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arXiv 2022年

作者： Yazdanpanah, Hamed Silva, Augusto C.M. Guedes, Murilo Morales, Hugo M.P. Coelho, Leandro dos S. Moro, Fernando G. Department of Research Robô Laura PR Curitiba Brazil Department of Computer Science University of São Paulo SP São Paulo Brazil Industrial and Systems Engineering Graduate Program Pontifical Catholic University of Parana PR Curitiba Brazil Electrical Engineering Graduate Program Federal University of Parana PR Curitiba Brazil

Early recognition of clinical deterioration (CD) has vital importance in patients' survival from exacerbation or death. Electronic health records (EHRs) data have been widely employed in Early Warning Scores (EWS) to measure CD risk in hospitalized patients. Recently, EHRs data have been utilized in Machine Learning (ML) models to predict mortality and CD. The ML models have shown superior performance in CD prediction compared to EWS. Since EHRs data are structured and tabular, conventional ML models are generally applied to them, and less effort is put into evaluating the artificial neural network's performance on EHRs data. Thus, in this article, an extremely boosted neural network (XBNet) is used to predict CD, and its performance is compared to eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and random forest (RF) models. For this purpose, 103,105 samples from thirteen Brazilian hospitals are used to generate the models. Moreover, the principal component analysis (PCA) is employed to verify whether it can improve the adopted models' performance. The performance of ML models and Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS), an EWS candidate, are evaluated in CD prediction regarding the accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and geometric mean (G-mean) metrics in a 10-fold cross-validation approach. According to the experiments, the XGBoost model obtained the best results in predicting CD among Brazilian hospitals' data. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Machine learning

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Systolic Array for Parallel Solution of the Robust Kalman Filter Used for Attitude and Position Estimations in UAVs

Systolic Array for Parallel Solution of the Robust Kalman Fi...

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International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)

作者： Leandro José Evilásio Campos Marco Henrique Terra Ricardo Menotti Roberto Santos Inoue Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos SP Brazil Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering São Carlos School of Engineering University of São Paulo São Carlos SP Brazil Department of Computing Federal University of São Carlos

The efficient Kalman filter has been widely used in recent decades to obtain air navigation information in UAVs. However, for a good performance of the Kalman filter, the model that describes the system dynamics must not contain uncertainties. This paper presents the implementation of a robust Kalman filter to estimate the attitude, velocity, and position of UAVs. The robust filter considers uncertainties in the sensor models. A mathematical structure based on the solution of linear systems synthesizes the predictor-corrector robust estimation algorithm. The main contribution of this study is the proposed QR decomposition based on Givens rotation to solve the linear system. The simulated experiments used sensory data collected in Zürich-Switzerland and ground truth referencing attitude, velocity, and position. The offline simulation results express the effectiveness of the robust Kalman filter for this application, with a reduction of up to 18.9% in the estimation error, in relation to the standard Kalman filter. The proposal to use systolic arrays for numerical solutions has shown promise for implementation in parallel processing platforms, such as FPGAs.

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Machine Learning Techniques for Improving Multiclass Anomaly Detection on Conveyor Belts

Machine Learning Techniques for Improving Multiclass Anomaly...

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IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference

作者： Saulo N. Matos Otávio F. Coletti Rafael Zimmer Fernando U. Filho Ricardo C.C. L. de Carvalho Victor R. da Silva Jorge L. Franco Thomas V. B. Pinto Luiz G. D. de Barros Caetano M. Ranieri Bruno E. Lopes Diego F. Silva Jó Ueyama Gustavo Pessin Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Sã o Paulo Brazil São Carlos School of Engineering University of São Paulo Brazil Vale Institute of Technology Ouro Preto Brazil Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Universidade Federal of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Vale SA Vitória Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9798350380903

ISBN: (纸本)9798350380910

Industrial conveyor belt systems are an efficient means of transport due to their adaptability and extension. Nonetheless, such systems are prone to various failures, including but not limited to: idler anomalies; belt tears; and pin misalignment which can cause significant disruptions in the production process. Preemptive maintenance and health monitoring of these conveyor belts is a common practice for avoiding these failures, but a challenging task due to the rarity of comprehensive anomaly detection datasets in the area, with current works aimed at evaluating the belt's immediate condition at fixed points. This study addresses this research gap by comparing multiple machine learning techniques, such as a proposed Hybrid Neural Network (HNN) tailored for classification of multiple anomaly classes, as well as machine learning approaches for time series based on feature extraction, Catch22, Minirocket Arsenal, and Time Series Forest. Our proposed HNN architecture performed better in classifying and distinguishing between different types of anomalies, with an accuracy of 95.55%. The obtained results suggest a promising approach for the area of predictive maintenance for industrial conveyor systems, as well as gives insights on possible improvements on the model and future research.

关键词： Machine learning algorithms Accuracy Time series analysis Machine learning Belts Transformers Feature extraction

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MICROFLUIDIC PLATFORM FOR MULTI-FREQUENCY VISCOELASTIC PHENOTYPING OF SINGLE CELLS 25

MICROFLUIDIC PLATFORM FOR MULTI-FREQUENCY VISCOELASTIC PHENO...

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25th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2021

作者： Lai, Andre Dong, Alan Lustig, Michael Sohn, Lydia L. UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering University of California BerkeleyCA United States Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California BerkeleyCA United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California BerkeleyCA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781733419031

Biomechanics plays an integral role in cancer development and progression. Accurately quantifying the mechanical properties of cells would enable a more comprehensive understanding of cancer, complementing conventional biochemical and genetic analyses. Here, we introduce a microfluidic platform for measuring single cell viscoelasticity at multiple frequencies in a high-throughput and label-free manner. Using the Coulter principal and a unique microfluidic channel geometry, our device records resistance pulses in order to estimate a cell's viscoelastic phenotype. We demonstrate our platform's capabilities by measuring three breast epithelial cell lines. © 2021 MicroTAS 2021 - 25th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biomechanics

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Assistive technology with device for self-inflating bag in neonatology

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Research on Biomedical engineering 2025年第2期41卷

作者： Marcelino, Ana Carolina Rodovanski, Giovana Pascoali Bonetti, Karoline Panes, Caio Rabinovich de Almeida Martins, Fernando Moran, Cristiane Aparecida Araranguá Brazil Graduate Program in Neurosciences and Behavior Department of Experimental Psychology of the Institute of Psychology-University of São Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil Araranguá Brazil Computer Engineering Instituto Mauá de Tecnologia São Caetano do Sul Brazil Electronic Engineering and Computing with Emphasis on Electronic Devices and Systems at Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica–ITA São Caetano do Sul Brazil Department of Physiotheraphy and at the Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Science of the Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFCS Ararangua Brazil

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to create a device with technological development of the self-inflating bag (SIB) equipment to measure the variables tidal volume, peak inspiratory pressure, and inspiratory flow and to evaluate the knowledge of undergraduate students in handling the SIB. To reduce the risks of mortality, length of hospital stay, and infections, SIB is a resource used to ventilate the patient through the inflation of the device, but it is not capable of measuring the ventilatory parameters. Excess ventilation and incorrect handling of the bag can cause lung injury in newborns. Therefore, measuring these parameters can prevent lung injury resulting from inadequate ventilation. Method: This is a cross-sectional and experimental study, with the development of a device SIB that allows the evaluation of variables of neonatal respiratory mechanics that were tested with an artificial lung. It was approved by the Research Ethics Committee and the research was developed in three stages: the first represents the search for scientific articles for the consensus of neonatal ventilatory variables for the construction of the SIB parameters;the second stage depicts the technological development of a device capable of monitoring such variables through the SIB. In the third stage, the content validation of the device with the handling of the SIB was carried out by students of medicine and physiotherapy courses of Brazil. Results: In this work, a device that analyzes the values of the main ventilatory parameters in neonatology was developed and to generate a safety range for the use of the device, curves with a tolerance of 10% up and down were created. All electronic components were coupled to the equipment, with a display that transmits the parameter values. The web page can be used on a cell phone, tablet, computer, or SmartTv, as long as it is connected to the "RespiratorIoT_AP" network. Among the 29 participants in the study, 8 said they were familiar w

关键词： Students

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Non-Hermitian selective thermal emitter for thermophotovoltaics

Non-Hermitian selective thermal emitter for thermophotovolta...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Ciril S. Prasad Samuel C. Raphaelson Gururaj V. Naik Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston TX USA

Selective thermal emitters can boost the efficiency of heat-to-electricity conversion in thermophotovoltaic systems only if their spectral selectivity is high. We demonstrate a non-Hermitian metasurface-based selectiv... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Emissivity Light intensity Optical constants Silicon Temperature Thermal emission

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Ambient Cardiovascular Monitoring with Metamaterial Textile Sensors

Ambient Cardiovascular Monitoring with Metamaterial Textile ...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Dat T. Nguyen Qihang Zeng Xi Tian John S. Ho Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program National University of Singapore Graduate School Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore SIA-NUS Digital Aviation Corporate Laboratory and the Institute for Health Innovation and Technology National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Health Innovation and Technology N.1 Institute for Health at the National University of Singapore Singapore

Contactless sensors embedded in the ambient environment have broad applications in unobtrusive, long-term health monitoring for preventative and personalized healthcare. Microwave radar sensors are an attractive candidate for ambient sensing due to their high sensitivity to physiological motions, ability to penetrate through obstacles and privacy-preserving properties, but practical applications in complex real-world environments have been limited because of challenges associated with background clutter and interference. In this work, we propose a thin and soft textile sensor based on microwave metamaterials that can be easily integrated into ordinary furniture for contactless ambient monitoring of multiple cardiovascular signals in a localized manner. Evaluations of our sensor’s performance in human subjects show high accuracy of heartbeat and arterial pulse detection, with ≥ 96.5% sensitivity and < 5% mean absolute relative error (MARE) across all subjects. We demonstrate our sensor’s utility for cuffless blood pressure monitoring on a human subject over a continuous 10-minute period. Our results highlight the potential of metamaterial textile sensors in ambient health and wellness monitoring *** relevance—The contactless metamaterial textile sensors demonstrated in this paper provide unobtrusive, convenient and long-term monitoring of multiple cardiovascular health metrics, including heart rate, pulse rate and cuffless blood pressure, which can facilitate preventative and personalized healthcare.

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Deep-Hand: A Deep Inference Vision Approach of Recognizing a Hand Sign Language using American Alphabet 2

Deep-Hand: A Deep Inference Vision Approach of Recognizing a...

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2nd IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Knowledge Economy, ICCIKE 2021

作者： Alon, Helcy D. Ligayo, Michael Angelo D. Melegrito, Mark P. Franco Cunanan, Christopher Uy Ii, Edgar E. Technological Institute of the Philippines Graduate Program Manila Philippines Quezon City University Department of Electronics Engineering Quezon City Philippines Technological University of the Philippines Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Manila Philippines Polytechnic University of the Philippines Department of Computer Engineering Philippines Bohol Island State University College of Engineering and Architecture Tagbilaran Philippines

ISBN: (纸本)9781665429214

Sign-Language is to help people with hearing or speaking disabilities who are not able to communicate well with other people. Communicating with deaf people is a challenge for some speakers and people who do not know sign language. What the study proposed is to help people with such disabilities using the American Sign-Language with the corresponding hand gesture. Deaf individuals will be able to communicate or interact with other people conveniently. The study proposed hand gesture or hand sign language detection trained by using the YOLOv3 algorithm that aims to detect hand gestures or hand sign language that can recognize its equivalent letter alphabet. The study tools such as LabelImg for annotating the data set, categorizing each image of hand gestures based on their equivalent letter alphabet. In this study, Model 18 with 95.1804% training accuracy, 90.8242% validation accuracy, and mAP of 0.8275 is used for the final testing. As video with different hand gestures is presented, the results of every hand gesture detected range over 90%. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Object detection

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Top-Down Fabrication of Diamond Nanostructures

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Biswas, Abhijit Li, Chenxi Pieshkov, Tymofii Mei, Zhaobo Xu, Mingfei Li, Tao Murukeshan, Jishnu Vajtai, Robert Zhao, Yuji Ajayan, Pulickel M. Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Diamond nanostructures can have exciting applications in electronics and thermal management, but their controlled fabrication can be challenging. Here, we present a top-down approach for the fabrication of diamond nanorod (DNR) clusters, via use of metal masks (Al, Ag, Au, and Cr) and reactive-ion etching (RIE). Prolonged RIE on Ag and Cr masks yields distinct etching profiles, and DNR clusters are selectively formed from Ag masks, with individual nanorods having dimensions of ~100 nm diameter and ~1.5 µm length. Detailed electron microscopy shows thin layer of amorphous carbon (a-C) around single crystalline DNR cores. Chemical analyses also show presence of oxygen on the surface of the DNRs. Fabrication of the DNR clusters with scalable top-down approach could lead to new nanodiamond-based applications. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanorods

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Low-Resource Speech Synthesis with Speaker-Aware Embedding

Low-Resource Speech Synthesis with Speaker-Aware Embedding

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International Symposium on Chinese Spoken Language Processing

作者： Li-Jen Yang I-Ping Yeh Jen-Tzung Chien Institute of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taiwan Graduate Degree Program of Cybersecurity National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350397970

Speech synthesis has been successfully exploited for mapping from text sequence to speech waveform where high-resource languages have been well studied and learned from a large amount of text-speech paired data in public-domain corpora. However, developing speech synthesis under low-resource languages is challenging for speech communication in local regions since the collection of training data is expensive. In particular, the speaker-aware speech generation under low-resource settings is crucial in real world. Such a problem is increasingly difficult in case of very limited speaker-specific data. This paper presents a speaker-aware speech synthesis under low-resource settings based on an encoder-decoder framework by using transformer. Knowledge transfer is performed by incorporating a speaker-aware embedding through first learning a pretrained transformer from multi-speaker data of a low-populated spoken language and then fine-tuning the transformer to a target speaker with very limited speaker-specific embeddings. Experiments on low-resource Taiwanese speech synthesis are evaluated to show the merit of speaker-aware transformer in terms of Mel cepstral distortion and mean opinion score.

关键词： Vocoders Synthesizers Training data Process control Oral communication Transformers Distortion

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