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Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology

Nature 2024年第8003期627卷 347-357页

作者： Ken Suzuki Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas Lorraine Southam Henry J Taylor Xianyong Yin Kim M Lorenz Ravi Mandla Alicia Huerta-Chagoya Giorgio E M Melloni Stavroula Kanoni Nigel W Rayner Ozvan Bocher Ana Luiza Arruda Kyuto Sonehara Shinichi Namba Simon S K Lee Michael H Preuss Lauren E Petty Philip Schroeder Brett Vanderwerff Mart Kals Fiona Bragg Kuang Lin Xiuqing Guo Weihua Zhang Jie Yao Young Jin Kim Mariaelisa Graff Fumihiko Takeuchi Jana Nano Amel Lamri Masahiro Nakatochi Sanghoon Moon Robert A Scott James P Cook Jung-Jin Lee Ian Pan Daniel Taliun Esteban J Parra Jin-Fang Chai Lawrence F Bielak Yasuharu Tabara Yang Hai Gudmar Thorleifsson Niels Grarup Tamar Sofer Matthias Wuttke Chloé Sarnowski Christian Gieger Darryl Nousome Stella Trompet Soo-Heon Kwak Jirong Long Meng Sun Lin Tong Wei-Min Chen Suraj S Nongmaithem Raymond Noordam Victor J Y Lim Claudia H T Tam Yoonjung Yoonie Joo Chien-Hsiun Chen Laura M Raffield Bram Peter Prins Aude Nicolas Lisa R Yanek Guanjie Chen Jennifer A Brody Edmond Kabagambe Ping An Anny H Xiang Hyeok Sun Choi Brian E Cade Jingyi Tan K Alaine Broadaway Alice Williamson Zoha Kamali Jinrui Cui Manonanthini Thangam Linda S Adair Adebowale Adeyemo Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas Tarunveer S Ahluwalia Sonia S Anand Alain Bertoni Jette Bork-Jensen Ivan Brandslund Thomas A Buchanan Charles F Burant Adam S Butterworth Mickaël Canouil Juliana C N Chan Li-Ching Chang Miao-Li Chee Ji Chen Shyh-Huei Chen Yuan-Tsong Chen Zhengming Chen Lee-Ming Chuang Mary Cushman John Danesh Swapan K Das H Janaka de Silva George Dedoussis Latchezar Dimitrov Ayo P Doumatey Shufa Du Qing Duan Kai-Uwe Eckardt Leslie S Emery Daniel S Evans Michele K Evans Krista Fischer James S Floyd Ian Ford Oscar H Franco Timothy M Frayling Barry I Freedman Pauline Genter Hertzel C Gerstein Vilmantas Giedraitis Clicerio González-Villalpando Maria Elena González-Villalpando Penny Gordon-Larsen Myron Gross Lindsay A Guare Sophie Hackinger Liisa Hakaste Sohee Han Andrew T Hattersley Christian Herder Momoko Horikoshi Annie-Green Howard Willa Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Research Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK. Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan. Department of Statistical Genetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. konstantinos.hatzikotoulas@helmholtz-munich.de. Institute of Translational Genomics Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany. Center for Precision Health Research National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA. British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Heart and Lung Research Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Department of Genetics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA. Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA. Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA. TIMI Study Group Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. William Harvey Research Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London L

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care.

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Detection of an Earth-sized exoplanet orbiting the nearby ultracool dwarf star SPECULOOS-3

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Gillon, Michaël Pedersen, Peter P. Rackham, Benjamin V. Dransfield, Georgina Ducrot, Elsa Barkaoui, Khalid Burdanov, Artem Y. Schroffenegger, Urs Chew, Yilen Gómez Maqueo Lederer, Susan M. Alonso, Roi Burgasser, Adam J. Howell, Steve B. Narita, Norio de Wit, Julien Demory, Brice-Olivier Queloz, Didier Triaud, Amaury H.M.J. Delrez, Laetitia Jehin, Emmanuël Hooton, Matthew J. Garcia, Lionel J. Muñoz, Clàudia Jano Murray, Catriona A. Pozuelos, Francisco J. Sebastian, Daniel Timmermans, Mathilde Thompson, Samantha J. Zúñiga-Fernández, Sebastián Aceituno, Jesús Aganze, Christian Amado, Pedro J. Baycroft, Thomas Benkhaldoun, Zouhair Berardo, David Bolmont, Emeline Clark, Catherine A. Davis, Yasmin T. Davoudi, Fatemeh de Beurs, Zoë L. de Leon, Jerome P. Ikoma, Masahiro Ikuta, Kai Isogai, Keisuke Fukuda, Izuru Fukui, Akihiko Gerasimov, Roman Ghachoui, Mourad Günther, Maximilian N. Hasler, Samantha Hayashi, Yuya Heng, Kevin Hu, Renyu Kagetani, Taiki Kawai, Yugo Kawauchi, Kiyoe Kitzmann, Daniel Koll, Daniel D.B. Lendl, Monika Livingston, John H. Lyu, Xintong Meier Valdés, Erik A. Mori, Mayuko McCormac, James J. Murgas, Felipe Niraula, Prajwal Pallé, Enric Plauchu-Frayn, Ilse Rebolo, Rafael Sabin, Laurence Schackey, Yannick Schanche, Nicole Selsis, Franck Sota, Alfredo Stalport, Manu Standing, Matthew R. Stassun, Keivan G. Tamura, Motohide Theissen, Christopher A. Turbet, Martin Van Grootel, Valérie Varas, Roberto Watanabe, Noriharu Lang, Francis Zong Astrobiology Research Unit Université de Liège Allée du 6 août 19 Liège4000 Belgium Cavendish Laboratory JJ Thomson Avenue CambridgeCB3 0HE United Kingdom Department of Physics ETH Zurich Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 2 ZurichCH-8093 Switzerland Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue CambridgeMA02139 United States Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States School of Physics & Astronomy University of Birmingham Edgbaston BirminghamB15 2TT United Kingdom LESIA Observatoire de Paris CNRS Université Paris Diderot Université Pierre et Marie Curie 5 place Jules Janssen Meudon92190 France Calle Vía Láctea s/n Tenerife La Laguna38200 Spain Center for Space and Habitability University of Bern Gesellschaftsstrasse 6 BernCH-3012 Switzerland Instituto de Astronomía Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México04510 Mexico NASA Johnson Space Center 2101 NASA Parkway HoustonTX77058 United States Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n Tenerife La Laguna38206 Spain Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics University of California San Diego La Jolla San DiegoCA92093 United States NASA Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCA94035 United States Komaba Institute for Science The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba Meguro Tokyo153-8902 Japan Astrobiology Center 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Institute Université de Liège Allée du 6 Août 19C LiègeB-4000 Belgium Institute of Astronomy KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200D Leuven3001 Belgium Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute 162 Fifth Avenue New YorkNY10010 United States Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO80309 United States Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Centro Astro

Located at the bottom of the main-sequence, ultracool dwarf stars are widespread in the solar neighborhood. Nevertheless, their extremely low luminosity has left their planetary population largely unexplored, and only one of them, TRAPPIST-1, has so far been found to host a transiting planetary system. In this context, we present the SPECULOOS project’s detection of an Earth-sized planet in a 17-hour orbit around an ultracool dwarf of M6.5 spectral type located 16.8 parsecs away. The planet’s high irradiation (16 times that of Earth) combined with the infrared luminosity and Jupiter-like size of its host star make it one of the most promising rocky exoplanets for detailed emission spectroscopy characterization with JWST. Indeed, our sensitivity study shows that just 10 secondary eclipse observations with the Mid-InfraRed Instrument Low-Resolution Spectrometer on board JWST should bring strong constraints on its atmospheric composition and/or surface mineralogy. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Emission spectroscopy

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Publisher Correction: Ageing limits stemness and tumorigenesis by reprogramming iron homeostasis

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Nature 2025年 2025 May 22页

作者： Xueqian Zhuang Qing Wang Simon Joost Alexander Ferrena David T Humphreys Zhuxuan Li Melissa Blum Klavdija Krause Selena Ding Yuna Landais Yingqian Zhan Yang Zhao Ronan Chaligne Joo-Hyeon Lee Sebastian E Carrasco Umeshkumar K Bhanot Richard P Koche Matthew J Bott Pekka Katajisto Yadira M Soto-Feliciano Thomas Pisanic Tiffany Thomas Deyou Zheng Emily S Wong Tuomas Tammela Cancer Biology and Genetics Program Sloan Kettering Institute Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA. Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute Sydney New South Wales Australia. Institute for Clinical and Translational Research Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York NY USA. Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Science Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA. Center for Epigenetics Research Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA. Computational and Systems Biology Program Sloan Kettering Institute Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA. Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK. Laboratory of Comparative Pathology Weill Cornell Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Rockefeller University New York NY USA. Pathology Core Facility Department of Pathology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA. Institute of Biotechnology HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden. Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland. David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA. Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA. Institute for NanoBioTechnology Department of Oncology-Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA. Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York NY USA. Departments of Genetics Neurology and Neuroscience Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York NY USA. School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences UNSW Sy

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Author Correction: Genomic footprints of activated telomere maintenance mechanisms in cancer (Dec, 10.1038/s41467-019-13824-9, 2022)

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NATURE COMMUNICATIONS 2022年第1期13卷 1-1页

作者： Sieverling, Lina Hong, Chen Koser, Sandra D. Ginsbach, Philip Kleinheinz, Kortine Hutter, Barbara Braun, Delia M. Cortes-Ciriano, Isidro Xi, Ruibin Kabbe, Rolf Park, Peter J. Eils, Roland Schlesner, Matthias Brors, Benedikt Rippe, Karsten Jones, David T. W. Feuerbach, Lars Division of Applied Bioinformatics German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) 69120 Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Biosciences Heidelberg University 69120 Heidelberg Germany Division of Applied Bioinformatics German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Faculty of Biosciences Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) 69120 Heidelberg Germany Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuant 69120 Heidelberg Germany Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Heidelberg Germany National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO) German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Division of Chromatin Networks German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and BioQuant 69120 Heidelberg Germany Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA Department of Chemistry Centre for Molecular Science Informatics University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK Ludwig Center at Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA Department of Biomedical Informatics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Department of Chemistry Centre for Molecular Science Informatics University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Ludwig Center at Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA School of Mathematical Sciences and Center for Statistical Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany New BIH Digital Health Center Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Bioi

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The recency and geographical origins of the bat viruses ancestral to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2

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Cell 2025年

作者： Pekar, Jonathan E. Lytras, Spyros Ghafari, Mahan Magee, Andrew F. Parker, Edyth Wang, Yu Ji, Xiang Havens, Jennifer L. Katzourakis, Aris Vasylyeva, Tetyana I. Suchard, Marc A. Hughes, Alice C. Hughes, Joseph Rambaut, Andrew Robertson, David L. Dellicour, Simon Worobey, Michael Wertheim, Joel O. Lemey, Philippe Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program University of California San Diego La Jolla 92093 CA United States Department of Biomedical Informatics University of California San Diego La Jolla 92093 CA United States Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla 92093 CA United States Division of Systems Virology Department of Microbiology and Immunology The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Medical Research Council University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research Glasgow United Kingdom Department of Biology University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Human Genetics David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles 90095 CA United States Department of Immunology and Microbiology The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla 92037 CA United States Institute of Genomics and Global Health Redeemer's University Osun State Ede Nigeria Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla 92093 CA United States Department of Mathematics School of Science and Engineering Tulane University New Orleans LA United States Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention University of California Irvine Irvine 92617 CA United States Department of Biostatistics Fielding School of Public Health University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles 90095 CA United States Department of Computational Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles 90095 CA United States School of Biological Sciences University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong China Biodiversity Green Development Foundation Beijing China Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL) Université Libre de Bruxelles CP160/12 50 av. FD Roosevelt Bruxelles 1050 Belgium Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation Rega Institute

The emergence of SARS-CoV in 2002 and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 led to increased sampling of sarbecoviruses circulating in horseshoe bats. Employing phylogenetic inference while accounting for recombination of bat sarbecoviruses, we find that the closest-inferred bat virus ancestors of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 existed less than a decade prior to their emergence in humans. Phylogeographic analyses show bat sarbecoviruses traveled at rates approximating their horseshoe bat hosts and circulated in Asia for millennia. We find that the direct ancestors of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are unlikely to have reached their respective sites of emergence via dispersal in the bat reservoir alone, supporting interactions with intermediate hosts through wildlife trade playing a role in zoonotic spillover. These results can guide future sampling efforts and demonstrate that viral genomic regions extremely closely related to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were circulating in horseshoe bats, confirming their importance as the reservoir species for SARS viruses. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： molecular epidemiology phylogeography sarbecoviruses virus evolution

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Hypostatic jammed packings of frictionless nonspherical particles

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Physical Review E 2018年第1期97卷 012909-012909页

作者： Kyle VanderWerf Weiwei Jin Mark D. Shattuck Corey S. O'Hern Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New York New York 10031 USA Department of Applied Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA

We perform computational studies of static packings of a variety of nonspherical particles including circulo-lines, circulo-polygons, ellipses, asymmetric dimers, dumbbells, and others to determine which shapes form packings with fewer contacts than degrees of freedom (hypostatic packings) and which have equal numbers of contacts and degrees of freedom (isostatic packings), and to understand why hypostatic packings of nonspherical particles can be mechanically stable despite having fewer contacts than that predicted from naive constraint counting. To generate highly accurate force- and torque-balanced packings of circulo-lines and cir-polygons, we developed an interparticle potential that gives continuous forces and torques as a function of the particle coordinates. We show that the packing fraction and coordination number at jamming onset obey a masterlike form for all of the nonspherical particle packings we studied when plotted versus the particle asphericity A, which is proportional to the ratio of the squared perimeter to the area of the particle. Further, the eigenvalue spectra of the dynamical matrix for packings of different particle shapes collapse when plotted at the same A. For hypostatic packings of nonspherical particles, we verify that the number of “quartic” modes along which the potential energy increases as the fourth power of the perturbation amplitude matches the number of missing contacts relative to the isostatic value. We show that the fourth derivatives of the total potential energy in the directions of the quartic modes remain nonzero as the pressure of the packings is decreased to zero. In addition, we calculate the principal curvatures of the inequality constraints for each contact in circulo-line packings and identify specific types of contacts with inequality constraints that possess convex curvature. These contacts can constrain multiple degrees of freedom and allow hypostatic packings of nonspherical particles to be mechanically stable.

关键词： Granular materials Granular packing Jamming

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Selective dynamical imaging of interferometric data

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Farah, Joseph Galison, Peter Akiyama, Kazunori Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Chael, Andrew Fuentes, Antonio Gómez, José L. Honma, Mareki Johnson, Michael D. Kofuji, Yutaro Marrone, Daniel P. Moriyama, Kotaro Narayan, Ramesh Pesce, Dominic W. Tiede, Paul Wielgus, Maciek Zhao, Guang-Yao Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Algaba, Juan Carlos Anantua, Richard Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Bach, Uwe Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Barrett, John Bauböck, Michi Benson, Bradford A. Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Blundell, Raymond Boland, Wilfred Boyce, Hope Bremer, Michael Brinkerink, Christiaan D. Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broderick, Avery E. Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Bustamante, Sandra Byun, Do-Young Carlstrom, John E. Ceccobello, Chiara Chan, Chi-Kwan Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conroy, Nicholas S. Conway, John E. Cordes, James M. Crawford, Thomas M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro Cui, Yuzhu Davelaar, Jordy De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Doeleman, Sheperd S. Dhruv, Vedant Dzib Quijano, Sergio Abraham Eatough, Ralph P. Emami, Razieh Falcke, Heino Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Ed Ford, H. Alyson Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, William T. Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Gammie, Charles F. García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris Goddi, Ciriaco Gold, Roman Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Haggard, Daryl Hecht, Michael H. Hesper, Ronald Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Ikeda, Shiro Impellizzeri, C.M. Violette Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra Jorstad, Svetlana Joshi, Abhishek V. Jung, Taehyun Karami, Mansour Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Kocherlakota, Prashant Koch, Patrick Las Cumbres Observatory 6740 Cortona Drive Suite 102 GoletaCA93117-5575 United States Department of Physics University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106-9530 United States Black Hole Initiative Harvard University 20 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of History of Science Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road WestfordMA01886 United States National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Center for Astrophysics — Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard PasadenaCA91125 United States Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 645 N. A’ohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Princeton Center for Theoretical Science Princeton University Jadwin Hall PrincetonNJ08544 United States NASA Hubble Fellowship Program Einstein Fellow United States Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n GranadaE-18008 Spain Mizusawa VLBI Observatory National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-12 Hoshigaoka Mizusawa Iwate Oshu023-0861 Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Tokyo Mitaka181-8588 Japan Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan Steward Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Arizona 933 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69 BonnD-53121 Germany Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur50603 Malaysia Department of Physics & Ast

Recent developments in very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) have made it possible for the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) to resolve the innermost accretion flows of the largest supermassive black holes on the sky. The sparse nature of the EHT’s (u, v) coverage presents a challenge when attempting to resolve highly time-variable sources. We demonstrate that the changing (u, v) coverage of the EHT can contain regions of time over the course of a single observation that facilitate dynamical imaging. These optimal time regions typically have projected baseline distributions that are approximately angularly isotropic and radially homogeneous. We derive a metric of coverage quality based on baseline isotropy and density that is capable of ranking array configurations by their ability to produce accurate dynamical reconstructions. We compare this metric to existing metrics in the literature, and investigate their utility by performing dynamical reconstructions on synthetic data from simulated EHT observations of sources with simple orbital variability. We then use these results to make recommendations for imaging the 2017 EHT Sgr A∗ dataset. © 2024, CC BY.

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Population of Merging Compact Binaries Inferred Using Gravitational Waves through GWTC-3

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Physical Review X 2023年第1期13卷 011048-011048页

作者： R. Abbott T. D. Abbott F. Acernese K. Ackley C. Adams N. Adhikari R. X. Adhikari V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith T. Akutsu P. F. de Alarcón S. Akcay S. Albanesi A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato C. Anand S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando T. Andrade N. Andres T. Andrić S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier F. Antonini S. Appert Koji Arai Koya Arai Y. Arai S. Araki A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud M. Arogeti S. M. Aronson K. G. Arun H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso M. Assiduo S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader C. Badger S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai L. Baiotti J. Baird R. Bajpai M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri D. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto D. Beniwal T. F. Bennett J. D. Bentley M. BenYaala F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi C. P. L. Berry D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser D. Beveridge R. Bhandare U. Bhardwaj D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley S. Bini R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer G. Bogaert M. Boldrini L. D. Bonavena F. Bondu E. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi J. Brandt J. E. Brau M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D. D. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno R. Bruntz J. Bryant T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno R. Buscicchio D. Buskulic C. Buy R. L. Byer L. Cadonati LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics & Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston Louisiana 70754 USA University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Universitat de les Illes Balears IAC3–IEEC E-07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland INFN Sezione di Torino I-10125 Torino Italy Università di Napoli “Federico II” Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli

We report on the population properties of compact binary mergers inferred from gravitational-wave observations of these systems during the first three LIGO-Virgo observing runs. The Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog 3 (GWTC-3) contains signals consistent with three classes of binary mergers: binary black hole, binary neutron star, and neutron star–black hole mergers. We infer the binary neutron star merger rate to be between 10 and 1700 Gpc−3 yr−1 and the neutron star–black hole merger rate to be between 7.8 and 140 Gpc−3 yr−1, assuming a constant rate density in the comoving frame and taking the union of 90% credible intervals for methods used in this work. We infer the binary black hole merger rate, allowing for evolution with redshift, to be between 17.9 and 44 Gpc−3 yr−1 at a fiducial redshift (z=0.2). The rate of binary black hole mergers is observed to increase with redshift at a rate proportional to (1+z)κ with κ=2.9−1.8+1.7 for z≲1. Using both binary neutron star and neutron star–black hole binaries, we obtain a broad, relatively flat neutron star mass distribution extending from 1.2−0.2+0.1 to 2.0−0.3+0.3M⊙. We confidently determine that the merger rate as a function of mass sharply declines after the expected maximum neutron star mass, but cannot yet confirm or rule out the existence of a lower mass gap between neutron stars and black holes. We also find the binary black hole mass distribution has localized over- and underdensities relative to a power-law distribution, with peaks emerging at chirp masses of 8.3−0.5+0.3 and 27.9−1.8+1.9M⊙. While we continue to find that the mass distribution of a binary’s more massive component strongly decreases as a function of primary mass, we observe no evidence of a strongly suppressed merger rate above approximately 60M⊙, which would indicate the presence of a upper mass gap. Observed black hole spins are small, with half of spin magnitudes below χi≈0.25. While the majority of spins are preferentially aligned wi

关键词： Gravitational wave sources Gravitational waves Gravitational wave detection

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Classification of severe autism in fMRI using functional connectivity and conditional random forests

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Neural Computing and Applications 2019年第12期32卷 8415-8415页

作者： Jac Fredo, A. R. Jahedi, Afrooz Reiter, Maya A. Müller, Ralph-Axel Brain Development Imaging Lab (BDIL) Psychology San Diego State University (SDSU) San Diego USA Computational Science San Diego State University/Claremont Graduate University’s Joint Doctoral Program San Diego USA Clinical Psychology San Diego State University/UC San Diego’s Joint Doctoral Program San Diego USA

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Author Correction: Experimental and real-world evidence supporting the computational repurposing of bumetanide for APOE4-related Alzheimer's disease

Nature aging

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Nature aging 2021年第12期1卷 1202页

作者： Alice Taubes Phil Nova Kelly A Zalocusky Idit Kosti Mesude Bicak Misha Y Zilberter Yanxia Hao Seo Yeon Yoon Tomiko Oskotsky Silvia Pineda Bin Chen Emily A Aery Jones Krishna Choudhary Brian Grone Maureen E Balestra Fayzan Chaudhry Ishan Paranjpe Jessica De Freitas Nicole Koutsodendris Nuo Chen Celine Wang William Chang Alice An Benjamin S Glicksberg Marina Sirota Yadong Huang Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease Gladstone Institutes San Francisco CA USA. Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program University of California San Francisco CA USA. Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement Gladstone Institutes San Francisco CA USA. Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco CA USA. Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute University of California San Francisco CA USA. Department of Pediatrics University of California San Francisco CA USA. Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA. Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA. Department of Surgery University of California San Francisco CA USA. Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology Gladstone Institutes San Francisco CA USA. Development and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program University of California San Francisco CA USA. Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute University of California San Francisco CA USA. marina.sirota@ucsf.edu. Department of Pediatrics University of California San Francisco CA USA. marina.sirota@ucsf.edu. Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease Gladstone Institutes San Francisco CA USA. yadong.huang@gladstone.ucsf.edu. Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program University of California San Francisco CA USA. yadong.huang@gladstone.ucsf.edu. Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement Gladstone Institutes San Francisco CA USA. yadong.huang@gladstone.ucsf.edu. Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco CA USA. yadong.huang@gladstone.ucsf.edu. Department of Pathology University of California San Francisco CA USA. yadong.huang@gladstone.ucsf.edu.

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