs. benign lesions, and benign lesions vs. cancer. Decision fusion detected cancer moderately well (AUC=0.84 on normal vs. cancer), demonstrating promise as a screening tool. Decision fusion also detected benign lesions similarly well (AUC=0.83 on normal vs. benign lesions) and was the only classifier to achieve any success in separating benign from malignant lesions (AUC=0.64 on benign vs. cancer). The classification results suggest that the assayed proteins are more indicative of a secondary effect, such as immune response, rather than specific for breast cancer. In conclusion, the decision fusion classifier demonstrated some promise in detecting breast lesions and outperformed other classifiers, especially for the very noisy classification problem of distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. ©2007 IEEE.

关键词： Tissue

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Identification of evolutionarily stable functional and immunogenic sites across the SARS-CoV-2 proteome and the greater coronavirus family

Research Square

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Research Square 2020年 rs3rs-95030页

作者： Wang, Chen Konecki, Daniel M. Marciano, David C. Govindarajan, Harikumar Williams, Amanda M. Wastuwidyaningtyas, Brigitta Bourquard, Thomas Katsonis, Panagiotis Lichtarge, Olivier Baylor College of Medicine United States Department of Molecular and Human Genetics United States Quantitative and Computational Biosciences Graduate Program United States Cancer and Cell Biology Graduate Program Baylor College of Medicine HoustonTX77030 United States MAbSilico Nouzilly Centre France Computational and Integrative Biomedical Research Center Baylor College of Medicine HoustonTX77030 United States

Since the first recognized case of COVID-19, more than 100 million people have been infected worldwide. Global efforts in drug and vaccine development to fight the disease have yielded vaccines and drug candidates to cure COVID-19. However, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants threatens the continued efficacy of these treatments. In order to address this, we interrogate the evolutionary history of the entire SARS-CoV-2 proteome to identify evolutionarily conserved functional sites that can inform the search for treatments with broader coverage across the coronavirus family. Combining this information with the mutations observed in the current COVID-19 outbreak, we systematically and comprehensively define evolutionarily stable sites that may provide useful drug and vaccine targets and which are less likely to be compromised by the emergence of new virus strains. Several experimentally-validated effective drugs interact with these proposed target sites. In addition, the same evolutionary information can prioritize cross reactive antigens that are useful in directing multi-epitope vaccine strategies to illicit broadly neutralizing immune responses to the betacoronavirus family. Although the results are focused on SARS-CoV-2, these approaches stem from evolutionary principles that are agnostic to the organism or infective agent. © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Coronavirus

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The recency and geographical origins of the bat viruses ancestral to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2

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Cell 2025年

作者： Pekar, Jonathan E. Lytras, Spyros Ghafari, Mahan Magee, Andrew F. Parker, Edyth Wang, Yu Ji, Xiang Havens, Jennifer L. Katzourakis, Aris Vasylyeva, Tetyana I. Suchard, Marc A. Hughes, Alice C. Hughes, Joseph Rambaut, Andrew Robertson, David L. Dellicour, Simon Worobey, Michael Wertheim, Joel O. Lemey, Philippe Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program University of California San Diego La Jolla 92093 CA United States Department of Biomedical Informatics University of California San Diego La Jolla 92093 CA United States Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla 92093 CA United States Division of Systems Virology Department of Microbiology and Immunology The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Medical Research Council University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research Glasgow United Kingdom Department of Biology University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Human Genetics David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles 90095 CA United States Department of Immunology and Microbiology The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla 92037 CA United States Institute of Genomics and Global Health Redeemer's University Osun State Ede Nigeria Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla 92093 CA United States Department of Mathematics School of Science and Engineering Tulane University New Orleans LA United States Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention University of California Irvine Irvine 92617 CA United States Department of Biostatistics Fielding School of Public Health University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles 90095 CA United States Department of Computational Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles 90095 CA United States School of Biological Sciences University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong China Biodiversity Green Development Foundation Beijing China Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL) Université Libre de Bruxelles CP160/12 50 av. FD Roosevelt Bruxelles 1050 Belgium Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation Rega Institute

The emergence of SARS-CoV in 2002 and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 led to increased sampling of sarbecoviruses circulating in horseshoe bats. Employing phylogenetic inference while accounting for recombination of bat sarbecoviruses, we find that the closest-inferred bat virus ancestors of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 existed less than a decade prior to their emergence in humans. Phylogeographic analyses show bat sarbecoviruses traveled at rates approximating their horseshoe bat hosts and circulated in Asia for millennia. We find that the direct ancestors of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are unlikely to have reached their respective sites of emergence via dispersal in the bat reservoir alone, supporting interactions with intermediate hosts through wildlife trade playing a role in zoonotic spillover. These results can guide future sampling efforts and demonstrate that viral genomic regions extremely closely related to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were circulating in horseshoe bats, confirming their importance as the reservoir species for SARS viruses. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： molecular epidemiology phylogeography sarbecoviruses virus evolution

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Immersed boundary model of aortic heart valve dynamics with physiological driving and loading conditions

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Griffith, Boyce E. Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Program in Computational Biology Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences New York University School of Medicine 550 First Avenue New YorkNY10016 United States

The immersed boundary (IB) method is a mathematical and numerical framework for problems of fluid-structure interaction, treating the particular case in which an elastic structure is immersed in a viscous incompressible fluid. The IB approach to such problems is to describe the elasticity of the immersed structure in Lagrangian form, and to describe the momentum, viscosity, and incompressibility of the coupled fluid-structure system in Eulerian form. Interaction between Lagrangian and Eulerian variables is mediated by integral equations with Dirac delta function kernels. The IB method provides a unified formulation for fluid-structure interaction models involving both thin elastic boundaries and also thick viscoelastic bodies. In this work, we describe the application of an adaptive, staggered-grid version of the IB method to the three-dimensional simulation of the fluid dynamics of the aortic heart valve. Our model describes the thin leaflets of the aortic valve as immersed elastic boundaries, and describes the wall of the aortic root as a thick, semi-rigid elastic structure. A physiological left-ventricular pressure waveform is used to drive flow through the model valve, and dynamic pressure loading conditions are provided by a reduced (zero-dimensional) circulation model that has been fit to clinical data. We use this model and method to simulate aortic valve dynamics over multiple cardiac cycles. The model is shown to approach rapidly a periodic steady state in which physiological cardiac output is obtained at physiological pressures. These realistic flow rates are not specified in the model, however. Instead, they emerge from the fluid-structure interaction simulation. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Elasticity

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AAV-mediated silencing of Sox4 leads to long-term amelioration of liver phenotypes in mouse models of Alagille syndrome

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Gastroenterology 2025年

作者： Duncan Fox Jun Xie Jennifer L. Burwinkel Josh M. Adams Kashish Chetal Marzieh Keivandarian Yaniv Faingelernt Sanjay Subramanian Mario F. Lopez Anna L. Peters Nathan Salomonis Neda Zarrin-Khameh Guangping Gao Stacey S. Huppert Hamed Jafar-Nejad Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas Department of Genetic and Cellular Medicine UMass Chan Medical School Worcester Massachusetts Horae Gene Therapy Center UMass Chan Medical School Worcester Massachusetts Department of Microbiology UMass Chan Medical School Worcester Massachusetts Viral Vector Core UMass Chan Medical School Worcester Massachusetts Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio Program in Developmental Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas Division of Biomedical Informatics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio Department of Pathology and Immunology Baylor College of Medicine and Ben Taub Hospital Houston Texas

BACKGROUND & AIMS In patients with Alagille syndrome (ALGS), bile duct paucity often leads to severe cholestatic phenotypes for which liver transplantation remains the only definitive treatment. No FDA-approved mechanism-based strategies exist to enhance biliary development in ALGS or other diseases with bile duct paucity. We aimed to identify a therapeutic target to address this unmet need. METHODS Preclinical ALGS mouse models lacking one copy of Jag1 with or without conditional deletion of one or both copies of Sox9 were used. Sox4 levels were reduced genetically or with adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8) vectors driving a Sox4 -silencing sequence. Liver histology, biliary tree ink injection, serum chemistry, RNAscope (on mouse and human livers), mouse liver single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq), and reanalysis of published human liver bulk RNA-Seq were performed. RESULTS Conditional removal of one copy of Sox4 in mouse liver significantly improved the ALGS liver phenotypes in a Sox9 -dependent manner. An increase in Sox4/SOX4 expression in early postnatal Jag1 -heterozygous mouse livers and ALGS patient livers was observed. scRNA-Seq revealed the appearance of an intermediate hepatobiliary cluster co-expressing Sox4 and Sox9 in Jag1- heterozygous livers. AAV8-mediated Sox4 knockdown, ubiquitously or driven by the hepatocyte-specific TBG promoter, led to long-term improvement of ALGS liver phenotypes upon injection at postnatal day 1 (P1). AAV8 injection at P15—after the appearance of liver necrosis—led to the incorporation of some transduced cells into bile ducts and phenotypic improvement. CONCLUSIONS Preclinical studies provide proof of principle for postnatal AAV-mediated Sox4 knockdown in TBG + cells as a therapeutic approach for ALGS liver disease.

关键词： Gene therapy JAG1 Notch signaling cholestasis

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Derivatives (halogen, nitro and amino) of 8-hydroxyquinoline with highly potent antimicrobial and antioxidant activities

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Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports 2016年 6卷 135-141页

作者： Cherdtrakulkiat, Rungrot Boonpangrak, Somchai Sinthupoom, Nujarin Prachayasittikul, Supaluk Ruchirawat, Somsak Prachayasittikul, Virapong Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology Faculty of Medical Technology Mahidol University Bangkok 10700 Thailand Center for Innovation Development and Technology Transfer Faculty of Medical Technology Mahidol University Bangkok 10700 Thailand Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics Faculty of Medical Technology Mahidol University Bangkok 10700 Thailand Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Chulabhorn Research Institute and Program in Chemical Biology Chulabhorn Graduate Institute Bangkok 10210 Thailand Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology Commission on Higher Education (CHE) Ministry of Education Thailand

8-Hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) compounds have been reported to possess diverse bioactivities. In recent years, drug repositioning has gained considerable attention in drug discovery and development. Herein, 8HQ (1) and its derivatives (2-9) bearing various substituents (amino, nitro, cyano and halogen) were investigated for their antimicrobial against 27 microorganisms (agar dilution method) and antioxidant (DPPH method) activities. The parent 8HQ (1) exerted a highly potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria including diploid fungi and yeast with MIC values in the range of 3.44-13.78 μM. Moreover, the halogenated 8HQ, especially 7-bromo-8HQ (4) and clioquinol (6), displayed a high antigrowth activity against Gram-negative bacteria compared with the parent compound (1). Apparently, the derivatives with a relatively high safely index, e.g., nitroxoline (2), exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila (MIC=5.26 μM) and selectively inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa with the MIC value of 84.14 μM;cloxyquin (3) showed a strong activity against L. monocytogenes and P. shigelloides with MIC values of 5.57 and 11.14 μM, respectively. Most compounds displayed an antioxidant activity. Specifically, 5-amino-8HQ (8) was shown to be the most potent antioxidant (IC₅₀=8.70 μM) compared with the positive control (α-tocopherol) with IC₅₀ of 13.47 μM. The findings reveal that 8HQ derivatives are potential candidates to be further developed as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. © 2016 The Authors.

关键词： 8-Hydroxyquinoline Antimicrobial Antioxidant Clioquinol Cloxyquin Nitroxoline

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An integrative ChIP-chip and gene expression profiling to model SMAD regulatory modules

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BMC Systems biology 2009年第1期3卷 1-20页

作者： Qin, Huaxia Chan, Michael W.Y. Liyanarachchi, Sandya Balch, Curtis Potter, Dustin Souriraj, Irene J. Cheng, Alfred S.L. Agosto-Perez, Francisco J. Nikonova, Elena V. Yan, Pearlly S. Lin, Huey-Jen Nephew, Kenneth P. Saltz, Joel H. Showe, Louise C. Huang, Tim H.M. Davuluri, Ramana V. Human Cancer Genetics Program Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 United States Division of Medical Technology School of Allied Medical Professions The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 United States Department of Biomedical Informatics The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 United States Department of Medical Sciences Indiana University School of Medicine Bloomington IN 47405 United States Department of Life Science Institute of Molecular Biology National Chung Cheng University Min-Hsiung Chia-Yi 621 Taiwan Institute of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong Center for Systems and Computational Biology Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program The Wistar Institute Philadelphia PA United States

Background: The TGF-β/SMAD pathway is part of a broader signaling network in which crosstalk between pathways occurs. While the molecular mechanisms of TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway have been studied in detail, the global networks downstream of SMAD remain largely unknown. The regulatory effect of SMAD complex likely depends on transcriptional modules, in which the SMAD binding elements and partner transcription factor binding sites (SMAD modules) are present in specific context. Results: To address this question and develop a computational model for SMAD modules, we simultaneously performed chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by microarray analysis (ChIP-chip) and mRNA expression profiling to identify TGF-β/SMAD regulated and synchronously coexpressed gene sets in ovarian surface epithelium. Intersecting the ChIP-chip and gene expression data yielded 150 direct targets, of which 141 were grouped into 3 co-expressed gene sets (sustained up-regulated, transient up-regulated and down-regulated), based on their temporal changes in expression after TGF-β activation. We developed a data-mining method driven by the Random Forest algorithm to model SMAD transcriptional modules in the target sequences. The predicted SMAD modules contain SMAD binding element and up to 2 of 7 other transcription factor binding sites (E2F, P53, LEF1, ELK1, COUPTF, PAX4 and DR1). Conclusion: Together, the computational results further the understanding of the interactions between SMAD and other transcription factors at specific target promoters, and provide the basis for more targeted experimental verification of the co-regulatory modules. © 2009 Qin et al;licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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Microarray analysis of genes associated with cell surface NIS protein levels in breast cancer

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BMC Research Notes 2011年第1期4卷 1-14页

作者： Beyer, Sasha J. Zhang, Xiaoli Jimenez, Rafael E. Lee, Mei-Ling T. Richardson, Andrea L. Huang, Kun Jhiang, Sissy M. Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 United States Department of Physiology and Cell Biology Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 United States Center for Biostatistics Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 United States Department of Anatomic Pathology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55901 United States Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 United States Department of Pathology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 United States Department of Biomedical Informatics Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 United States

Background: Na+/I- symporter (NIS)-mediated iodide uptake allows radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer. NIS is also expressed in breast tumors, raising potential for radionuclide therapy of breast cancer. However, NI... 详细信息

Background: Na⁺/I^- symporter (NIS)-mediated iodide uptake allows radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer. NIS is also expressed in breast tumors, raising potential for radionuclide therapy of breast cancer. However, NIS expression in most breast cancers is low and may not be sufficient for radionuclide therapy. We aimed to identify biomarkers associated with NIS expression such that mechanisms underlying NIS modulation in human breast tumors may be elucidated. Methods. Published oligonucleotide microarray data within the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus database were analyzed to identify gene expression tightly correlated with NIS mRNA level among human breast tumors. NIS immunostaining was performed in a tissue microarray composed of 28 human breast tumors which had corresponding oligonucleotide microarray data available for each tumor such that gene expression associated with cell surface NIS protein level could be identified. Results and Discussion. NIS mRNA levels do not vary among breast tumors or when compared to normal breast tissues when detected by Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarray platforms. Cell surface NIS protein levels are much more variable than their corresponding NIS mRNA levels. Despite a limited number of breast tumors examined, our analysis identified cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase as a biomarker that is highly associated with cell surface NIS protein levels in the ER-positive breast cancer subtype. Conclusions: Further investigation on genes associated with cell surface NIS protein levels within each breast cancer molecular subtype may lead to novel targets for selectively increasing NIS expression/function in a subset of breast cancers patients. © 2011 Jhiang et al;licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

关键词： Breast Cancer Breast Tumor Oligonucleotide Microarray Breast Cancer Molecular Subtype Cars Protein

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