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2nd Machine Learning for Health Symposium, ML4H 2022

作者： Mao, Haiyi Liu, Hongfu Xiaotian Dou, Jason Benos, Panayiotis V. Joint CMU-Pitt PhD Program in Computational Biology University of Pittsburgh United States Michtom School of Computer Science Brandeis University United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Pittsburgh United States Department of Epidemiology University of Florida United States

Does the SARS-CoV-2 virus cause patients' chest X-Rays ground-glass opacities? Does an IDH-mutation cause differences in patients' MRI images? Conventional causal discovery algorithms, although well developed to uncover the cause-effect relationships on structured data, cannot elucidate causal relations between unstructured images and structured scalar variables due to the complexity of the former. In this paper, we consider causal discovery between images and structured (scalar) variables. Specifically, we derive low dimensional image representations to analyze with structured variables. We propose a two-module amortized variational algorithm named Cross-Modal Variational Causal representation and structure Learning (CMCL). CMCL jointly learns identifiable representations given a set of independent structured variables and causal relations via formulating latent representations and structured variables into a direct acyclic graph. Moreover, we further enforce counterfactual invariance/variance onto representations. We demonstrate that CMCL outperforms other related methods on synthetic datasets and validate causal relations on semi-synthetic datasets by visualization. © 2022 P.N. Argaw, E. Healey & I.S. Kohane.

关键词： Coronavirus

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Compound Multi-Branch Feature Fusion for Image Deraindrop

Compound Multi-Branch Feature Fusion for Image Deraindrop

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Chi-Mao Fan Tsung-Jung Liu Kuan-Hsien Liu Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taiwan

Image restoration is a challenging and ill-posed problem which also has been a long-standing issue. In this paper, we proposed a multi-branch restoration model inspired from the Human Visual System (i.e., Retinal Ganglion Cells) for image deraindrop. The experiments show that the proposed multi-branch architecture, called CMFNet, has state-of-the-art performance results. The source code and pretrained models are available at https://***/FanChiMao/CMFNet. And the interactive demonstration of the proposed deraindrop model can be accessed at https://***/dXaeNg.

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Black Soldier Fly Bioconversion System: A Digital Twin Approach 32

Black Soldier Fly Bioconversion System: A Digital Twin Appro...

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32nd IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, ISIE 2023

作者： Yu, Guangtao Nishi, Hiroaki Pang, Cheng Gu, Qingqing Lin, Yonghao Liang, Jinxian Dai, Wenbin Vyatkin, Valeriy INSPRO Science Ltd. Shenzhen China Keio University Graduate School of Science and Technology Japan Changsha Robox Institue Co. Ltd. Changsha China Shenzhen Cynovan Technologies Co. Ltd. Shenzhen China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Automation Shanghai China Luleå University of Technology Department of Computer Science Electrical and Space Engineering Luleå Sweden Aalto University Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350399714

Insect-based bioconversion is an emerging and economically viable approach that could simultaneously solve the global issues on food waste treatment and protein shortage. An essence of insect-based bioconversion is to feed insects on food wastes and then harvest and refine the developed insects into value-added commodities. This is a circular bioeconomic approach that can efficiently upcycle the nutrients and energy in food waste streams back into agricultural supply chains, but the difficulty is how to realize mass production of insects. This paper reports a commercial-scale insect-based bioconversion system using black soldier flies, whose design and development follow a digital twin paradigm. In particular, an industrialized rearing environment has been established, where the larvae growth can be systematically monitored, controlled, and managed to evaluate the overall bioconversion process efficacy. The system has been deployed in a pilot plant, whose Phase I is capable of handling 20 tons of food waste feedstocks per day and has been consecutively operating to date. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Supply chains

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Safe CoR: A Dual-Expert Approach to Integrating Imitation Learning and Safe Reinforcement Learning Using Constraint Rewards

Safe CoR: A Dual-Expert Approach to Integrating Imitation Le...

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： Hyeokjin Kwon Gunmin Lee Junseo Lee Songhwai Oh Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence and ASRI Seoul National University Seoul Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ASRI Seoul National University Seoul Korea

ISBN: (数字)9798350377705

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377712

In the realm of autonomous agents, ensuring safety and reliability in complex and dynamic environments remains a paramount challenge. Safe reinforcement learning addresses these concerns by introducing safety constraints, but still faces challenges in navigating intricate environments such as complex driving situations. To overcome these challenges, we present the safe constraint reward (Safe CoR) framework, a novel method that utilizes two types of expert demonstrations—reward expert demonstrations focusing on performance optimization and safe expert demonstrations prioritizing safety. By exploiting a constraint reward (CoR), our framework guides the agent to balance performance goals of reward sum with safety constraints. We test the proposed framework in diverse environments, including the safety gym, metadrive, and the real-world Jackal platform. Our proposed framework improves algorithm performance by 39% and reduces constraint violations by 88% on the real-world Jackal platform, highlighting its effectiveness. Through this innovative approach, we expect significant advancements in real-world performance, leading to transformative effects in the realm of safe and reliable autonomous agents.

关键词： Navigation Imitation learning Focusing Reinforcement learning Autonomous agents Safety Reliability Optimization Intelligent robots Faces

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Tuning Key Parameters of Electric Circuit Model for Application in Solid-State Supercapacitors 7

Tuning Key Parameters of Electric Circuit Model for Applicat...

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7th International Symposium on Instrumentation Systems, Circuits and Transducers, INSCIT 2023

作者： Ferreira, Paulo Saud, Hene Oliveira, Pedro Trigueiro, Joao Paulo Lavall, Rodrigo Salles, Luciana Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Belo Horizonte Brazil Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Electrical Engineering Department Belo Horizonte Brazil Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Department of Chemistry Belo Horizonte Brazil Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais Department of Chemistry/ICEx Betim Brazil Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Department of Chemistry/ICEx Belo Horizonte Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9798350326512

Supercapacitors have been widely studied and used on electrical and electronic circuits as energy storage devices. The potential of using supercapacitors in engineering is being continually explored and it is essential to use models compatible with Electronic Design Automation tools. The existing models do not fully comply with the modeled device and often their use requires adjustments to bring the modeled device closer to the real one. The two branches model is one of the simplest to-use parameter calculation methods found in the literature for modeling and specifying supercapacitors of capacitances in a range of up to 103 F. In this paper, it was adopted in the study of miniaturized and flexible solid-state devices with capacitances in the range of up to 10-3 F. The result is a method applicable in specifying and simulation of tens of millifarad supercapacitors used in IoT devices using SoC technology. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Supercapacitor

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Image Inpainting by Mscswin Transformer Adversarial Autoencoder

Image Inpainting by Mscswin Transformer Adversarial Autoenco...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Bo-Wei Chen Tsung-Jung Liu Kuan-Hsien Liu Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taiwan

Image inpainting has been researched for years. From deeper and larger models to models that focus on global information, all of them aim to obtain results closer to reality. In this paper, we combine the stripe window and line-by-line feature shift to modify the Vision Transformer (ViT) to reduce the computation cost and obtain global information from the oblique attention. In addition, we design a new loss function to enhance the texture and colors for inpainting. At last, to validate the efficacy of our proposed model, we conduct extensive experiments on commonly seen datasets (Places2 and CelebA) compared with other state-of-the-art methods. The source code and pretrained models are available at https: //***/bobo0303/MSCS-Net.

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PhageBox: An Open Source Digital Microfluidic Extension with Applications for Phage Discovery

TechRxiv

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TechRxiv 2023年

作者： Albin, Dreycey Buecherl, Lukas Kochavi, Eitan Niehaus, Elise Novack, Sasha Uragoda, Shenali Myers, Chris J. Alistar, Mirela Department of Computer Science CU Boulder BoulderCO United States Biomedical Engineering Program CU Boulder United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Program CU Boulder United States ATLAS Institute The Department of Computer Science CU Boulder BoulderCO United States

Objective: Recent advancements demonstrate the significant role of digital microfluidics in automating laboratory work with DNA and on-site viral testing. However, since commercially available instruments are limited to droplet manipulation, our work addresses the need for accelerated integration of other components, such as temperature control, that can expand the application domain. Methods: We developed PhageBox— an accessible device that can be used as a biochip extension. At hardware level, PhageBox integrates temperature and electromagnetic control modules. At software level, PhageBox is controlled by embedded software containing a unique model for bio-protocol programming, and a graphical user interface for visual device feedback and operation. Results: To evaluate PhageBox’s efficacy for biomedical applications, we performed functional testing. Similarly, we validated the temperature control using thermography, obtaining a range of ±0.2◦C. The electromagnets produced a magnetic force of 15 milliTesla, demonstrating precise immobilization of magnetic beads. We show the potential of PhageBox for bacteriophage research through three initial protocols: a universal framework for PCR, T7 bacteriophage restriction enzyme digestion, and concentrating X174 RF genomic DNA. Conclusion: Our work presents an open-source hardware and software extension for digital microfluidics devices. This extension integrates temperature and electromagnetic modules, demonstrating efficacy in biomedical applications and potential for bacteriophage research. Significance: We developed PhageBox to be accessible: the components are off-the-shelf at a low cost (≤$200), and the hardware designs and software code are open-source. With the long aim of ensuring reproducibility and accelerating collaboration, we also provide a DIY-build document. (GitHub: https://***/Dreycey/PhageBox) © 2023, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Digital microfluidics

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OP0379-HPR Tracking Step Counts in Adolescents with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Familial Mediterranean Fever: A 3-Month m-Health Monitoring Study Using Smartwatches

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Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2025年 84卷 305-306页

作者： A. Albayrak N. Arman A. Yekdaneh I. Donmez Y. Acikgoz G. Filiz T. Cakar N. Aktay Ayaz Istanbul Kent University Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Istanbul Türkiye Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Institute of Graduate Studies Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Doctorate Program Istanbul Türkiye Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Istanbul Türkiye Fenerbahçe University Vocational School of Health Services Physiotherapy English Program Istanbul Türkiye Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Institute of Graduate Studies Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Master of Science Program Istanbul Türkiye EF University Institute of Graduate Studies Computer Engineering Doctorate Program Istanbul Türkiye MEF University Faculty of Engineering Department of Computer Engineering Istanbul Türkiye Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Department of Pediatric Rheumatology Istanbul Türkiye

Background: Physical inactivity is a significant public health issue among both healthy adolescents and those with chronic rheumatic diseases. Despite the benefits of physical activity, most adolescents do not meet recommended activity levels [1, 2]. In this context, wearable activity trackers have emerged as a solution to reduce inactivity. These devices can encourage autonomous motivation by allowing self-monitoring of physical activity behaviors, ultimately increasing physical activity levels [3]. Objectives: The aim of the study was to monitor physical activity in adolescents with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) and Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) over a period of 3 months using a smartwatch, to evaluate step counts and to compare these with their healthy controls. Methods: 47 adolescents aged 12-18, diagnosed with JIA and FMF, and 274 healthy adolescents, were included in the study. Step counts of all adolescents were monitored for 3 months using a wearable activity device and the Pedi@ctivity Mobile Application, which operates on the Android system was developed by our team. The Pedi@ctivity Analysis Mobile Application comprises two modules as User Module and Supervise Module. Pedi@ctivity User Module where the user's health data is obtained through a smartwatch, and Pedi@ctivity Supervisor Module, where the evaluation data of the user is recorded and the smartwatch data can be viewed and managed by the supervisor. The data collected from smartwatch devices is accessed through the Google Fit API, which enables the retrieval of data from wearable technologies or smartphones including historical data. Thus, the data obtained from adolescents' smartwatch usage is transferred to the Pedi@ctivity Mobile Application for further analysis and management. Statistical analyses were performed using Python (version 3.9) with libraries including NumPy, SciPy, and pandas for data manipulation, and statsmodels or scikit-learn for advanced statistical and regression an

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Q-Learning based Local Path Planning for UAVs with Different Priorities

Q-Learning based Local Path Planning for UAVs with Different...

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IEEE Latin American Robotics Symposium, LARS

作者： Kevin B. de Carvalho O. B. Hiago Batista Leonardo A. Fagundes-Júnior Alexandre S. Brandão Department of Electrical Engineering Graduate Program in Computer Science Núcleo de Especialização em Robótica (NERo) Universidade Federal de Viçosa Viçosa MG Brazil

Path planning is a crucial component of autonomous navigation and frequently demands different priorities such as path length, safety, or energy consumption, with the latter being particularly important in the context of unmanned autonomous vehicles. In many applications, the agent may have to react to environment shifting. Algorithms such as geometric and dynamic programming as well as techniques such as artificial potential fields have been employed to tackle this local planning problem. In recent years, machine learning has gained more evidence in many research fields due to its flexibility and generalization capabilities. In this study, we propose a Q-learning-based approach to local planning, which weighs three crucial factors- path length, safety, and energy consumption- that can be freely adjusted by the user to suit its application’s needs. The performance of the proposed method was tested in simulated static and dynamic scenarios as well as benchmarked with a baseline approach. The results show that it can perform well in both kinds of environments without struggling with the commom pitfalls of other local planning algorithms.

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YOLO: An Efficient Terahertz Band Integrated Sensing and Communications Scheme with Beam Squint

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Luo, Hongliang Gao, Feifei Lin, Hai Ma, Shaodan Vincent Poor, H. Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Electrical and Electronic Systems Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Sakai Japan State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Macau China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ United States

Using communications signals for dynamic target sensing is an important component of integrated sensing and communications (ISAC). In this paper, we propose to utilize the beam squint effect to realize fast non-cooperative dynamic target sensing in massive multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) Terahertz band communications systems. Specifically, we construct a wideband channel model of the echo signals, and design a beamforming strategy that controls the range of beam squint by adjusting the values of phase shifters and true time delay lines. With this design, beams at different subcarriers can be aligned along different directions in a planned way. Then the received echo signals at different subcarriers will carry target information in different directions, based on which the targets’ angles can be estimated through sophisticatedly designed algorithm. Moreover, we propose a supporting method based on extended array signal estimation, which utilizes the phase changes of different frequency subcarriers within different orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols to estimate the distances and velocities of dynamic targets. Interestingly, the proposed sensing scheme only needs to transmit and receive the signals once, which can be termed as You Only Listen Once (YOLO). Compared with the traditional ISAC methods that require time consuming beam sweeping, the proposed one greatly reduces the sensing overhead. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

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