Hyper-Kamiokande is the next generation underground water Cherenkov detector that builds on the highly successful Super-Kamiokande experiment. The detector which has an 8.4 times larger effective volume than its prede...
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Summary Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea in...
Summary Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood *** We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor *** The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1-65·8), 17·4% (7·7-28·4), and 59·5% (34·2-86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy *** By co-analysing geospatial trends in d
Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expan...
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Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R package (BioTIMEr) to facilitate use of the database. Main Types of Variables Included The database is composed of one main data table containing the abundance records and 11 metadata tables. The data are organised in a hierarchy of scales where 11,989,233 records are nested in 1,603,067 sample events, from 553,253 sampling locations, which are nested in 708 studies. A study is defined as a sampling methodology applied to an assemblage for a minimum of 2 years. Spatial Location and Grain Sampling locations in BioTIME are distributed across the planet, including marine, terrestrial and freshwater realms. Spatial grain size and extent vary across studies depending on sampling methodology. We recommend gridding of sampling locations into areas of consistent size. Time Period and Grain The earliest time series in BioTIME start in 1874, and the most recent records are from 2023. Temporal grain and duration vary across studies. We recommend doing sample-level rarefaction to ensure consistent sampling effort through time before calculating any diversity metric. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The database includes any eukaryotic taxa, with a combined total of 56,400 taxa. Software Format csv and. SQL.
Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. Thi...
Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). Findings: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1–38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78–0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91–1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95–1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58–35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49–42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05–0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was
Managing UCONabc policies in modern distributed computing systems is a challenge for traditional approaches. The provisioning model has trouble to keep track and to synchronize large numbers of distributed policies, o...
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The development of information and communication technology at this time has touched all sides of life. Almost no side of human life is not touched by this information technology, which is more synonymous with the wor...
The development of information and communication technology at this time has touched all sides of life. Almost no side of human life is not touched by this information technology, which is more synonymous with the world of computerization. No exception also with the computerization that is popular in the corporate environment and government agencies. If in ancient times everything was still done manually. However, at this time all leaders and management have realized the importance of this information technology products that can facilitate them in carrying out the day-to-day corporate functions. Decision Making System of goods purchasing is one of the determinants of the accumulation of goods. If the decision is taken right then stockpiling of goods can be avoided. In this thesis the authors designed a web-based system that helps Management in making the decision of the purchase amount of goods. the system was developed by using Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 and using SQL Server database processing applications. The end result of system design is expected to help minimize the accumulation of goods.
This paper was retracted by IOP Publishing on 12 December 2018. This paper was published due to a technical error and was not intended to be included in this journal. Retraction published: 8 February 2019
This paper was retracted by IOP Publishing on 12 December 2018. This paper was published due to a technical error and was not intended to be included in this journal. Retraction published: 8 February 2019
This paper presents an iterative process based on Distributed Constraint Optimization (I-DCOP), to solve train classification problems. The input of the I-DCOP is the train classification problem modelled as a DCOP, n...
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This paper presents an iterative process based on Distributed Constraint Optimization (I-DCOP), to solve train classification problems. The input of the I-DCOP is the train classification problem modelled as a DCOP, named Optimization Model for Train Classification (OMTC). OMTC generates a feasible schedule for a train classification problem defined by the inbound trains, the total of outbound trains and the cars assigned to them. The expected result, named feasible schedule, leads to the correct formation of the outbound trains, based on the order criteria defined. The OMTC also minimizes the schedule execution time and the total number of roll-ins (operation executed on cars, sometimes charged by the yards). I-DCOP extends the OMTC including the constraints of limited amount of classification tracks ant their capacity. However, these constraints are included iteratively by adding domain restrictions on the OMTC. Both OMTC and I-DCOP have been measured using scenarios based on real yard data. OMTC has generated optimal and feasible schedules to the scenarios, optimizing the total number of roll-ins. I-DCOP solved more complex scenarios, providing sub-optimal solutions. The experiments have shown that distributed constraint optimization problems can include additional constraints based on interactively defined domain.
By performing spatially resolved Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy with different illumination conditions, we have achieved a unified understanding towards the spectroscopy signatures of the organic-inorganic h...
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By performing spatially resolved Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy with different illumination conditions, we have achieved a unified understanding towards the spectroscopy signatures of the organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite, transforming from the pristine state (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 or MAPbI 3 ) to fully degraded state (i.e., PbI 2 ), for samples with varying crystalline domain size from mesoscopic scale to macroscopic size, synthesized by three different techniques.
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