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arXiv 2022年

作者： Liu, Ruodan Ogura, Masaki Reis, Elohim Fonseca Dos Masuda, Naoki Department of Mathematics State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY14260-2900 United States Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Osaka University Osaka Suita565-0871 Japan Computational and Data-Enabled Sciences and Engineering Program State University of New York at Buffalo BuffaloNY14260-5030 United States Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo169-8555 Japan

The concurrency of edges, quantified by the number of edges that share a common node at a given time point, may be an important determinant of epidemic processes in temporal networks. We propose theoretically tractable Markovian temporal network models in which each edge flips between the active and inactive states in continuous time. The different models have different amounts of concurrency while we can tune the models to share the same statistics of edge activation and deactivation (and hence the fraction of time for which each edge is active) and the structure of the aggregate (i.e., static) network. We analytically calculate the amount of concurrency of edges sharing a node for each model. We then numerically study effects of concurrency on epidemic spreading in the stochastic susceptible-infectious-susceptible and susceptible-infectious-recovered dynamics on the proposed temporal network models. We find that the concurrency enhances epidemic spreading near the epidemic threshold while this effect is small in many cases. Furthermore, when the infection rate is substantially larger than the epidemic threshold, the concurrency suppresses epidemic spreading in a majority of cases. In sum, our numerical simulations suggest that the impact of concurrency on enhancing epidemic spreading within our model is consistently present near the epidemic threshold but modest. The proposed temporal network models are expected to be useful for investigating effects of concurrency on various collective dynamics on networks including both infectious and other dynamics. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dynamics

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Titania Nanosheets Generates Peroxynitrite for S-Nitrosylation and Enhanced p53 Function in Lung Cancer Cells

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： Soonnarong, Rapeepun Tungsukruthai, Sucharat Nutho, Bodee Rungrotmongkol, Thanyada Vinayanuwattikun, Chanida Maluangnont, Tosapol Chanvorachote, Pithi Interdisciplinary Program of Pharmacology Graduate School Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Cell-based Drug and Health Products Development Research Unit Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Bangkok Thailand Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand Biocatalyst and Environmental Biotechnology Reseach Unit Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate School Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Division of Medical Oncology Department of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand College of Materials Innovation and Technology King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok Thailand

Background: Metal oxide nanomaterials are increasingly being exploited in cancer therapy thanks to their unique properties, which can enhance the efficacy of current cancer therapies. However, the nanotoxicity and mechanism of Ti0.8O2 nanosheets for specific site-targeting strategies in NSCLC have not yet been investigated. Methods: The effects of Ti0.8O2 nanosheets on cytotoxicity in NSCLC cells and normal cells were examined. The apoptosis characteristics, including condensed and fragmented nuclei, as assessed by positive staining with annexin V. The cellular uptake of the nanosheets and the induction of stress fiber were assessed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses, respectively. We also evaluated the expression of protein in death mechanism to identify the molecular mechanisms behind the toxicity of these cells. We investigated the relationship between S-nitrosylation and the increase in p53 stability by molecular dynamics. Results: Ti0.8O2 nanosheets caused cytotoxicity in several lung cancer cells, but not in normal cells. The nanosheets could enter lung cancer cells and exert an apoptosis induction. Results for protein analysis further indicated the activation of p53, increased Bax, decreased Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, and activation of caspase-3. The nanosheets also exhibited a substantial apoptosis effect in drug-resistant metastatic primary lung cancer cells, and it was found that the potency of the nanosheets was dramatically higher than that of cisplatin and etoposide. In terms of their mechanism of action, we found that the mode of apoptosis induction was through the generation of cellular ONOO− mediated the S-nitrosylation of p53 at C182. Molecular dynamics analysis further showed that the S-nitrosylation of one C182 stabilized the p53 dimer. Consequently, this nitrosylation of the protein led to an upregulation of p53 through its stabilization. Conclusions: Taking all the evidence together, we provided info

关键词： Molecular dynamics

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Local and global measures of the shear moduli of jammed disk packings

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Physical Review E 2023年第5期107卷 054903-054903页

作者： Shiyun Zhang Weiwei Jin Dong Wang Ding Xu Jerry Zhang Mark D. Shattuck Corey S. O'Hern Department of Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New York New York 10031 USA Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Applied Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA

Strain-controlled isotropic compression gives rise to jammed packings of repulsive, frictionless disks with either positive or negative global shear moduli. We carry out computational studies to understand the contributions of the negative shear moduli to the mechanical response of jammed disk packings. We first decompose the ensemble-averaged, global shear modulus as 〈G〉=(1−F−)〈G+〉+F−〈G−〉, where F− is the fraction of jammed packings with negative shear moduli and 〈G+〉 and 〈G−〉 are the average values from packings with positive and negative moduli, respectively. We show that 〈G+〉 and 〈|G−|〉 obey different power-law scaling relations above and below pN2∼1. For pN2>1, both 〈G+〉N and 〈|G−|〉N∼(pN2)β, where β∼0.5 for repulsive linear spring interactions. Despite this, 〈G〉N∼(pN2)β′ with β′≳0.5 due to the contributions from packings with negative shear moduli. We show further that the probability distribution of global shear moduli P(G) collapses at fixed pN2 and different values of p and N. We calculate analytically that P(G) is a Γ distribution in the pN2≪1 limit. As pN2 increases, the skewness of P(G) decreases and P(G) becomes a skew-normal distribution with negative skewness in the pN2≫1 limit. We also partition jammed disk packings into subsystems using Delaunay triangulation of the disk centers to calculate local shear moduli. We show that the local shear moduli defined from groups of adjacent triangles can be negative even when G>0. The spatial correlation function of local shear moduli C(r⃗) displays weak correlations for pnsub2<10−2, where nsub is the number of particles within each subsystem. However, C(r⃗) begins to develop long-ranged spatial correlations with fourfold angular symmetry for pnsub2≳10−2.

关键词： Jamming Packing & jamming problems Granular materials

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Performance evaluation of LSTM neural networks for consumption prediction

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e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy 2022年 2卷

作者： da Silva, Davi Guimarães Geller, Marla Teresinha Barbosa Moura, Mauro Sérgio dos Santos Meneses, Anderson Alvarenga de Moura Federal University of Western Pará – Graduate Program in Society Nature and Development R. Vera Paz s/n Salé CEP 68.035-110 PA Santarém Brazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Pará Brazil Laboratory of Computational Intelligence Federal University of Western Pará Institute of Geosciences and Engineering Brazil

Energy consumption and energy efficiency are topics that have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years, in order to seek sustainable solutions for energy production and reduction of costs, aiming to provide a balance between development and protection of natural resources. One of the alternatives that have obtained satisfactory results is the use of technologies based on Internet of Things (IoT) and Deep Learning systems. Based on this, we assessed the performance of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks in time series electric energy consumption prediction, for a forecasting module of an IoT system. Three time series were used and we compared LSTM to the algorithms Extreme Boost Gradient and Random Forest. computational results indicate that the LSTM model showed a tendency of better RMSE performance in the first data set, and statistically significant better results in other two data sets, according to the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.0001 in both cases). Thus, the proposed model was implemented and validated from experiments, presenting accurate prediction for monitoring and estimating power consumption, being applicable to Energy Efficiency and decision making. © 2022 The Authors

关键词： Deep learning Energy efficiency Internet of things Long short-term memory Monitoring and prediction Neural networks Prediction module

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Communicationmachine Learning-Based QSAR and LB-PaCS-MD Guided Design of SARs-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Toopradab, Borwornlak Xie, Wanting Duan, Lian Hengphasatporn, Kowit Harada, Ryuhei Sinsulpsiri, Silpsiri Shigeta, Yasuteru Shi, Liyi Maitarad, Phornphimon Rungrotmongkol, Thanyada Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate School Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand Center of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok10330 Thailand Research Center of Nano Science and Technology Department of Chemistry College of Science Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8577 Japan Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Ibaraki305–8571 Japan Emerging Industries Institute Shanghai University Zhejiang Jiaxing314006 China

The global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus had led to profound respiratory health implications. This study focused on designing organoselenium-based inhibitors targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). The ligand-binding pathway sampling method based on parallel cascade selection molecular dynamics (LB-PaCS-MD) simulations was employed to elucidate plausible paths and conformations of ebselen, a synthetic organoselenium drug, within the Mpro catalytic site. Ebselen effectively engaged the active site, adopting proximity to H41 and interacting through the benzoisoselenazole ring in a π-π T-shaped arrangement, with an additional π-sulfur interaction with C145. In addition, the ligand-based drug design using the QSAR with GFA-MLR, RF, and ANN models were employed for biological activity prediction. The QSAR-ANN model showed robust statistical performance, with an R2training exceeding 0.98 and an RMSEtest of 0.21, indicating its suitability for predicting biological activities. Integration the ANN model with the LB-PaCS-MD insights enabled the rational design of novel compounds anchored in the ebselen core structure, identifying promising candidates with favorable predicted IC50 values. The designed compounds exhibited suitable drug-like characteristics and adopted an active conformation similar to ebselen, inhibiting Mpro function. These findings represent a synergistic approach merging ligand and structure-based drug design;with the potential to guide experimental synthesis and enzyme assay testing. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Coronavirus

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Dynamic ¹³C Flux Analysis Captures the Reorganization of Adipocyte Glucose Metabolism in Response to Insulin (vol 23, 100855, 2020)

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Iscience 2020年第12期23卷 100855页

作者： Quek, Lake-Ee Krycer, James R. Ohno, Satoshi Yugi, Katsuyuki Fazakerley, Daniel J. Scalzo, Richard Elkington, Sarah D. Dai, Ziwei Hirayama, Akiyoshi Ikeda, Satsuki Shoji, Futaba Suzuki, Kumi Locasale, Jason W. Soga, Tomoyoshi James, David E. Kuroda, Shinya Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia School of Mathematics and Statistics The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Department of Biological Sciences Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Institute for Advanced Biosciences Keio University Tsuruoka Yamagata 997-0052 Japan YCI Laboratory for Trans-Omics Young Chief Investigator Program RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho Tsurumi-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology Duke University School of Medicine Duke University Durham NC 27710 USA AMED-CREST AMED 1-7-1 Otemachi Chiyoda-Ku Tokyo 100-0004 Japan Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences Graduate School of Frontier Sciences University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa Chiba 277-8562 Japan CREST Japan Science and Technology Agency Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan

Cellular metabolism is dynamic, but quantifying non-steady metabolic fluxes by stable isotope tracers presents unique computational challenges. Here, we developed an efficient 13 C-tracer dynamic metabolic flux analysis (13C-DMFA) framework for modeling central carbon fluxes that vary over time. We used B-splines to generalize the flux parameterization system and to improve the stability of the optimization algorithm. As proof of concept, we investigated how 3T3-L1 cultured adipocytes acutely metabolize glucose in response to insulin. Insulin rapidly stimulates glucose uptake, but intracellular pathways responded with differing speeds and magnitudes. Fluxes in lower glycolysis increased faster than those in upper glycolysis. Glycolysis fluxes rose disproportionally larger and faster than the tricarboxylic acid cycle, with lactate a primary glucose end product. The uncovered array of flux dynamics suggests that glucose catabolism is additionally regulated beyond uptake to help shunt glucose into appropriate pathways. This work demonstrates the value of using dynamic intracellular fluxes to understand metabolic function and pathway regulation.

关键词： Biological sciences Flux Data Metabolomics Metabolic Flux Analysis

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Simulation platform: cloud-computing meets computational neuroscience

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BMC Neuroscience 2011年第1期12卷 1-2页

作者： Tadashi Yamazaki Hidetoshi Ikeno Yoshihiro Okumura Shiro Usui Shunji Satoh Yoshimi Kamiyama Yutaka Hirata Keiichiro Inagaki Akito Ishihara Takayuki Kannon RIKEN BSI-TOYOTA Collaboration Center RIKEN Brain Science Institute Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan School of Human Science and Environment University of Hyogo Himeji Hyogo 670-0092 Japan Neuroinformatics Japan Center RIKEN Brain Science Institute Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Laboratory for Neuroinformatics RIKEN Brain Science Institute Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Graduate School of Information Systems University of Electro-Communications Chofu Tokyo 182-8585 Japan School of Information Science and Technology Aichi Prefectural University Nagakute Aichi 480-1198 Japan Faculty of Engineering Chubu University Kasugai Aichi 486-8501 Japan Laboratory for Neuroinformatics (Computational Science Research Program) RIKEN Brain Science Institute Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan School of Information Science and Technology Chukyo University Toyota Aichi 470-0393 Japan

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TOI-2015 b: A sub-Neptune in strong gravitational interaction with an outer non-transiting planet

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Astronomy and Astrophysics 2025年 695卷

作者： Barkaoui, K. Korth, J. Gaidos, E. Agol, E. Parviainen, H. Pozuelos, F.J. Palle, E. Narita, N. Grimm, S. Brady, M. Bean, J.L. Morello, G. Rackham, B.V. Burgasser, A.J. Van Grootel, V. Rojas-Ayala, B. Seifahrt, A. Marfil, E. Passegger, V.M. Stalport, M. Gillon, M. Collins, K.A. Shporer, A. Giacalone, S. Yalçinkaya, S. Ducrot, E. Timmermans, M. Triaud, A.H.M.J. De Wit, J. Soubkiou, A. Watkins, C.N. Aganze, C. Alonso, R. Amado, P.J. Basant, R. Baştürk, Ö. Benkhaldoun, Z. Burdanov, A. Calatayud-Borras, Y. Chouqar, J. Conti, D.M. Collins, K.I. Davoudi, F. Delrez, L. Dressing, C.D. De Leon, J. Dévora-Pajares, M. Demory, B.O. Dransfield, G. Esparza-Borges, E. Fernández-Rodriguez, G. Fukuda, I. Fukui, A. Gallardo, P.P.M. Garcia, L. Garcia, N.A. Ghachoui, M. Geraldía-González, S. Gómez Maqueo Chew, Y. González-Rodríguez, J. Günther, M.N. Hayashi, Y. Horne, K. Hooton, M.J. Hsu, C.C. Ikuta, K. Isogai, K. Jehin, E. Jenkins, J.M. Kawauchi, K. Kagetani, T. Kawai, Y. Kasper, D. Kielkopf, J.F. Klagyivik, P. Lacedelli, G. Latham, D.W. Libotte, F. Luque, R. Livingston, J.H. Mancini, L. Massey, B. Mori, M. Muñoz Torres, S. Murgas, F. Niraula, P. Orell-Miquel, J. Rapetti, David Rebolo-López, R. Ricker, G. Papini, R. Pedersen, P.P. Peláez-Torres, A. Pérez-Prieto, J.A. Poultourtzidis, E. Rodriguez, P.M. Queloz, D. Savel, A.B. Schanche, N. Sánchez-Benavente, M. Sibbald, L. Sefako, R. Sohy, S. Sota, A. Schwarz, R.P. Seager, S. Sebastian, D. Southworth, J. Stangret, M. Stefánsson, G. Stürmer, J. Srdoc, G. Thompson, S.J. Terada, Y. Vanderspek, R. Wang, G. Watanabe, N. Wilkin, F.P. Winn, J. Wells, R.D. Ziegler, C. Zúñiga-Fernández, S. Astrobiology Research Unit Université de Liège Allée du 6 Août 19C Liège4000 Belgium Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue CambridgeMA02139 United States Calle Vía Láctea s/n Tenerife La Laguna38200 Spain Lund Observatory Division of Astrophysics Department of Physics Lund University Box 118 Lund22100 Sweden Department of Earth Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa 1680 East-West Rd HonoluluHI96822 United States Institute for Astrophysics University of Vienna Türkenschanzstrasse 17 Vienna1180 Austria Department of Astronomy and Astrobiology Program University of Washington Box 351580 SeattleWA98195 United States NExSS Virtual Planetary Laboratory University of Washington Box 351580 SeattleWA98195 United States Tenerife La LagunaE-38206 Spain Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain INAF-Palermo Astronomical Observatory Piazza del Parlamento 1 Palermo90134 Italy Komaba Institute for Science University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba Tokyo Meguro153-8902 Japan Astrobiology Center 2-21-1 Osawa Tokyo Mitaka181-8588 Japan Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science Universities Space Research Association WashingtonDC20024 United States Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics ETH Zürich OttoStern-Weg 5 Zürich8093 Switzerland Department of Astrophysics University of Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 Zürich8057 Switzerland Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics University of Chicago ChicagoIL United States Department of Physics Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Institute Université de Liège Allée du 6 Août 19C LiègeB-4000 Belgium Instituto de Alta Investigación Universidad de Tarapacá Casilla 7D Arica Chile Gemini Observatory/NSF NOIRLab 670 N. A'ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Departamento de Ingeniería Topográfica y Cartografía E.

TOI-2015 is a known exoplanetary system around an M4 dwarf star, consisting of a transiting sub-Neptune planet in a 3.35-day orbital period, TOI-2015 b, accompanied by a non-transiting companion, TOI-2015 c. High-precision radial-velocity measurements were taken with the MAROON-X spectrograph, and high-precision photometric data were collected, primarily using the SPECULOOS, MUSCAT, TRAPPIST and LCOGT networks. We collected 63 transit light curves and 49 different transit epochs for TOI-2015 b. We recharacterized the target star by combining optical spectra obtained by the MAROON-X, Shane/KAST and IRTF/SpeX spectrographs, Bayesian model averaging (BMA) and spectral energy distribution (SED) analysis. The TOI-2015 host star is a K = 10.3 mag M4-type dwarf with a subsolar metallicity of [Fe/H] =-0.31 ± 0.16, and an effective temperature of Teff ≈ 3200 K. Our photodynamical analysis of the system strongly favors the 5:3 mean-motion resonance and in this scenario the planet b (TOI-2015 b) has an orbital period of Pb = 3.34 days, a mass of Mp = 9.02-0.36+0.32M⊕, and a radius of Rp = 3.309-0.011+0.013R⊕, resulting in a density of ρp = 0.25 ± 0.01 ρ⊕ = 1.40 ± 0.06 g cm-3;this is indicative of a Neptune-like composition. Its transits exhibit large (> 1 hr) timing variations characteristic of an outer perturber in the system. We performed a global analysis of the high-resolution radial-velocity measurements, the photometric data, and the TTVs, and inferred that TOI-2015 hosts a second planet, TOI-2015 c, in a non-transiting configuration. Our analysis places it near a 5:3 resonance with an orbital period of Pc = 5.583 days and a mass of Mp = 8.91-0.40+0.38M⊕. The dynamical configuration of TOI-2015 b and TOI-2015 c can be used to constrain the system's planetary formation and migration history. Based on the mass-radius composition models, TOI-2015 b is a water-rich or rocky planet with a hydrogen-helium envelope. Moreover, TOI-2015 b has a high transmission-spectroscopic met

关键词： Velocity measurement

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On the elastoplastic behavior in collisional compression of spherical dust aggregates

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Arakawa, Sota Tanaka, Hidekazu Kokubo, Eiichiro Okuzumi, Satoshi Tatsuuma, Misako Nishiura, Daisuke Furuichi, Mikito Center for Mathematical Science and Advanced Technology Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology 3173-25 Showa-machi Kanazawa-ku Yokohama236-0001 Japan Astronomical Institute Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai980-8578 Japan Center for Computational Astrophysics National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo152-8550 Japan Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama351-0198 Japan

Aggregates consisting of submicron-sized cohesive dust grains are ubiquitous, and understanding the collisional behavior of dust aggregates is essential. It is known that low-speed collisions of dust aggregates result in either sticking or bouncing, and local and permanent compaction occurs near the contact area upon collision. In this study, we perform numerical simulations of collisions between two aggregates and investigate their compressive behavior. We find that the maximum compression length is proportional to the radius of aggregates and increases with the collision velocity. We also reveal that a theoretical model of contact between two elastoplastic spheres successfully reproduces the size- and velocity-dependence of the maximum compression length observed in our numerical simulations. Our findings on the plastic deformation of aggregates during collisional compression provide a clue to understanding the collisional growth process of aggregates. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dust

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computational models of astrocyte function at glutamatergic synapses

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Lenk, Kerstin Denizot, Audrey Genocchi, Barbara Seppälä, Ippa Taheri, Marsa Nadkarni, Suhita Institute of Neural Engineering Graz University of Technology Graz Austria BioTechMed Graz8010 Austria Theoretical Sciences Visiting Program Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Japan Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Computational Neuroscience Unit Onna-Son Japan AIstroSight Inria Hospices Civils de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France University of Lyon LIRIS UMR5205 Villeurbanne France Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere Finland Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology University of Turku Turku Finland Department of Neurobiology University of California Los AngelesCA United States Department of Biology Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune India

At tripartite synapses, astrocytes are in close contact with neurons and contribute to various functions, from synaptic transmission, maintenance of ion homeostasis and glutamate uptake to metabolism. However, disentangling the precise contribution of astrocytes to those phenomena and the underlying biochemical mechanisms is remarkably challenging. This notably results from their highly ramified morphology, the nanoscopic size of the majority of astrocyte processes, and the poorly understood information encoded by their spatiotemporally diverse calcium signals. This book chapter presents selected computational models of the involvement of astrocytes in glutamatergic transmission. The goal of this chapter is to present representative models of astrocyte function in conjunction with the biological questions they can investigate. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Calcium

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