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Surveillance of avian influenza through bird guano in remote regions of the global south to uncover transmission dynamics

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Nature communications 2025年第1期16卷 4900页

作者： Dhammika Leshan Wannigama Mohan Amarasiri Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen Cameron Hurst Charin Modchang John Jefferson V Besa Kazuhiko Miyanaga Longzhu Cui Stefan Fernandez Angkana T Huang Puey Ounjai W K C P Werawatte Ali Hosseini Rad S M Porames Vatanaprasan Dylan John Jay Thammakorn Saethang Sirirat Luk-In Phitsanuruk Kanthawee Wanwara Thuptimdang Ratana Tacharoenmuang Bernadina Cynthia S P H Spencer Vitharana Natharin Ngamwongsatit Hitoshi Ishikawa Takashi Furukawa Yangzhong Wang Andrew C Singer Naveen Kumar Devanga Ragupathi Tanittha Chatsuwan Kazunari Sei Asuka Nanbo Asada Leelahavanichkul Talerngsak Kanjanabuch Hiroshi Hamamoto Paul G Higgins Daisuke Sano Anthony Kicic José O Valdebenito Jonas Bonnedahl Sam Trowsdale Parichart Hongsing Aisha Khatib Kenji Shibuya Shuichi Abe Department of Infectious Diseases Faculty of Medicine Yamagata University Yamagata Japan. leshanwannigama@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp. Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital Yamagata Japan. leshanwannigama@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp. Pathogen Hunter's Research Collaborative Team Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital Yamagata Japan. leshanwannigama@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp. Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences Kamiyanagi Yamagata Japan. leshanwannigama@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp. The Lygodium Ceylon Health and Environmental Policy Research Center Colombo Sri Lanka. leshanwannigama@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp. Biofilms and Antimicrobial Resistance Consortium of ODA receiving countries The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK. leshanwannigama@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp. Pathogen Hunter's Research Collaborative Team Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital Yamagata Japan. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Miyagi Japan. Faculty of Health Science Technology Chulabhorn Royal Academy Bangkok Thailand. HRH Princess Chulabhorn Disaster and Emergency Medicine Center Chulabhorn Royal Academy Bangkok Thailand. Department of Clinical Epidemiology Faculty of Medicine Thammasat University Rangsit Thailand. Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology Thammasat University Rangsit Thailand. Mater Research Institute University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia. Biophysics Group Department of Physics Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand. Centre of Excellence in Mathematics MHESI Bangkok Thailand. Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics Ministry of Higher Education Science Research and Innovation Bangkok Thailand. Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital Yamagata Japan. Co

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose a growing global health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where limited surveillance capacity and under-resourced healthcare systems hinder timely detection and response. Migratory birds play a significant role in the transboundary spread of AIVs, yet data from key regions along migratory flyways remain sparse. To address these surveillance gaps, we conducted a study between December 2021 and February 2023 using fresh bird guano collected across 10 countries in the Global South. Here, we show that remote, uninhabited regions in previously unsampled areas harbor a high diversity of AIV strains, with H5N1 emerging as the most prevalent. Some of these H5N1 samples also carry mutations that may make them less responsive to the antiviral drug oseltamivir. Our findings documented the presence of AIVs in several underrepresented regions and highlighted critical transmission hotspots where viral evolution may be accelerating. These results underscore the urgent need for geographically targeted surveillance to detect emerging variants, inform public health interventions, and reduce the risk of zoonotic spillover.

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Influence of permittivity and substrate thickness for miniaturization of artificial magnetic conductor

Influence of permittivity and substrate thickness for miniat...

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Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS)

作者： W. T. S. Ramos R. C. Mesquita E. J. da Silva Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Department of Electrical Engineering Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil

The influence of permittivity and substrate thickness at the resonance frequency of artificial magnetic conductor is investigated. It is known that various parameters such as geometry, dielectric substrate thickness, gap between patches, length and width of patch, size of unit cell, permittivity and permeability strongly affect the resonance frequency. In attempts to elucidate the miniaturization process, as reference, a square patch with a unit cell of size 10 mm × 10 mm has simulated and a resonance frequency of 5.75 GHz has obtained. The device has illuminated by a plane wave with polarization in the y direction. Simulations have been employed to appreciate the behaviour of resonance frequency in function of substrate thickness, and permittivity. The results are supported by finite element method (FEM), using the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics. Our findings show that there is a decrease at the resonance frequency owing to increase both permittivity and substrate thickness, while an opposite effect has been noted when the gap size between consecutive metals patches is increased. This means that the effect of increasing the dielectric thickness is equivalent to increasing effective permittivity of the system. We believe that the responsible mechanism for this behaviour is the induced electric polarizability on top of metal surface. Therefore, this work suggests that an efficient way to reduce resonance frequency is to look for geometries that maximize net induced electric polarizability and an analysis of electric field distribution could be used in order to design novel structure.

关键词： Resonant frequency Permittivity Substrates Metals Geometry Conductors

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Robust autonomous flight and mission management for MAVs in GPS-denied environments

Robust autonomous flight and mission management for MAVs in ...

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Asian Control Conference

作者： Yingcai Bi Menglu Lan Jiaxin Li Kun Zhang Hailong Qin Shupeng Lai Ben M. Chen NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781509015740;9781509015733

This paper addresses the problem of autonomous flight in GPS-denied environments. We present our systematic solution with integrated hardware and software design, robust state estimation and mission management. A micro aerial vehicle (MAV) equipped with 2D laser scanner, camera, on-board computer and flight controller is designed and constructed to realize our flight missions. The 2D laser-based localization and Kalman filter-based sensor fusion provide a robust state estimation for the MAV. We also design a task tree-based mission management method to handle a complete mission with multiple tasks. Moreover, vision-based detection algorithms complement various tasks, such as target searching and precision landing. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the overall integrated system. It was also validated by our championship winning in Singapore Amazing Flight Machine Competition (SAFMC) 2017.

关键词： Simultaneous localization and mapping Robustness Task analysis Sensor fusion Acceleration Two dimensional displays Laser fusion

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Cognitive priority model for advanced telemedical support in Limited Bandwidth Applications

Cognitive priority model for advanced telemedical support in...

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IEEE Canadian Conference on electrical and computer engineering

作者： Thomas E. Doyle David. M. Musson Taralyn Schwering McMaster eHealth Graduate Program Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Biomedical Engineering McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada Undergraduate Medical Education Northern Ontario School of Medicine Thunder Bay Ontario Canada Electrical and Computer Engineering McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada

Telemedicine offers the ability to provide real-time medical support, education, and care to remote and austere locations under limited bandwidth restrictions. These types of communication channels can easily be overwhelmed and delays or interruptions make communication difficult, if not impossible. These interruptions destroy the temporal orientation of communication resulting in significant cognitive loading. The objective of this research was to lower cognitive load and minimize digital communication bandwidth by developing a priority model from perceptual quality and content focus of telemedical video. H.264/AVC encoding was used to encode two types of medical context with varying bitrates, frame rates, and frame sizes. Telemedical video contexts were room awareness, and medical procedure. Objective quality and subjective quality tests were performed using Structural Similarity (SSIM) and perceptual feedback, respectively. The objective of this research is to develop context specific telemedicine communication models for the highest perceptual quality for available bandwidth for the purpose of increased temporal orientation and decreased cognitive load. Our research presents a method to select the best encoding parameters (maximum bitrate, frame rate and frame size) for the medical context to minimize bandwidth and maintain diagnostic and education quality.

关键词： Biomedical Telemetry Telemedicine Telematics Medical Information Systems Medical Services Temporal Orientation Cognitive Load

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Analysis of electric field distribution on artificial magnetic conductor: Via bowtie shape

Analysis of electric field distribution on artificial magnet...

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Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS)

This paper presents a detailed study of the influence of the geometric shape at the resonance frequency of the AMC through the analysis of the electric field distributions on the surface metal patch inside the unit cell. It is known that various parameters such as geometry, dielectric substrate thickness, gap between patches, length and width of patch, size of unit cell, permittivity and permeability strongly affect the resonance frequency. In attempts to elucidate the miniaturization process, as reference, a square patch with a unit cell of size 10 mm × 10 mm has simulated and a resonance frequency of 5.75 GHz has obtained. The device has illuminated by a plane wave with polarization in the y direction. The following geometric shapes were performed: square, circle, hexagon, meander and bowtie. We realized that the field distribution can be used as an physical insight to understand the operation of the metasurface miniaturization process. In particular, bowtie geometry provided considerable electrical miniaturization compared with square patch, about 1.5 GHz. The results are supported by finite element method, using the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics. Our findings suggest that net induced electric polarizability at edges of metal patches is the principal cause of shift at resonance frequency. Two bowtie shapes are proposed and has provided considerable electrical miniaturization, about 1.5 GHz, compared with square patch to the same dimension unit cell. Therefore, this letter present and propose a novel methodology to study and search geometries, based on analysis of electric field distribution.

关键词： Resonant frequency Metals Geometry Shape Surface waves Periodic structures

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Vibration-based classification of road damages: gyroscope data and a simple neural network model

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2018年第1期195卷

作者： Fergyanto E. Gunawan Herriyandi Benfano Soewito Tuga Mauritsius Nico Surantha Industrial Engineering Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Industrial Engineering Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480 Information Systems Management Department BINUS Graduate Program - Master of Information Systems Management Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia 11480

A system for automatic detection of road damages is essential for logistics management. At the core of the system lies an algorithm for classification of damages. This work intends to establish such an algorithm. In the current proposal, the algorithm receives data of the probe vehicle rate of rotations, extracts statistics descriptive from the data to produce a feature vector, and finally, feeds the vector to a simple-three-layer neural network to classify the damages. The types of damages are limited to four cases: normal, pothole, speed bump, and expansion joint. For the development, a probe vehicle is used to produce 400 empirical data involving those four damage cases. By using Monte Carlo approach, the established neural network model is evaluated. The results show that the approach is able to classify the cases with 85% accuracy. The study also finds that the rates of pitch and roll to be the determining factors.

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A digital class D audio amplifier with pulse density modulation and distortion suppression feedback loop 143

A digital class D audio amplifier with pulse density modulat...

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143rd Audio engineering Society Convention 2017, AES 2017

作者： McKenzie, Robert Li, Xinchang Snelgrove, W. Martin Ng, Wai Tung Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 10 Kings College Road TorontoON Canada Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquanlu Beijing China Kapik Integration 119 Spadina Avenue TorontoON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781510870703

A novel fully digital Class D amplifier is presented in which the output stage error is digitized by a 10-bit ADC and fed back into the modulation path to suppress distortion. This technique attenuates the in-band noise introduced by the output stage, and can tolerate large latency. A fully digital Pulse Density Modulation (PDM) Class D amplifier with output stage noise shaping is implemented on a PCB prototype. Feedback loop functionality is verified experimentally, and a 10 dB improvement in Total Harmonic Distortion plus Noise (THD+N) is realized. Copyright © (2017) by the Audio engineering Society All rights reserved.

关键词： Power amplifiers

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Consistency of Surface Electromyography Assessment at Lower Limb Selected Muscles During Vertical Countermovement

Consistency of Surface Electromyography Assessment at Lower ...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Carlos Rodrigues Miguel Correia Joao M. C. S. Abrantes Jurandir Nadal Marco A. Benedetti Rodrigues Centre for Biomedical Engineering Research INESC TEC Porto Portugal INESC TEC FEUP Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal MovLab ULHT PEB UFRJ PPGEE UFPE Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil

Given the difficulty of invasive methods to assess muscle action during natural human movement, surface electromyography (sEMG) has been increasingly used to capture muscle activity in relation to kinesiological analysis of specific tasks. Isolated isometric, concentric and eccentric forms of muscle action have been receiving the most attention for research purposes. Nevertheless natural muscle action frequently involves the use of a preceding eccentric muscle action as a form of potentiation of immediate muscle concentric action, in what is designated as muscle stretch-shortening cycle (SSC). The most frequently applied protocols for the evaluation of SSC on vertical jumps are by virtue of their reproducibility and control of experimental conditions, squat jump (SJ) without countermovement (CM), countermovement jump (CMJ) with long CM and drop jump (DJ) with short CM. The methods used to extract information and relationship of the captured signals also present a high diversity, with the question about the consistency of the methods and obtained results. The objective of this study is to evaluate the consistency of the analysis and results by applying different EMGs signal analysis techniques related to strategic muscle groups of the lower limbs at different countermovement evaluated in vertical jumps. Raw sEMG signals of 5 lower limb muscles of 6 subjects during SJ, CMJ and DJ were rectified, filtered and obtained their envelope, and then correlated (CR) for detection of synergistic, agonist and antagonist activity, applied principal component analysis (PCA) for the detection of uncorrelated components explaining maximum variability and normalized cross-correlation (CCRN) for detection of maximum correlations and time lag. CR of EMG envelopes presented higher coactivities (CoA) in DJ relative to SJ and these CoA superior to CMJ with greater synergy in DJ relative to SJ and CMJ that present several loop cycles corresponding to time lag of activity. CCRN of the EMG e

关键词： Muscles Correlation Electromyography Principal component analysis Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Electronic mail Radio frequency

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Properties of bulk dental composites using fiber Bragg grating sensors 17

Properties of bulk dental composites using fiber Bragg grati...

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17th SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference, IMOC 2017

作者： De Oliveira Franco, Ana Paula Gebert De Moura, Camila Carvalho Karam, Leandro Zen Kalinowski, Hypolito Jos Graduate School on Electrical Egineering and Computer Science Federal University of Technology Paraná Curitiba80230-901 Brazil Life Sciences School Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná Curitiba Brazil Department of Telecommunications Engineering Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói24210 Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781509062416

The technique recommended to achieve adhesion of composites to the enamel and dentine in dentistry is incremental with gradual photo-activation. Bulk fill composites were developed to reduce the clinical time and shrinkage polymerization. There are two types of bulk fill composites according the viscosity. The present study evaluates the shrinkage and temperature change during the polymerization of a bulk fill composite of low viscosity inside a teeth cavity, prepared to replace teeth tissue lost by caries and fractures. Fiber Bragg grating sensors are used in this investigation due their great sensibility and small dimensions. The results reveal shrinkage polymerization of -863±168 μ∑ and temperature change of 12±7°C. The temperature variationis high and can compromise the pulp vitality. © IEEE 2017.

关键词： Shrinkage

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Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study (vol 2, pg 144, 2021)

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LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2021年第4期9卷 E408-E408页

作者： Steinmetz, Jaimie D. Vision and Eye Research Institute Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge United Kingdom Biomedical Informatics Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Institute of Health Services Research Yonsei University Seoul South Korea Department of Ophthalmology University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Mathematics Imperial College London London United Kingdom WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia School of Optometry and Vision Science UNSW Sydney NSW Australia Brien Holden Vision Institute Sydney Australia Department of Ophthalmology University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia Department of Parasitology and Mycology Jahrom University of Medical Sciences Jahrom Iran Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Ophthalmic Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Ophthalmology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Health Services Management Department Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran Department of Systems Populations and Leadership University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Medicine Sofia Ismail Memorial Medical Centre Bogura Bangladesh The Fred Hollows Foundation Sydney NSW Australia Berhan Public Health & Eye Care Consultancy Addis A

Hospital El Salvador: a novel paradigm of intensive care in response to COVID-19 in central America. Lancet Glob Health 2021;9: e241?42?In this Comment, the conflict of interest statement should have included the following: ?By virtue of their roles within a public hospital or the Ministry of Health, MB, LC, WH, and XS are government employees. The findings and conclusions in the Comment are only those of the authors.? This correction has been made as of Feb 26, 2021.

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