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It's about time: Feeding competition costs of sociality are affected more by temporal characteristics than spatial distribution

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Ecology and Evolution 2024年第4期14卷 e11209页

作者： Ekanayake-Weber, Marcy Mathew, Namita Cunha, Deanna Payen, Nathanael Grimm, Volker Koenig, Andreas Department of Anthropology Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY United States Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY United States Department of Computer Science Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY United States Department of Ecological Modeling Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Leipzig Germany Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY United States

For most herbivorous animals, group-living appears to incur a high cost by intensifying feeding competition. These costs raise the question of how gregariousness (i.e., the tendency to aggregate) could have evolved to such an extent in taxa such as anthropoid primates and ungulates. When attempting to test the potential benefits and costs, previous foraging models demonstrated that group-living might be beneficial by lowering variance in intake, but that it reduces overall foraging success. However, these models did not fully account for the fact that gregariousness has multiple experiences and can vary in relation to ecological variables and foraging competition. Here, we present an agent-based model for testing how ecological variables impact the costs and benefits of gregariousness. In our simulations, primate-like agents forage on a variable resource landscape while maintaining spatial cohesion with conspecifics to varying degrees. The agents' energy intake rate, daily distance traveled, and variance in energy intake were recorded. Using Morris Elementary Effects sensitivity analysis, we tested the sensitivity of 10 model parameters, of which 2 controlled gregarious behavior and 8 controlled food resources, including multiple aspects of temporal and spatial heterogeneity. We found that, while gregariousness generally increased feeding competition, the costs of gregariousness were much lower when resources were less variable over time (i.e., when calorie extraction was slow and resource renewal was frequent). We also found that maintaining proximity to other agents resulted in lower variance in energy intake when resources were more variable over time. Thus, it appears that the costs and benefits of gregariousness are strongly influenced by the temporal characteristics of food resources, giving insight into the pressures that shaped the evolution of sociality and group living, including in our own lineage. © 2024 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by Jo

关键词： agent-based model foraging group living resource availability resource distribution resource quality

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Prioritizing Strategies for Building the Resilience of Public Health Systems to Disasters Across Multiple Communities and Countries

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 1-17页

作者： Benjamin J.Ryan Mayumi Kako Shelby Garner Rok Fink Ismail Tayfur Jonathan Abrahams Sanjaya Bhatia Adriana Campelo Matthew Fendt Alicia Fontenot Nahuel Arenas Garcia Tim Hatch Ryoma Kayano LaShonda Malrey‑Horne Makiko MacDermot Md Moshiur Rahman Chaverle Noel Shuhei Nomura Jeremy P.Novak Maria Opazo Kendell Oliver Luciana Peters Sohel Rahman PerihanŞimşek Andrew Stricklin Raymond Swienton Bryan W.Brooks Frist College of Medicine Belmont UniversityNashvilleTN 37212USA Department of Environmental Science Environmental Health Science ProgramCollege of Arts and SciencesBaylor UniversityWacoTX 76798USA Division of Nursing Science School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshima 734-8553Japan Gordon E.Inman College of Health Sciences and Nursing Belmont UniversityNashvilleTN 37212USA Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ljubljana1000 LjubljanaSlovenia Department of Emergency Medicine University of Health Sciences34668 IstanbulTurkey Monash University Accident Research Center MelbourneVIC 3800Australia Global Education and Training Institute United Nations Ofce for Disaster Risk ReductionIncheon 22004Republic of Korea Regional Ofce for the Americas and Caribbean United Nations Ofce for Disaster Risk ReductionPanama City 0843-03441Panama Engineering and Computer Science Baylor UniversityWacoTX 76798USA Department of Public Health Robbins College of Health and Human SciencesBaylor UniversityWacoTX 76798USA Alabama Department of Public Health MontgomeryAL 36092USA World Health Organization Centre for Health Development(WHO Kobe Centre) Kobe 651-0073Japan Waco-McLennan County Public Health District WacoTX 76707USA Department of Health Policy and Management School of MedicineKeio UniversityTokyo 160-8582Japan Department of Global Health Policy Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-0033Japan Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research Tokyo 106-6234Japan Global Development College BrisbaneQLD 4000Australia Municipality of Pudahuel 13124 PudahuelChile City Hall of Porto Alegre Porto Alegre 90010-170Brazil Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of the People’s Republic of BangladeshDhaka 1000Bangladesh Department of Emergency Aid and Disaster Management Trabzon University61335 TrabzonTurkey Department of Emergency Medicine UT SouthwesternDallasTX 75390USA

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the urgent need to strengthen public health *** response,the United Nations Disaster Risk Reduction(UNDRR) Public Health System Resilience Scorecard(Scorecard) was applied in workshops across multiple *** aim of our research was to explore the workshop findings to develop priority strategies for strengthening public health system *** conducted a workshop from 14 to 16 March 2023,at the UNDRR Global Education and Training Institute in Incheon,Republic of Korea.A sequential modified Delphi method was utilized to develop a set of prioritized resilience *** were drawn from 70 strategies identified from 13 distinct workshops in eight *** two surveys,23 strategies were *** received ratings of "High" or Very High" from89% of *** related to the inclusion of public health risks in emergency plans,integrating multidisciplinary teams into public health,enabling local transport mechanisms,and improving the ability to manage an influx of *** Scorecard provides an adaptable framework to identify and prioritize strategies for strengthening public health system *** leveraging this methodology,our study demonstrated how resilience strategies could inform disaster risk reduction funding,policies,and actions.

关键词： Health system resilience Public policy Resilience scorecard Workshops

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Learner Action Patterns in the Problem-Solving Process Related to program Code Composition Based on Tracking System Activities

Learner Action Patterns in the Problem-Solving Process Relat...

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International Conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC)

作者： Aulia Akhrian Syahidi Ahmad Afif Supianto Tsukasa Hirashima Yutaka Watanobe Smart City Information System Applied Undergraduate Program Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin Banjarmasin City Indonesia Research Center for Data and Information Sciences National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) Bandung City Indonesia Learning Engineering Laboratory Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Kagamiyama Higashihiroshima Japan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Division of Information Systems University of Aizu Aizu-Wakamatsu City Fukushima Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345728

Learning activities are an indicator of the learner's desire to learn during the learning process. The pattern of learner action is related to learning activities. In this case, in extracting the learning process, it is necessary to collect a lot of data through analysis of the learning process. The purpose of this study is to recommend and report the performance of an activity tracking system equipped with visual artifacts as an educational data mining approach to analyze action patterns when learners complete the arrangement of program code lines in each programming problem. In this study, data were taken from activity recordings when learners used interactive learning media for a basic programming subject called TOLSYASUPI-EduMed which had problem-solving learning models embedded in their interactions. Learning Analytics is used as a method of this research and data relationships from learner actions during the learning process using the “if-then” rule. Log data is used for recording and detecting activities carried out by learners. We confirm that the results of the study are based on the findings of the data relationship that if the lines of program code are too long (more than five lines) then almost all learners experience a bottleneck condition. The completion time of each question and the number of iterations in completing the program code lines for each question have also been recorded and have a pattern of connection between the data. The information that has been obtained is then forwarded to teachers or stakeholders as key information to make appropriate feedback to learners based on the results as a means of analyzing and evaluating the programming learning process.

关键词： Visualization Codes Media Data models Recording Data mining Problem-solving

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Real-time organ motion tracking and fast image registration system for MRI-guided surgery

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Systems and computers in Japan 2006年第1期37卷 83-92页

作者： Tokuda, Junichi Hirano, Masaya Tsukamoto, Tetsuji Dohi, Takeyoshi Hata, Nobuhiko Graduate School of Information Science and Technology University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan GE Yokogawa Medical Systems Ltd. Hino 191-8503 Japan International Society for Computer-Aided Surgery Japan Society for Computer-Aided Surgery Japan Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine GE Yokogawa Medical Systems Ltd. Imaging Application Tech. Center MR Group R and D Laboratory Technology Center GE Yokogawa Medical Systems Ltd. Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Society for Life Support Technology Japan Society for Organ Preservation Biology and Medicine Society for Precision Engineering Society for Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention International Union for Physics and Engineering Sciences in Medicine JSMEBE Japan Society for Life Assistance Technology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School MR Therapy Program

The advantage of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided surgery, in which MR images taken during surgery are used to guide the surgery, has been recognized recently. However, there is a problem, due to long imaging time of MRI, that it is difficult to capture the respiratory organ motion. It is often a constraint that the patient must hold his or her breath, especially in the treatment of the abdominal region. Consequently, this paper proposes a method of eliminating this constraint in MRI-guided surgery by real-time monitoring of the movement of the organ involved in the surgery by means of the signal derived from MRI. Specifically, the navigator echo is extracted in imaging during surgery. The movement of the organ involved in surgery is detected on the basis of the change in the calculated projection profile, and the results are presented to the surgeon. In this study, the procedure is built into a 1.5-T clinical MRI system. The feasibility of the proposed system was examined under clinical conditions by evaluating its accuracy and delay in a phantom experiment, and also in an in vivo experiment on the liver of a volunteer. The results are reported in this paper. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： Motion estimation

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Identification of D- and L-Phenylalanine Enantiomeric Mixtures by Employing Deep Neural Network Models

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Nigdelioglu, Ebru Toprak, Elif Guney Akkurt, Melike Erol Barkana, Duygun Kazanci, Murat Uyaver, Sahin Calik, Nurullah Istanbul Medeniyet University Nanoscience and Nanoengineering Program Graduate School Istanbul Medeniyet University Istanbul34700 Turkey Istanbul Medeniyet University School of Engineering and Natural Sciences Department of Biomedical Engineering Istanbul Turkey Istanbul34700 Turkey Yeditepe University Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Kayışdagı Istanbul34755 Turkey Marmara University Faculty of Technology Department of Computer Engineering Maltepe Istanbul34854 Turkey

Phenylalanine is an aromatic essential amino acid that exhibits the tendency to self-aggregate into fibrillar structures in its enantiomerically pure form. This observation was indicated as the underlying mechanism of phenylketonuria, which is a genetic condition associated with various neurological, physical, and developmental issues, characterized with phenylalanine buildup in the brain. The presence of D-phenylalanine was demonstrated previously to inhibit the formation of fibrils by L-phenlyalanine, indicating its potential use in phenylketonuria treatment. In this study, several combinations of D and L-phenylalanine were examined with the help of state-of-the-art deep learning methods for their fibril forming capacity, demonstrating the usefulness and accuracy of deep learning methods in distinguishing between different self-assembled structures. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Self assembly

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Direct Visualization of a Disorder Driven Electronic Smectic Phase in Dirac Nodal Line Semimetal GdSbTe

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Venkatesan, Balaji Guan, Syu-You Chang, Jen-Te Chiu, Shiang-Bin Yang, Po-Yuan Su, Chih-Chuan Chang, Tay-Rong Raju, Kalaivanan Sankar, Raman Fongchaiya, Somboon Chu, Ming-Wen Chang, Chia-Seng Chang, Guoqing Lin, Hsin Del Maestro, Adrian Kao, Ying-Jer Chuang, Tien-Ming Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Nano Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica National Taiwan University Taipei11529 Taiwan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Physics National Cheng-Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Center for Condensed Matter Sciences National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States Institute for Advanced Materials & Manufacturing University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States Min H. Kao Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996 United States Center for Quantum Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei10607 Taiwan

Electronic liquid crystal (ELC) phases are spontaneous symmetry breaking states believed to arise from strong electron correlation in quantum materials such as cuprates and iron pnictides. Here, we report a direct observation of a smectic phase in a weakly correlated Dirac nodal line (DNL) semimetal GdSbxTe2-x. Incommensurate smectic charge modulation and intense local unidirectional nanostructure are visualized by using spectroscopic imaging - scanning tunneling microscopy. As topological materials with symmetry protected Dirac or Weyl fermions are mostly weakly correlated, the discovery of such an ELC phase are anomalous and raise questions on the origin of their emergence. Specifically, we demonstrate how chemical substitution generates these symmetry breaking phases before the system undergoes a charge density wave (CDW) - orthorhombic structural transition. Our results highlight the importance of impurities in realizing ELC phases and present a new material platform for exploring the interplay among quenched disorder, topology and electron correlation. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Charge density waves

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Structural analysis based on unsupervised learning: Search for a characteristic low-dimensional space by local structures in atomistic simulations

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Physical Review B 2022年第7期105卷 075107-075107页

作者： Ryo Tamura Momo Matsuda Jianbo Lin Yasunori Futamura Tetsuya Sakurai Tsuyoshi Miyazaki International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo Chiba 277-8568 Japan Department of Computer Science University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8573 Japan Center for Artificial Intelligence University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8573 Japan Master's/Doctoral Program in Life Science Innovation University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8577 Japan

Owing to the advances in computational techniques and the increase in computational power, atomistic simulations of materials can simulate large systems with higher accuracy. Complex phenomena can be observed in such state-of-the-art atomistic simulations. However, it has become increasingly difficult to understand what is actually happening and mechanisms, for example, in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We propose an unsupervised machine learning method to analyze the local structure around a target atom. The proposed method, which uses the two-step locality preserving projections (TS-LPP), can find a low-dimensional space wherein the distributions of data points for each atom or groups of atoms can be properly captured. We demonstrate that the method is effective for analyzing the MD simulations of crystalline, liquid, and amorphous states and the melt-quench process from the perspective of local structures. The proposed method is demonstrated on a silicon single-component system, a silicon-germanium binary system, and a copper single-component system.

关键词： Amorphous materials Machine learning Molecular dynamics

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Measurement of Water Diffusion Coefficient in Cross-Linked Gelatins Using the Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy Technique

Measurement of Water Diffusion Coefficient in Cross-Linked G...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： D. Walden D. Chakraborty J. Cheng A. Straksys A. Stirke W. CMA Melo A. Jukna I. Komissarov Roman Sobolewski Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Materials Science Graduate Program University of Rochester Rochester New York USA State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences & Technology Vilnius Lithuania Department of Physics Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Vilnius Lithuania Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester Rochester New York USA

A novel method has been developed to evaluate the water diffusion dynamics in gelatin-based gels, based on transient terahertz time-domain spectroscopy measurements. Such gels are widely used models for human skin.

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369311

关键词： Spectroscopy Measurement by laser beam Lasers and electrooptics Laser modes Skin Time-domain analysis Transient analysis Electro-optical waveguides

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Wildlife-microbiome interactions and disease: exploring opportunities for disease mitigation across ecological scales

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Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models 2018年 28卷 105-115页

作者： Williams, Candace L. Caraballo-Rodríguez, Andrés Mauricio Allaband, Celeste Zarrinpar, Amir Knight, Rob Gauglitz, Julia M. Institute for Conservation Research San Diego Zoo Global United States Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of California La Jolla San Diego 92307 CA United States Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program University of California La Jolla San Diego 92307 CA United States Department of Medicine University of California La Jolla San Diego 92307 CA United States Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System San Diego California University of California La Jolla San Diego 92307 CA United States Department of Pediatrics University of California La Jolla San Diego 92037 CA United States Department of Bioengineering University of California La Jolla San Diego 92093 CA United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California La Jolla San Diego 92093 CA United States Center for Microbiome Innovation University of California La Jolla San Diego 92307 CA United States

Captive wildlife are a unique set of animals, whose diverse host–microbe symbioses are underexplored. Compared to their wild counterparts they are particularly susceptible to a variety of diseases, many of which have explicit or purported links to the microbiome. In this perspective, we will examine how the microbiome influences gastrointestinal disorders, metabolic dysregulation, reproduction, and disease susceptibility in captive wildlife. Investigation of wildlife, and specifically captive wildlife, affords a unique opportunity to gain understanding of the broad diversity of the associated microbiota and learn from nature's molecular and microbial responses to disease. Studies like these could lead to the discovery of new interventions, ranging from dietary changes to the use of microbes or their natural products as treatment. Intervention strategies can lead to the discovery of medically relevant small molecules and the development of a novel platform for N-of-1 targeted medical investigations. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

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A Step Towards a Reinforcement Learning De Novo Genome Assembler

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： Padovani, Kleber Xavier, Roberto Carvalho, André Reali, Anna Chateau, Annie Alves, Ronnie Federal University of Pará Computer Science Graduate Program Belém66.075-110 Brazil University of the State of Amazonas Itacoatiara-AM 69.101-416 Brazil Vale Technology Institute Sustainable Development Belém66.055-090 Brazil Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences University of São Paulo São Carlos-SP 13566-590 Brazil Polytechnic School University of São Paulo São Paulo-SP 05508-010 Brazil LIRMM-Montpellier Laboratory of Informatics Robotics and Microelectronics Univ Montpellier CNRS Montpellier France

Genome assembly is one of the most relevant and computationally complex tasks in genomics projects. It aims to reconstruct a genome through the analysis of several small textual fragments of such genome — named reads. Ideally, besides ignoring any errors contained in reads, the reconstructed genome should also optimally combine these reads, thus reaching the original genome. The quality of the genome assembly is relevant because the more reliable the genomes, the more accurate the understanding of the characteristics and functions of living beings, and it allows generating many positive impacts on society, including the prevention and treatment of diseases. The assembly becomes even more complex (and it is termed de novo in this case) when the assembler software is not supplied with a similar genome to be used as a reference. Current assemblers have predominantly used heuristic strategies on computational graphs. Despite being widely used in genomics projects, there is still no irrefutably best assembler for any genome, and the proper choice of these assemblers and their configurations depends on Bioinformatics experts. The use of reinforcement learning has proven to be very promising for solving complex activities without human supervision during their learning process. However, their successful applications are predominantly focused on fictional and entertainment problems - such as games. Based on the above, this work aims to shed light on the application of reinforcement learning to solve this relevant real-world problem, the genome assembly. By expanding the only approach found in the literature that addresses this problem, we carefully explored the aspects of intelligent agent learning, performed by the Q-learning algorithm, to understand its suitability to be applied in scenarios whose characteristics are more similar to those faced by real genome projects. The improvements proposed here include changing the previously proposed reward system and including stat

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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