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Comparison of Polarized Radiative Transfer Codes Used by the EHT Collaboration

The Astrophysical Journal 2023年第1期950卷 35-35页

作者： Ben S. Prather Jason Dexter Monika Moscibrodzka Hung-Yi Pu Thomas Bronzwaer Jordy Davelaar Ziri Younsi Charles F. Gammie Roman Gold George N. Wong Kazunori Akiyama Antxon Alberdi Walter Alef Juan Carlos Algaba Richard Anantua Keiichi Asada Rebecca Azulay Uwe Bach Anne-Kathrin Baczko David Ball Mislav Baloković John Barrett Michi Bauböck Bradford A. Benson Dan Bintley Lindy Blackburn Raymond Blundell Katherine L. Bouman Geoffrey C. Bower Hope Boyce Michael Bremer Christiaan D. Brinkerink Roger Brissenden Silke Britzen Avery E. Broderick Dominique Broguiere Sandra Bustamante Do-Young Byun John E. Carlstrom Chiara Ceccobello Andrew Chael Chi-kwan Chan Dominic O. Chang Koushik Chatterjee Shami Chatterjee Ming-Tang Chen Yongjun Chen Xiaopeng Cheng Ilje Cho Pierre Christian Nicholas S. Conroy John E. Conway James M. Cordes Thomas M. Crawford Geoffrey B. Crew Alejandro Cruz-Osorio Yuzhu Cui Mariafelicia De Laurentis Roger Deane Jessica Dempsey Gregory Desvignes Vedant Dhruv Sheperd S. Doeleman Sean Dougal Sergio A. Dzib Ralph P. Eatough Razieh Emami Heino Falcke Joseph Farah Vincent L. Fish Ed Fomalont H. Alyson Ford Raquel Fraga-Encinas William T. Freeman Per Friberg Christian M. Fromm Antonio Fuentes Peter Galison Roberto García Olivier Gentaz Boris Georgiev Ciriaco Goddi Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz José L. Gómez Minfeng Gu Mark Gurwell Kazuhiro Hada Daryl Haggard Kari Haworth Michael H. Hecht Ronald Hesper Dirk Heumann Luis C. Ho Paul Ho Mareki Honma Chih-Wei L. Huang Lei Huang David H. Hughes Shiro Ikeda C. M. Violette Impellizzeri Makoto Inoue Sara Issaoun David J. James Buell T. Jannuzi Michael Janssen Britton Jeter Wu Jiang Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales Michael D. Johnson Svetlana Jorstad Abhishek V. Joshi Taehyun Jung Mansour Karami Ramesh Karuppusamy Tomohisa Kawashima Garrett K. Keating Mark Kettenis Dong-Jin Kim Jae-Young Kim Jongsoo Kim Junhan Kim Motoki Kino Jun Yi Koay Prashant Kocherlakota Yutaro Kofuji Shoko Koyama Carsten Kramer Michael Kramer Thomas P. Krichbaum Cheng-Yu Kuo Noemi La Bella Tod R. Lauer Daeyoung L CCS-2 Los Alamos National Laboratory P.O. Box 1663 Los Alamos NM 87545 USA bprather@lanl.gov JILA and Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands Department of Physics National Taiwan Normal University No. 88 Sec.4 Tingzhou Road Taipei 116 Taiwan R.O.C. Center of Astronomy and Gravitation National Taiwan Normal University No. 88 Sec. 4 Tingzhou Road Taipei 116 Taiwan R.O.C. Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building AS/NTU No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan R.O.C. Department of Astronomy and Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory Columbia University 550 W. 120th Street New York NY 10027 USA Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute 162 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10010 USA Department of Astrophysics Institute for Mathematics Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP) Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London Holmbury St. Mary Dorking Surrey RH5 6NT UK Institut für Theoretische Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 1 D-60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany Department of Physics University of Illinois 1110 West Green Street Urbana IL 61801 USA Department of Astronomy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1002 West Green Street Urbana IL 61801 USA NCSA University of Illinois 1205 W. Clark Street Urbana IL 61801 USA CP3-Origins University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 DK-5230 Odense M Denmark School of Natural Sciences Institute for Advanced Study 1 Einstein Drive Princeton NJ 08540 USA Princeton Gravity Initiative Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory 99 Millstone Road Westford MA 01886 USA National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osaw

Interpretation of resolved polarized images of black holes by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) requires predictions of the polarized emission observable by an Earth-based instrument for a particular model of the black hole accretion system. Such predictions are generated by general relativistic radiative transfer (GRRT) codes, which integrate the equations of polarized radiative transfer in curved spacetime. A selection of ray-tracing GRRT codes used within the EHT Collaboration is evaluated for accuracy and consistency in producing a selection of test images, demonstrating that the various methods and implementations of radiative transfer calculations are highly consistent. When imaging an analytic accretion model, we find that all codes produce images similar within a pixel-wise normalized mean squared error (NMSE) of 0.012 in the worst case. When imaging a snapshot from a cell-based magnetohydrodynamic simulation, we find all test images to be similar within NMSEs of 0.02, 0.04, 0.04, and 0.12 in Stokes I, Q, U, and V, respectively. We additionally find the values of several image metrics relevant to published EHT results to be in agreement to much better precision than measurement uncertainties.

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Internet of things scalability: Analyzing the bottlenecks and proposing alternatives

Internet of things scalability: Analyzing the bottlenecks an...

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International Conference on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Workshops (ICUMT)

作者： Márcio Gomes Rodrigo da Rosa Righi Cristiano André da Costa Applied Computing Graduate Program Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos Brazil

Internet of Things, or IoT, is a new revolution of the Internet, supporting a connection between objects and humans yet more strong. This area is known by the huge quantity of data that can be generated from the RFID sensors at realtime. On managing this data, the IoT middleware introduces some time constrains regarding both accessing applications and filtering and storing data actions. Thus, middleware scalability is a key requirement for supporting the current growth of IoT. In this context, this article firstly presents μIB - Micro Internet of Things Benchmark - that aims at evaluating the scalability of EPC-compliant middlewares. μIB combines data from tags, RFID readers, sequential requests and number of threads to compose an evaluation setup to assess EPCIS and ALE components. We used this benchmark to evaluate Fosstrak, which is one of the most used IoT middlewares, in a single server. The tests emphasized that the exhaustion in one component influences the performance of the others directly. Following this research line, this article also describes the first ideas on redesigning the IoT middleware using techniques such as cloud virtualization and elasticity, service decomposition and multithreading programming.

关键词： Middleware Scalability Time factors Instruction sets Servers RFID tags

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Optimization of feedforward neural network by Multiple Particle Collision Algorithm

Optimization of feedforward neural network by Multiple Parti...

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IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computational Intelligence, FOCI

作者： Juliana A Anochi Haroldo F. de Campos Velho Applied Computing Graduate Program National Institute for Space Research SP Brazil Laboratory Computing and Applied Mathematics National Institute for Space Research SP Brazil

Optimization of neural network topology, weights and neuron activation functions for given data set and problem is not an easy task. In this article, a technique for automatic configuration of parameters topology for feedforward artificial neural networks (ANN) is presented. The determination of optimal parameters is formulated as an optimization problem, solved with the use of meta-heuristic Multiple Particle Collision Algorithm (MPCA). The self-configuring networks are applied to predict the mesoscale climate for the precipitation field. The results obtained from the neural network using the method of data reduction by the Theory of Rough Sets and the self-configuring network by MPCA were compared.

关键词： Artificial neural networks Topology Meteorology Network topology Training Atmospheric modeling Biological neural networks

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A knowledge-construction perspective on human computing, collaborative behavior and new trends in system interactions

A knowledge-construction perspective on human computing, col...

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16th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Theories, Methods, and Tools, HCI International 2014

作者： Cafezeiro, Isabel Gadelha, Carmem Chaitin, Virginia Da Costa Marques, Ivan Computing Institute Vocational Masters Course in Diversity and Inclusion Fluminense Federal University Brazil Graduate Program of History of Science and Techniques and Epistemology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil School of Communication Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9783319072326

This article presents an analysis of collaborative behavior within the historical process of the construction of scientific thought. We start from evidence that the origin of computing was immersed in a conceptual background heavily dominated by structuring thought, resulting in a mode of thinking organized around a centralized unit, strengthening categorization, disciplinarity and a predominant dichotomous logic. However, the new settings in which computer systems are involved, such as collaborative behavior and human computation, reveal a mode of thought and organization within an acentered model of realization. Sociology of knowledge helps us to understand this dynamic, allowing us to verify that the rhizomatic model of realization embraces not only what is traditionally viewed as the setting of computer systems, but also extends to the way of thinking, organization and operation of collective relations around computer systems. © 2014 Springer International Publishing.

关键词： Behavioral research

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"Minha Saude" a healthcare social network for patients with cardiovascular diseases

"Minha Saude" a healthcare social network for patients with ...

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IEEE International Conference on Serious Games and Applications for Health (SeGAH)

作者： Edhelmira Lima-Medina Orlando Loques Claudio Mesquita Computing Institute - Graduate Program in Computer Science Fluminense Federal University Niterói RJ Brazil School of Medicine Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Science Fluminense Federal University Niterói RJ Brazil

Many patients use the Internet to find information that can improve their health conditions. In this context, Health Social Networks are acquiring greater force in people's lives by offering them opportunities for social networking to expose questions, experiences, besides new treatments and seek to form relationships giving or receiving emotional support. We developed a Healthcare Social Network called "Minha Saude", a virtual environment that facilitates contact between patients with cardiovascular problems with the goal to promote actions related to social inclusion of people involved. Through a called "Care Plan" available in the Social Network, we tried to motivate patients to get more interest in their own care. Daily activities, emotional states, symptoms and situations will be provided by the patient in the system through any device with internet connection. This information will be used to visualize the progress of patient's health and can be used to make medical decisions as needed. Also, we distinguish an important fact related to the Care Plan, which is the inter-relationship between patients with similar characteristics, we found it important to this action that patients can feed back their experiences and this fact can serve as motivation for them to adhere more their treatments. For this, we developed an algorithm following a Content-plus-link approach for friendship recommendation between those patients who share similar interests and thus increase the level of collaboration and communication between them. This recommendation is based on data from clinical profile, health status, interests and possible previously existing connections. The results are promising about to use of the Care Plan module and the recommendations that were accepted by the participants to create friendship.

关键词： Social network services Vectors Diseases Internet Biomedical monitoring Monitoring

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Implementation and evaluation of animation controls sufficient for conveying ASL facial expressions 14

Implementation and evaluation of animation controls sufficie...

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16th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, ASSETS 2014

作者： Kacorri, Hernisa Huenerfauth, Matt Graduate Center CUNY Computer Science Ph.D. Program 365 Fifth Ave. New YorkNY10016 United States Golisano College of Computing and Information Sciences 20 Lomb Memorial Drive RochesterNY14623 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327206

Technology to automatically synthesize linguistically accurate and natural-looking animations of American Sign Language (ASL) from an easy-to-update script would make it easier to add ASL content to websites and media, thereby increasing information accessibility for many people who are deaf. We are investigating the synthesis of ASL facial expressions, which are grammatically required and essential to the meaning of sentences. To support this research, we have enhanced a virtual human character with face controls following the MPEG-4 Facial Action Parameter standard. In a user-study, we determined that these controls were sufficient for conveying understandable animations of facial expressions.

关键词： Animation

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A new approach for Multiple Instance Learning based on a homogeneity bag operator 22

A new approach for Multiple Instance Learning based on a hom...

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22nd European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks, Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning, ESANN 2014

作者： Faria, A.W.C. Menotti, D. Lemos, A.P. Braga, A.P. Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Minas Gerais Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 Belo Horizonte MG31270-901 Brazil Computing Department Federal University of Ouro Preto Campus Universitário Ouro Preto MG35400-000 Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9782874190957

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) proposes a new paradigm when instance labeling, in the learning step, is not possible or infeasible, by assigning a single label (positive or negative) to a set of instances called bag. In this paper, an operator based on homogeneity of positive bags for MIL is introduced. Our method consists in removing instances from the positives bags according to their similarity with the ones from the negative bags. The experimental results show that our operator always increases the accuracy of the Citation kNN algorithm achieving the best results in 2 out of 4 datasets when compared with other classic methods in the literature.

关键词： Learning systems

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Visualization and analysis of interacting occurences in a smart city

Visualization and analysis of interacting occurences in a sm...

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IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)

作者： Luana Carine Schünke Luiz Paulo Luna de Oliveira Marta Becker Villamil Applied Computing Graduate Program Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos - Unisinos São Leopoldo RS Brazil

New information and communication technologies enable a better management of the available resources in a smart city. Leaders need tools to analyze data for better decisions, anticipate problems and resolve them proactively. In this context, this article proposes a simulation tool to analyze the interaction of typical cities occurrences like criminal and police. The information of both occurrences, including their densities, are inserted and visualized on a city map. Each record is marked on the GPS point where it happened. From these inputs data, the interactions are modeled by Voronoi Diagrams. The occurrences change their position according to the size area of the opposite event. In this way, crimes runway from police and police catch crimes occurrences. As results, we show that a large increase of police actions will not influence quantitatively in the reduction of criminal occurrences out of a critical zone.

关键词： Data visualization Cities and towns Generators Vectors Government Registers

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Teeth selection using particle swarm optimization

Teeth selection using particle swarm optimization

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2014 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ICAI 2014 - WORLDCOMP 2014

作者： Marana, A.N. Barboza, E.B. Peixinho, A.Z. Oliveira, D.T. Department of Computing Faculty of Sciences UNESP - São Paulo State University Bauru São Paulo Brazil UNESP Graduate Program on Computer Sciences São Paulo Brazil Bauru School of Dentistry USP - University of São Paulo Bauru São Paulo Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)1601322763

Usually, the forensic human identification through dental biometrics is performed manually by human experts. An important alternative to facilitate and expedite this task is to use an ADIS (Automated Dental Identification System). In ADIS, the selection of most discrimintive teeth can improve substancialy the subject identification rates. In this paper we propose the use of BPSO (Binary Particle Swarm Optimization) in order to select optimum subsets of most discriminative teeth shape descriptors, and, consequently, to improve the rates of correct person identification. Results obtained in our experiments have confirmed our hypothesis that some teeth are more discriminative than others and should be priorized during the forensic human identification based on dental recognition. The use of BPSO have reduced the EER from 20% to 10%, and have reduced the rank-k from k=15 to k=4 in order to reach 100% of correct teeth retrieval. ©2014 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ICAI 2014 - WORLDCOMP *** right reserved.

关键词： Biometrics

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Virtual Reality Evolution in Brazil: A Survey over the Papers in the "Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality"

Virtual Reality Evolution in Brazil: A Survey over the Paper...

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Symposium on Virtual Reality (SVR)

作者： Juliana Patrícia Detroz Marcio Geovani Jasinski Rafaela Bosse Thiago Luiz Berlim Marcelo Da Silva Hounsell PPGCA-Graduate Program in Applied Computing UDESC-Santa Catarina State University Joinville Brazil UDESC - Santa Catarina State Univ. Brazil

Virtual Reality is becoming a mature technology field. To understand its origins and foresee strategies, a study on the last decade of papers published in the Brazilians' most prominent symposium (the SVR - Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality) has been carried out. Papers were classified according to language, international participants, areas and sub-areas of application and related technologies. Although oversees participants has proven not constant, papers published in English has proven stable to SVR editions. The study also shows that health related applications have received most of the attention although techniques and tools proposal have raised the most recently which could be related to the low-level programming languages and frameworks preferences. The number of Augmented Reality papers has grown steadily and a great variety of underlying knowledge fields (such as 3D interaction and real-time simulation) are persistent topics of interest. An expected shift from VRML to other 3D Web technologies have already happened but there are just a few research papers devoted to formulative, evaluative or descriptive approaches. Data show that by improving the research budget to the area could impact productivity, a centralized database of publications would facilitate recovering and analyzing past contributions and, that enforcing more scientifically rigorous and English-written papers could raise the quality and visibility of Brazilians' research in VR.

关键词： Augmented reality Three-dimensional displays Education Communities Avatars Real-time systems

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