Background: Recent studies have reported that air pollution is related to kidney diseases. However, the global evidence on the risk of death from acute kidney injury (AKI) owing to air pollution is limited. Therefore,...
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Controlling and guiding optical spins and pseudospins over an interface is of great importance in the emerging fields of spintronics and valleytronics, holding the promise for new degrees of freedom in the quest for e...
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Controlling and guiding optical spins and pseudospins over an interface is of great importance in the emerging fields of spintronics and valleytronics, holding the promise for new degrees of freedom in the quest for efficient information transport. Here we explore the general possibilities offered by metasurfaces to route optical momentum, spin and helicity through surface waves. We show how anisotropy and bianisotropy can be engineered to impart extreme directionality to local spin excitations. While most previous works have focused on out-of-plane spins, in-plane excitations have become particularly important for valleytronic applications relying on two-dimensional materials, and they offer specific challenges addressed here with suitably engineered nonlocality in metasurfaces.
Abrupt time variations of the properties of optical materials have been at the center of intense research efforts in recent years, with the prospect of enabling extreme wave transformations and of leveraging time as a...
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Distinguishers have been used in Supervisory Control Theory (SCT) of Discrete Event Systems, as a way to simplify modeling tasks. Approximations complement this approach with an alternative to also reduce synthesis ef...
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The search for reliable protein biomarker candidates is critical for early disease detection and treatment. However, current immunoassay technologies are failing to meet increasing demands for sensitivity and multiple...
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Recently-demonstrated high-quality three-dimensional (3D) subsurface laser processing inside crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafers opens a door to a wide range of novel applications in multidisciplinary research areas. Us...
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We explored THz emission from $\mathrm{Si}^{2} / \mathrm{SiO}_{2} / / \mathrm{Ta} / \mathrm{Fe} / \mathrm{Ru} /$ $\mathrm{Ni} / \mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ spintronic emitters. We tuned magnetization alignment of ...
We explored THz emission from $\mathrm{Si}^{2} / \mathrm{SiO}_{2} / / \mathrm{Ta} / \mathrm{Fe} / \mathrm{Ru} /$ $\mathrm{Ni} / \mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}$ spintronic emitters. We tuned magnetization alignment of Fe and Ni layers by varying the interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) strength using a range of Ru layer thickness t. Depending on IEC strength, magnetization hysteresis shows either ferromagnetic $(t=1.1 \mathrm{~nm}, 1.5 \mathrm{~nm})$, antiferromagnetic $(t=1.3 \mathrm{~nm})$ or canted $(t=1.7 \mathrm{~nm}, 1.9 \mathrm{~nm})$ relative alignment. Competition between IEC and an external magnetic field results in a dramatic difference in THz emission from the ferromagnetically (FM) and anti-ferromagnetically (AFM) coupled structures. The resulting THz emission from IEC structures is a result of an interference of THz transiens generated by the individual $\mathrm{Fe} / \mathrm{Ru}$ and $\mathrm{Ru} / \mathrm{Ni}$ emitters.
Traditionally, for the purpose of classifying the integrity of an engineering structure, one may use the information of the natural frequencies or mode shapes or some other measures derived from the two. In this resea...
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Traditionally, for the purpose of classifying the integrity of an engineering structure, one may use the information of the natural frequencies or mode shapes or some other measures derived from the two. In this research, we propose a classification method on the basis of the general vibration model. The general vibration model is essentially a set of differential equations describing the dynamics of the structure under consideration. For the purpose of damage detection, a deviation of the general vibration model from the dynamic equilibrium point marks the occurrence of the damage. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, we study two simplest dynamical systems consisting of one- and two-concentrated masses subjected to a prescribed dynamic load. The structural damages are introduced artificially by reducing the stiffness of spring in the structures. We find that the general vibration model is more sensitive to damages than the traditional methods.
Video coding requires a massive computational effort leading to large power dissipation and energy consumption. Thus, energy efficiency becomes a significant concern especially under limited energy resources such as i...
Video coding requires a massive computational effort leading to large power dissipation and energy consumption. Thus, energy efficiency becomes a significant concern especially under limited energy resources such as in mobile devices. Approximate computing is a promising technique to improve energy efficiency. Therefore, this work presents a new approximate subtractor operator to be used in video coding hardware accelerators. The proposed subtractor reduces power of a Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD) hardware accelerator on approximately 10.39% (on average of different videos) when compared to the use of the subtractor from the synthesis tool. It also presents a power reduction of 18.13% when compared to state-of-the-art approximate adder.
Global warming due to excessive emission greenhouse gases is a significant issue faced by humanity, and collectively, cars and trucks contribute about 20% to the entire global-warming gases. For a reason, recently, ma...
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Global warming due to excessive emission greenhouse gases is a significant issue faced by humanity, and collectively, cars and trucks contribute about 20% to the entire global-warming gases. For a reason, recently, many attempts have been endured to reduce the emission and to increase fuel efficiency, including vehicle platooning, better driving strategy, and increasing engine efficiency. This study intends to provide a more detail assessment regarding the effects of the driving strategy to fuel consumption. For the purpose, the vehicle dynamics are quantified by employing the car-following model based on the optimal velocity model. The fuel consumption is estimated from the regression model of Ahn 18 . The result suggests that the braking distance strongly affects fuel consumption.
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