Genes encoding early signaling events in pathogen defense often are identified only by their phenotype. Such genes involved in barley-powdery mildew interactions include Mla, specifying race-specific resistance; Rarl ...
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Genes encoding early signaling events in pathogen defense often are identified only by their phenotype. Such genes involved in barley-powdery mildew interactions include Mla, specifying race-specific resistance; Rarl （Required for Mla12-specified resistance1）, and Roml （Restoration of Mla-specified resistancel）. The HSP90-SGT1-RAR1 complex appears to function as chaperone in MLA-specified resistance, however, much remains to be discovered regarding the precise signaling underlying plant immunity. Genetic analyses of fast-neutron mutants derived from CI 16151 （Mla6） uncovered a novel locus, designated Rar3 （R_equired for Mla6-specified resitance3）. Rar3 segregates independent of Mla6 and Rarl, and rar3 mutants are susceptible to Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei （Bgh） isolate 5874 （A VRar）, whereas, wild-type progenitor plants are resistant. Comparative expression analyses of the rar3 mutant vs. its wild-type progenitor were conducted via Barleyl GeneChip and GAIIx paired-end RNA-Seq. Whereas Rarl affects transcription of relatively few genes; Rar3 appears to influence thousands, notably in genes controlling ATP binding, catalytic activity, transcription, and phosphorylation; possibly membrane bound or in the nucleus, eQTL analysis of a segregating doubled haploid population identified over two-thousand genes as being regulated by Mla （q value/FDR=0.00001）, a subset of which are significant in Rar3 interactions. The intersection of datasets derived from mla-loss-of-function mutants, Mla-associated eQTL, and rar3-mediated transcriptome reprogramming are narrowing the focus on essential genes required for Mla-specified immunity.
Automatic plant identification via computer vision techniques has been greatly important for a number of professionals, such as environmental protectors, land managers, and foresters. In this paper, a novel leaf image...
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Automatic plant identification via computer vision techniques has been greatly important for a number of professionals, such as environmental protectors, land managers, and foresters. In this paper, a novel leaf image recognition technique via sparse representation is proposed for automatic plant identification. In order to model leaf images, we learn an overcomplete dictionary for sparsely representing the training images of each leaf species. Each dictionary is learned using a set of descriptors extracted from the training images in such a way that each descriptor is represented by linear combination of a small number of dictionary atoms. For each test leaf image, we calculate the correlation between the image and each learned dictionary of leaf species to achieve the identification of the leaf image. As a result, efficient leaf recognition can be achieved on public leaf dataset based on the proposed framework leading to a more compact and richer representation of leaf images compared to traditional clustering approaches. Moreover, our method is also adapted to newly added leaf species without retraining classifiers and suitable to be highly parallelized as well as integrated with any leaf image descriptors/features.
Background: Surveillance of health care-associated infections is an essential component of infection prevention programs, but conventional systems are labor intensive and performance dependent. Objective: To develop a...
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Technical debt is a term that has been used to describe the increased cost of changing or maintaining a system due to shortcuts taken during its development. As technical debt is a recent research area, its different ...
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Technical debt is a term that has been used to describe the increased cost of changing or maintaining a system due to shortcuts taken during its development. As technical debt is a recent research area, its different types and their indicators are not organized yet. Therefore, this paper proposes an ontology of terms on technical debt in order to organize a common vocabulary for the area. The organized concepts derived from the results of a systematic literature mapping. The proposed ontology was evaluated in two steps. In the first one, some ontology design quality criteria were used. For the second one, a specialist in the area performed an initial evaluation. This work contributes to evolve the Technical Debt Landscape through the organization of the different types of technical debt and their indicators. We consider this an important contribution for both researchers and practitioners because this information was spread out in the literature hindering their use in research and development activities.
The exact calculation of all-terminal reliability is not feasible in large networks. Hence estimation techniques and lower and upper bounds for all-terminal reliability have been utilized. We propose using an ordered ...
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The exact calculation of all-terminal reliability is not feasible in large networks. Hence estimation techniques and lower and upper bounds for all-terminal reliability have been utilized. We propose using an ordered subset of the mincuts and an ordered subset of minpaths to calculate an all-terminal reliability upper and lower bound, respectively. The advantage of the proposed approach results from the fact that it does not require the enumeration of all mincuts or all minpaths as required by other bounds. The performance of the algorithm is compared with the first two Bonferroni bounds, for networks where all mincuts could be calculated. The results show that the proposed approach is computationally feasible and reasonably accurate. Thus allowing one to obtain bounds when it not possible to enumerate all mincuts or all minpaths.
The great diversity in the architecture of biomedical devices, coupled with their different communication protocols, has hindered the implementation of systems that need access to these devices. Given these difference...
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The great diversity in the architecture of biomedical devices, coupled with their different communication protocols, has hindered the implementation of systems that need access to these devices. Given these differences, arises the need to provide access to such devices in a transparent way. In this sense, this paper proposes an service-oriented architecture to access biomedical devices as a way to abstract the mechanism for writing and reading data on these devices, thus contributing to the increase in quality and productivity of biomedical systems in order to enable that the focus of the development team of biomedical software is almost exclusively intended for its functional requirements, i.e. business rules relevant to the problem domain. For the development of this work, technologies such as the XML language and the Java programming language were used and concepts of Software engineering as Design Patterns. After the proposition of the architecture, tests in order to validate the proposed architecture were performed.
Vehicular networks will play an important role in future smart cities. Connected vehicles will be able to provide entertainment content to their users in order to make traffic situations more enjoyable. However, the a...
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Vehicular networks will play an important role in future smart cities. Connected vehicles will be able to provide entertainment content to their users in order to make traffic situations more enjoyable. However, the amount of bandwidth available to the vehicles may not be enough to satisfy all of them. In this case, we can say that a conflict of interest occurred and then must the solved as fair as possible. In this work, we propose a solution to solve this kind of collective conflict. Our solution balances users' satisfaction with resources consumption as it is capable of choosing the most adequate resolution algorithm based on the current application's situation. The results showed that with our solution it was possible to achieve adequate satisfaction levels, with low response time and controlled network usage.
It is an urgent need to find an objective way to estimate the degree of fatigue of employees. In this study, we designed a monitoring and estimation system for the degree of fatigue. This paper explains a long-term pe...
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It is an urgent need to find an objective way to estimate the degree of fatigue of employees. In this study, we designed a monitoring and estimation system for the degree of fatigue. This paper explains a long-term pedaling experiment that we use it to explore the possibility to use only the time sequence data of head movement during pedaling to estimate the fatigue. While we show the possibility for this through experimental data, it is clear that we need to collect more data to establish an estimation method.
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